Wadatacce
- Nau'in sauro nawa ne?
- Ire -iren Manyan Sauro
- Ire -iren kananan sauro
- Aedes
- Anopheles
- culex
- Nau'in sauro ta ƙasa da/ko yanki
- Brazil
- Spain
- Meziko
- Amurka da Kanada
- Kudancin Amurka
- Asiya
- Afirka
Ajalin sauro, stilt ko tsutsa Ana amfani da shi don nufin ƙungiyar kwari na musamman na umarnin Diptera, kalmar da ke nufin "fuka-fuki biyu". Kodayake wannan lokacin ba shi da rarrabuwa ta haraji, amfani da shi ya bazu ta yadda aikace -aikacen sa ya zama ruwan dare, har ma a yanayin kimiyya.
Wasu daga cikin waɗannan dabbobin ba su da wani tasiri ga lafiyar mutane kuma ba su da wata illa. Koyaya, akwai kuma sauro masu haɗari, masu watsa wasu muhimman cututtuka waɗanda suka haifar da matsalolin lafiyar jama'a a yankuna daban -daban na duniya. Anan a PeritoAnimal, muna gabatar da labarin game da iri na sauro, domin ku san mafi yawan wakilan ƙungiyar da kuma takamaiman ƙasashen da za su iya kasancewa. Kyakkyawan karatu.
Nau'in sauro nawa ne?
Kamar sauran mutane da yawa a masarautar dabbobi, ba a cika rarrabuwar sauro ba, yayin da ake ci gaba da nazarin ilimin halittar jiki, da kuma sake duba kayan masarufi. Koyaya, adadin nau'in sauro da aka gano a halin yanzu yana kusa 3.531[1], amma wannan adadin yana iya ƙaruwa sosai.
Kodayake yawancin nau'ikan kwari galibi ana kiransu kwarkwata, stilts da kwarkwata, an rarrabe kwari na gaskiya zuwa ƙungiyoyi biyu kuma musamman kamar haka:
- Umarni: Diyya
- Suborder: nematocera
- Infraorder: Culicomorph
- babban iyali: Culicoidea
- Iyali: Culicidae
- Ƙungiyoyin iyali: Culicinae da Anophelinae
dangin subfamily Culicinae bi da bi an kasu kashi 110, Yayin Anophelinae ya kasu kashi uku, wanda ake rarrabawa a duniya a duk faɗin duniya, ban da Antarctica.
Ire -iren Manyan Sauro
A cikin umurnin Diptera, akwai infraorder da ake kira Tipulomorpha, wanda ya yi daidai da dangin Tipulidae, wanda ke da adadi mafi yawa na Diptera wanda aka fi sani da "tipula", "kumburin kwari" ko "katon sauro’ [2]. Duk da wannan suna, ƙungiyar ba ta dace da sauro na ainihi ba, amma ana kiran su haka saboda wasu kamanceceniya.
Waɗannan kwari suna da ɗan gajeren rayuwa, yawanci tare da sirara masu rauni waɗanda suke aunawa, ba tare da la'akari da ƙafafu ba, tsakanin 3 da fiye da 60mm. Daya daga cikin manyan bambance -bambancen da ke rarrabe su daga sauro na gaskiya shi ne, tipulid yana da raunin bakin da ba su da tsayi sosai, suna samar da wani irin huci, wanda suke amfani da shi don ciyar da tsirrai da ruwan tsami, amma ba akan jini kamar sauro ba.
Wasu nau'ikan da ke haifar da dangin Tipulidae sune:
- Nephrotoma appendiculata
- brachypremna breviventris
- kumburi auricular
- Tipula pseudovariipennis
- Matsakaicin tipula
Ire -iren kananan sauro
Sauro na gaskiya, wanda kuma ake kira sauro a wasu yankuna, na gidan Culicidae ne kuma galibi suna halin kasancewa iri na sauro ƙanana, tare da gaɓoɓin jikinsu auna tsakanin 3 da 6 mm, ban da wasu nau'ikan nau'ikan Toxorhynchites, waɗanda ke kaiwa tsayin 20 mm. Wani fasali na jinsin da yawa a cikin rukunin shine kasancewar wani bakin tsotsa, wanda wasu (musamman mata) suke iya cin jini ta hanyar huda fatar mutum mai masaukin baki.
