Dabbobin gida 49: ma'ana da nau'in

Mawallafi: Peter Berry
Ranar Halitta: 15 Yuli 2021
Sabuntawa: 14 Nuwamba 2024
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Wadatacce

Dabbobi na iya zama dabbobi, amma ba koyaushe suke ba. Wata ƙungiya ce ta dabbobi waɗanda a cikin tarihi aka zaɓe su ta halitta da asali don hulɗarsu da mutane da wasu halaye na kowa. Kasancewar ana ɗaukar dabba a cikin gida ba yana nufin yana iya zama a cikin gida ba, ƙasa da haka a cikin keji. A cikin wannan post daga PeritoAnimal munyi bayani menene dabbobi, nau'ikan 49 waɗanda ke cikin wannan rukunin a Brazil da sauran mahimman bayanai game da wannan rarrabuwa.

Dabbobin gida

Dabbobin cikin gida, a zahiri, dabbobi ne da mutane suka yi kiwon su, wanda ya bambanta da horad da su. Waɗannan su ne duk waɗannan jinsi da nau'in da aka zaɓa cikin tarihi waɗanda aka saba da su ta asali ko ta asali don rayuwa tare da mutane. Dangane da binciken da aka buga Shirin Brazil don Kula da Abubuwan Halittar Dabbobi [1], da yawa daga cikin nau'ikan dabbobin gida a Brazil sun haɓaka daga nau'ikan da nau'ikan da masu shigo da mulkin mallaka na Fotigal suka kawo kuma bayan aiwatar da zaɓin yanayi suna haɓaka halayen da suka dace da yanayin.


IBAMA [2] duba yadda fauna na cikin gida:

Duk waɗancan dabbobin waɗanda, ta hanyar al'adun gargajiya da tsarin gudanarwa na gudanarwa da/ko haɓaka aikin zootechnical, sun zama cikin gida, suna gabatar da halaye na ɗabi'a da ɗabi'a waɗanda ke dogaro da ɗan adam, kuma suna iya gabatar da samfuri mai canzawa, daban da nau'in dabbobin da suka samo asali.

Babu ainihin ma'aunin juyin halitta ga duk dabbobin gida kamar yadda wannan tsari ya fara shekaru da yawa kafin wayewar wayewar kai. Dangane da labarin da aka buga a mujallar kimiyya Nature [3], kerkeci magabatan karnuka ne kuma sun kasance a gida aƙalla shekaru 33,000 da suka gabata, wataƙila suna mamaye matsayin dabba ta farko da mutane ke kiwon gida, dabbobin gona suka yi nasara, a cewar rahoton da aka buga a National Geographic [4].


Cats, bi da bi, suma sun kasance sun mallaki gida dubban shekaru da suka gabata, a zamanin Neolithic, tun kafin mutane su tilasta yin hayewa don inganta wasu halaye. Dangane da labarin da aka buga a mujallar kimiyya Nature [5], shaidu sun nuna cewa ƙetarewar su ta 'gida' ta fara ne kawai a tsakiyar zamanai.

Ana iya rarrabe dabbobin gida gida uku:

Nau'o'in dabbobin gida

  • Dabbobi (ko dabbobin rakiya);
  • Dabbobin gona da shanu;
  • Dabbobi masu ɗaukar kaya ko dabbobin aiki.

Kodayake ba doka bane, akwai halaye na kowa waɗanda ake samu a cikin dabbobin gida da yawa:

  • Suna girma cikin sauri kuma suna da ɗan gajeren rayuwa;
  • Suna hayayyafa ta halitta a zaman talala;
  • Suna da tsayayya kuma suna da babban daidaitawa.

dabbobin gida da na daji

Dabbar daji ma za a iya horas da ita, amma ba za a iya horas da ita ba. Wato, halayensa na iya dacewa da yanayin gida, amma ba ya zama dabbar gida kuma ba ta son yin hakan.


Dabbobin daji

Dabbobin daji, koda sun samo asali ne daga ƙasar da muke zaune, ba za su taɓa ba ya kamata a bi da su kamar dabbobi. Ba bisa doka ba ne a ci gaba da kula da dabbobin daji. Ba zai yiwu a horas da su ba. Tsarin gida na nau'in yana ɗaukar ƙarni kuma ba tsari bane wanda za'a iya samu yayin rayuwar guda ɗaya. Baya ga cewa wannan zai saɓa wa tsarin ilimin jinsin kuma ya inganta farauta da hana 'yancinsu.