Mace na jini ne, tunda don ƙwai ya girma, ana buƙatar takamaiman abubuwan gina jiki waɗanda suke samu daga jini. Wasu ba sa cin jini kuma suna ba da buƙatunsu tare da tsirrai ko tsirrai, amma daidai ne a cikin wannan hulɗa da mutane ko wasu dabbobin da waɗannan kwari ke watsa ƙwayoyin cuta, ƙwayoyin cuta ko protozoa waɗanda ke haifar da muhimman cututtuka kuma, a cikin mutane masu hankali, har ma da halayen rashin lafiyan. . A wannan ma'anar, yana cikin rukunin Culicidae da muke samu sauro masu haɗari.
Aedes
Ofaya daga cikin waɗannan ƙananan sauro shine nau'in halittar Aedes, wanda wataƙila shine asalin sa mafi muhimmanci epidemiological, saboda a cikinsa mun sami nau'ikan nau'ikan da ke iya watsa cututtuka kamar zazzabin rawaya, dengue, Zika, chikungunya, canwor heartworm, Mayaro virus da filariasis. Kodayake ba cikakkiyar sifa ba ce, yawancin nau'ikan halittar suna da fararen makada da baki a cikin jiki, gami da kafafu, wanda zai iya zama da amfani don ganewa. Yawancin membobin ƙungiyar suna da rarrabawar yanayin zafi sosai, tare da rarrabuwa kaɗan daga cikin wuraren da ke nesa da wurare masu zafi.
Wasu nau'ikan halittar Aedes sune:
- Aedes aegypti
- Afirka Aedes
- Aedes albopictus (sauro damisa)
- aedes furcifer
- Aedes taeniorhynchus
Anopheles
Harshen Anopheles yana da rarrabuwa a duniya a Amurka, Turai, Asiya, Afirka da Oceania, tare da haɓaka musamman a yankuna masu zafi, yankuna masu zafi da yankuna masu zafi. A cikin Anopheles mun sami dama sauro masu haɗari, kamar yadda da yawa daga cikinsu za su iya watsa ƙwayoyin cuta daban -daban da ke haifar da zazzabin cizon sauro. Wasu suna haifar da cutar da ake kira lymphatic filariasis kuma suna da ikon jigilar mutane da kamuwa da nau'ikan ƙwayoyin cuta.
Wasu nau'ikan halittar Anopheles sune:
- Anopheles Gambia
- Anopheles atroparvirus
- Anopheles albimanus
- Anopheles introlatus
- Anopheles quadrimaculatus
culex
Wani nau'in da ke da mahimmancin kiwon lafiya a cikin sauro shine culex, wanda ke da nau'ikan iri iri waɗanda suke manyan vectors cuta, kamar nau'ikan encephalitis daban -daban, cutar West Nile, filariasis da zazzabin cizon sauro. Membobin wannan nau'in sun bambanta daga 4 zuwa 10 mm, don haka ana ɗaukar su ƙarami zuwa matsakaici. Suna da rarrabawar duniya, tare da kusan nau'ikan 768 da aka gano, kodayake an yi rijistar mafi girman lamuran a Afirka, Asiya da Kudancin Amurka.
Wasu misalai na nau'in Culex sune:
- culex modestus
- Culex pipiens
- Culex quinquefasciatus
- Culex tritaeniorhynchus
- culex brupt
Nau'in sauro ta ƙasa da/ko yanki
Wasu nau'ikan sauro suna da fa'ida sosai, yayin da wasu ke cikin wata hanya ta musamman a wasu ƙasashe. Bari mu ga wasu lokuta:
Brazil
A nan za mu haskaka nau'in sauro da ke watsa cututtuka a cikin ƙasa:
- Aedes aegypti - yana watsa Dengue, Zika da Chikungunya.
- Aedes albopictus- yana watsa Dengue da Yellow Fever.
- Culex quinquefasciatus - yana watsa cutar Zika, Elephantiasis da Zazzabin Nilu.
- Haemagogus da Sabethes - watsa Yellow Fever
- Anopheles - shine vector na protozoan Plasmodium, mai iya haifar da zazzabin cizon sauro
- Phlebotome - yana watsa Leishmaniasis
Spain
Mun sami nau'in sauro ba tare da sha'awar likita ba, kamar, Culex laticinctus, culexhortensis, culexhamada kumaculex Yan Territans, yayin da wasu ke da mahimmanci daga mahangar lafiya don ƙarfin su na vector. Al'amarin ne na Culex mimeticus, culex modestus, Culex pipiens, Culex theileri, Anopheles claviger, Anopheles plumbeus kuma Anopheles atroparvirus, tsakanin wasu. Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa waɗannan nau'ikan ma suna da kewayon rarrabawa a wasu ƙasashen Turai.
Meziko
Akwai An gano nau'in sauro 247, amma kaɗan daga cikin waɗannan suna da tasiri ga lafiyar ɗan adam. [3]. Daga cikin nau'in da ke cikin wannan ƙasar da ke da ikon watsa cututtuka, mun sami Aedes aegypti, wanda shine likitan cututtuka kamar dengue, chikungunya da zika; Anopheles albimanus kuma Anopheles pseudopunctipennis, wanda ke yada zazzabin cizon sauro; kuma akwai kuma kasancewar Ochlerotatus taeniorhynchus, haifar da encephalitis.
Amurka da Kanada
Yana yiwuwa a sami wasu nau'in sauro, misali: Yankunan Culex, ba tare da mahimmancin likita ba. Malaria kuma ta kasance a Arewacin Amurka saboda Anopheles quadrimaculatus. A wannan yankin, amma iyakance ga wasu yankunan Amurka da ƙasa, da Aedes aegyptikuma yana iya kasancewa.
Kudancin Amurka
A cikin ƙasashe kamar Colombia da Venezuela, da sauransu, nau'in Anopheles nuneztovari yana daya daga cikin musabbabin zazzabin cizon sauro. Hakanan, kodayake tare da mafi girman kewayon rarraba wanda ya haɗa da arewa, the Anopheles albimanuskuma yana watsa cutar ta ƙarshe. Babu shakka, daya daga cikin jinsunan da aka fi rarrabawa a yankin shi ne Aedes aegypti. Mun kuma sami ɗaya daga cikin nau'ikan 100 masu cutarwa a cikin duniya, masu iya watsa cututtuka daban -daban, da Aedes albopictus.
Asiya
Shin zamu iya ambaton nau'in Anopheles introlatus, me ke haifar da zazzabin cizon sauro a cikin birrai. Hakanan a cikin wannan yankin shine laten anopheles, wanda shine vector na zazzabin cizon sauro a cikin mutane har ma da birai da birai. Wani misali kuma shine anopheles stephensi, kuma sanadin cutar da aka ambata.
Afirka
Dangane da Afirka, yankin da cututtuka daban -daban da cizon sauro ke yaɗuwa a cikinsa, muna iya ambaton kasancewar waɗannan nau'ikan: ciwon kai luteocephalus, Aedes aegypti, Afirka Aedes kuma Aedes vittatus, ko da yake na karshen kuma ya kai Turai da Asiya.
Kamar yadda muka riga muka ambata, waɗannan kaɗan ne daga cikin misalai da yawa na nau'in sauro da ke wanzuwa, saboda bambancin su yana da faɗi sosai. A cikin ƙasashe da yawa, yawancin waɗannan cututtukan an sarrafa su har ma an kawar da su, yayin da a wasu kuma har yanzu suna nan. Wani muhimmin al'amari shi ne saboda da canjin yanayi, yankuna daban -daban sun yi ɗumi, wanda ya ba da damar wasu vectors su ƙara radius ɗin rarraba su don haka suna watsa da yawa daga cikin cututtukan da aka ambata a sama inda ba su wanzu a da.
Idan kuna son karanta ƙarin labarai makamantansu Ire -iren Sauro,, muna ba da shawarar cewa ku shiga ɓangaren Curiosities na duniyar dabbobi.