A Brazil da ko'ina cikin duniya, wasu nau'ikan da za a iya samun su a matsayin dabbobi kuma waɗanda bai kamata su zama wasu nau'in kunkuru ba, sardons, urchins na ƙasa, da sauransu.

Yarjejeniyar CITES

O zirga -zirgar ababen hawa na halittu masu rai da ke faruwa tsakanin ƙasashe daban -daban na duniya gaskiya ne. Ana fitar da dabbobi da tsirrai daga muhallin su, suna haifar da rashin daidaituwa a cikin yanayin muhalli, tattalin arziki da al'umma. Don yaƙar fataucin waɗannan dabbobin da tsirrai, an haifi yarjejeniyar CITES (Yarjejeniyar kan Ciniki ta Ƙasashen Duniya a cikin Dabbobin Dabbobi da Dabbobi na Ƙarshe) a cikin 1960s kuma yana da niyyar kare nau'ikan da ke cikin haɗari ko haɗari, tsakanin wasu dalilai. . Ya ƙunshi nau'ikan dabbobi kusan 5,800 da kusan nau'ikan tsirrai 30,000.

Dabbobi masu ban mamaki

Fataucin mutane da mallakar dabbobin da ba a san su ba, ba bisa ka’ida ba a mafi yawan lokuta, baya ga lalacewar dabbobin da ba za a iya gyara su ba, na iya haifar da manyan matsalolin kiwon lafiyar jama’a, saboda suna iya ɗaukar cututtukan da suka mamaye wuraren da suka fito. Yawancin dabbobin da ba za mu iya siyowa sun fito ne daga zirga -zirgar ababen hawa ba bisa ƙa'ida ba, saboda waɗannan nau'in ba sa yin kamun kifi.

A lokacin kamawa da canja wuri, sama da kashi 90% na dabbobi suna mutuwa. Kamar dai hakan bai isa ba, idan dabbar ta tsira don isa gidanmu, har yanzu tana iya tserewa ta kafa kanta a matsayin jinsin cin zali, kawar da jinsunan asali da lalata ma'aunin muhalli.

Cewar IBAMA[2], dabbobin daji masu ban mamaki:

duk waɗannan dabbobin mallakar jinsuna ne ko ƙanana da rabe -raben yanki ba ya haɗa da Yankin Brazil da nau'in ko rabe -raben da mutum ya gabatar, gami da dabbobin gida a cikin yanayi mai kauri ko girma. Dabbobi ko nau'ikan da aka gabatar a waje da iyakokin Brazil da ruwan ikon sa kuma waɗanda suka shiga yankin na Brazil suma ana ɗaukar su m.

Mai haɗari kamar dabbobi

Baya ga mallakar da aka hana, akwai wasu dabbobin da ke da haɗari ga mutane, saboda girmansu ko tashin hankali. Daga cikinsu, zamu iya samun riguna da iguana.

Jerin dabbobin gida

Jerin dabbobin gida (dabbobin da aka yi la'akari da su don amfanin gida) na IBAMA shine kamar haka:

  • ƙudan zuma (Apis mellifera);
  • Yaren Alpaca (pacos laka);
  • Silkworm (Bombyx sp);
  • Buffalo (bubalus bubalis);
  • Awaki (capra hircus);
  • Kare (gidajen da aka sani);
  • Cockatiel (Nymphicus hollandicus);
  • Rakumi (Camelus Bactrianus);
  • Mouse (Musculus);
  • Canary na Masarautar ko Canary na Belgium (Serinus canarius);
  • Doki (equus caballus);
  • Chinchilla (chinchilla lanigera *kawai idan an haife shi a cikin bauta);
  • Bakin Swan (Cygnus atratus);
  • Alade na Guinea ko alade (cavia porcellus);
  • Kwarkwalin Sin (Coturnix coturnix);
  • Zomo (Oryctolagus cuniculus);
  • Diamond na Gould (Chloebiagouldiae);
  • Mandarin Diamond (Taeniopygia guttata);
  • Dromedary (Camelus dromedarius);
  • Yaren Escargot (Helix sp);
  • Collared Pheasant (Phasianus colchicus);
  • Shanu (kyau taurus);
  • Dabbobin Zebu (bos nuna);
  • Kaza (Galus na gida);
  • guine tsuntsu (Numida meleagris *an sake bugawa a cikin bauta);
  • kuzari (Amsar sp.);
  • Goose na Kanada (Branta canadensis);
  • Kogin Nilu (alopochen aegypticus);
  • katsina (Felis katsina);
  • Hamster (daCricetus Cricetus);
  • Jaki (equus asinus);
  • llama (daglam laka);
  • Manon (Lonchura striata);
  • Mallard (Anas sp);
  • Tsutsa;
  • Tumaki (ovis aries);
  • duck carolina (Aix tallafawa);
  • Duck Mandarin (Aix galericulata);
  • Tsuntsaye (Pavo cristatus);
  • Tsotsar akuya (Alectoris chukar);
  • Parakeet na Australiya (Melopsittacus mara iyaka);
  • Peru (Meleagris gallopavo);
  • Yaren Phaeton (Neochmia phaeton);
  • Dove na Diamond (Cunette Geopelia);
  • Tattabara ta cikin gida (Columba na rayuwa);
  • Alade (sus scrofa);
  • bera (Rattus norvegicus):
  • Mouse (rattus rattus)
  • Yaren Tadorna (Tado sp).

tsuntsayen gida

Kodayake jerin dabbobin gida na sama suna ba da shawarar nau'in tsuntsaye irin su Goose, turkey ko peacock, ba duka ba ne masu dacewa don samun su a cikin gida na yau da kullun sai dai idan kuna zaune a gona ko gona. A zahiri, ga waɗanda suka yi imani cewa wurin tsuntsaye yana cikin yanayi ba a cikin keji ba, babu wani nau'in da ya dace.

PeritoAnimal yana da matsayi game da nau'ikan 6 na tsuntsayen gida don samun a gida kuma muna ba da shawarar ku bincika. Sabanin yadda mutane da yawa ke tunani, macaws, parrots, toucans da sauran nau'ikan da ba sa cikin jerin ba tsuntsayen gida bane kuma ana ɗaukar mallakar su ba bisa ƙa'ida ba. laifin muhalli.[6]

Dangane da jerin da aka gabatar a sama, tsuntsayen gida sune:

  • Cockatiel (Nymphicus hollandicus);
  • Canary na Masarautar ko Canary na Belgium (Serinus canarius);
  • Bakin Swan (Cygnus atratus);
  • Kwarkwalin China (Coturnix Coturnix);
  • Diamond na Gould (Chloebiagouldiae);
  • Mandarin Diamond (Taeniopygia guttata);
  • Collared Pheasant (Phasianus colchicus);
  • Kaza (Galus domesticus);
  • guine tsuntsu (Numida meleagris *an sake bugawa a cikin bauta);
  • kuzari (Amsar sp.);
  • Goose na Kanada (Branta canadensis);
  • Kogin Nilu (alopochen aegypticus);
  • Yaren Manon (striatum);
  • Mallard (yaAnas sp);
  • duck carolina (Aix tallafawa);
  • Duck Mandarin (Aix galericulata);
  • Tsuntsaye (Pavo cristatus);
  • Tsotsar akuya (Alectoris chukar);
  • Parakeet na Australiya (Melopsittacus mara iyaka);
  • Peru (Meleagris gallopavo);
  • Yaren Phaeton (Neochmia phaeton);
  • Dove na Diamond (Cunette Geopelia);
  • Tattabara ta cikin gida (Columba na rayuwa);
  • Yaren Tadorna (Tado sp).

beraye na cikin gida

Haka lamarin yake ga beraye, da yawa suna cikin jerin, amma hakan ba yana nufin ana ba da shawarar su a matsayin dabbobi ba. A cewar IBAMA, dabbar da ake la'akari da gida a Brazil kamar haka:

  • Mouse (Musculus)
  • Chinchilla (chinchilla lanigera *kawai idan an haife shi a cikin bauta);
  • Alade na Guinea ko alade (cavia porcellus);
  • Hamster (daCricetus Cricetus);
  • bera (Rattus norvegicus):
  • Mouse (rattus rattus).

Ka tuna cewa zomaye (Oryctolagus cuniculus) suma dabbobin gida ne, duk da haka, ta hanyar haraji, ba a ɗaukar su beraye, sabanin abin da mutane da yawa ke tunani. zomaye ne lagomorphs wanda ke da halaye na rodent. Don ƙarin koyo, muna ba da shawarar karanta labarin da ke bayani 15 abubuwan ban sha'awa game da zomaye.