Nau'in birai: sunaye da hotuna

Mawallafi: Peter Berry
Ranar Halitta: 12 Yuli 2021
Sabuntawa: 14 Nuwamba 2024
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An kasa birrai cikin Platyrrhine (birai na sabuwar duniya) kuma a ciki Cercopithecoid ko Catarrhinos (tsoffin birai na duniya). An keɓe maƙaryata daga wannan lokacin, wanda zai zama dabbobin da ba su da wutsiya, inda aka haɗa mutum.

Dabbobi irin su orangutan, chimpanzee, gorilla ko gibbons suma ba a haɗa su cikin rarrabuwar kimiyya na birrai ba, kamar yadda na ƙarshe, ban da samun wutsiya, suna da kwarangwal mafi tsufa kuma ƙananan dabbobi ne.

Gano rarrabaccen ilimin kimiyya na birai, inda iri biyu daban -daban da jimlar iyalai shida na birai a cikin wannan labarin ta PeritoAnimal. Na daban nau'ikan birai, sunayen biri kuma tseren biri:


Rarraba Infraorder Simiiformes

Don fahimtar komai daidai game da iri biri, dole ne muyi cikakken bayani cewa akwai jimlar iyalai 6 na birai waɗanda aka haɗa su cikin parvorordens 2 daban -daban.

Parvordem Platyrrhini: ya ƙunshi waɗanda aka sani da birai na Sabuwar Duniya.

  • Iyalin Callitrichidae - nau'ikan 42 a Tsakiya da Kudancin Amurka
  • Iyalin Cebidae - nau'ikan 17 a Tsakiya da Kudancin Amurka
  • Iyalin Aotidae - nau'ikan 11 a Tsakiya da Kudancin Amurka
  • Iyalin Pitheciidae - nau'ikan 54 a Kudancin Amurka
  • Iyalin Atelidae - nau'ikan 27 a Tsakiya da Kudancin Amurka

Sunan mahaifi Catarrhini: Yana rufe wadanda aka sani da tsoffin birai na duniya.

  • Cercopithecidae na Iyali - nau'in 139 a Afirka da Asiya

Kamar yadda muke iya gani, Simiiformes na infraorder yana da fa'ida sosai, tare da iyalai da yawa da nau'ikan birai fiye da 200. An rarraba wannan nau'in kusan daidai a yankin Amurka da a yankin Afirka da Asiya. Ya kamata a lura cewa a cikin Catarrhini parvordem akwai dangin Hominoid, waɗancan dabbobin da ba a rarrabasu a matsayin birrai ba.


Marmosets da tamarins

marmosets ko Callitrichidae da sunan kimiyya, su dabbobi ne da ke zaune a Kudanci da Tsakiyar Amurka. A cikin wannan iyali akwai jimlar nau'ikan nau'ikan 7 daban -daban:

  • O dwarf marmoset shi ne dabbar da ke zaune a cikin Amazon kuma yana iya auna 39 cm a cikin balaga, yana ɗaya daga cikin ƙaramin marmosets da ke wanzuwa.
  • O pygmy marmoset ko kadan marmoset yana zaune a cikin Amazon kuma ana siyar da shi da ƙaramin girmansa, kasancewar mafi ƙanƙantar biri da aka ƙera daga sabuwar duniya.
  • O mico-de-goeldi mazaunin Amazon ne kuma yana sanye da doguwar rigar baƙar fata mai haske, sai dai a ciki, inda ba shi da gashi. Suna da goge wanda zai iya kaiwa tsawon 3 cm.
  • Kai neotropical marmosets akwai jimlar nau'ikan dabbobin daji guda shida, waɗanda suka haɗa da marmosets, marmoset mai baƙar fata, marmoset mai wiwi, marmoset dutsen, marmoset mai duhu da farin marmoset.
  • O Ma'anar sunan farko Mico ya ƙunshi jimlar nau'ikan marmosets 14 waɗanda ke zaune a cikin gandun dajin Amazon da arewacin Chaco na Paraguay. Daga cikin nau'ikan da aka haskaka akwai marmoset na azurfa, marmoset mai baƙar fata, marmara na Santarém da marmoset na zinariya.
  • Kai tamarins zaki wasu ƙananan birai ne waɗanda ke da sunan sunan rigar da suke da ita, ana iya rarrabe nau'in cikin sauƙi ta launi. Sune na musamman ga gandun daji na Brazil, inda ake samun tamarin zinariya tamarin zaki, tamarin zaki mai kan zinare, tamarin zaki tamarin da tamarin zaki mai fuska baki.
  • Kai birai, kamar haka, sune halaye don samun ƙananan canines da dogon incisors. Wannan nau'in dabbobin yana zaune a Tsakiya da Kudancin Amurka, inda akwai jimlar nau'ikan 15.

A cikin hoton yana bayyana alamar azurfa:


biri capuchin

a cikin iyali na cebida, ta sunan kimiyya, mun sami jimlar nau'ikan 17 da aka rarraba a cikin nau'ikan 3 daban -daban:

  • Kai birai capuchin suna bin sunan su da farin mayafin da ke kewaye da fuskarsu, yana iya auna 45 cm kuma ya ƙunshi nau'ikan 4, da Cutar capucinus (farin capuchin biri), Ciwon kai (Caiaara), the Cebus albifrons shi ne Cebus kaapori.
  • Kai sapojus Ya ƙunshi jimlar nau'ikan 8 kuma suna cikin yankuna masu zafi na Kudancin Amurka. Capuchins da sapajus suna cikin dangi Cebidae, duk da haka, ga subfamily Cebinae.
  • Kai saimiris, kuma ana kiranta birai ko birrai, suna zaune a cikin gandun daji na Kudanci da Tsakiyar Amurka, ana iya samun su a cikin Amazon har ma a Panama da Costa Rica, ya danganta da nau'in. Sun ƙunshi jimlar nau'ikan 5, na dangi Cebidae, duk da haka, ga subfamily Saimirinae.

A cikin hoto zaka iya ganin biri capuchin:

biri biri

O biri na dare ita ce kawai nau'in dabbobin da ke cikin dangin Aotidae kuma ana iya samun su a cikin gandun daji na Kudancin da Tsakiyar Amurka. Zai iya auna har zuwa cm 37, girman daidai da jelarsa. Yana da sifar launin ruwan kasa ko launin toka, wanda ke rufe kunnuwansa.

Kamar yadda sunansa ya nuna, dabba ce ta halaye na dare, wanda aka yi wa manyan idanu, kamar yawancin dabbobin da ke yin aikin dare, da ƙanƙarar ruwan lemo. Yana da nau'in halitta wanda ke da jimlar nau'ikan 11.

Uacaris ko cacajas

Kai rashin tausayi, ta sunansu na kimiyya, dangin dabbobi ne da ke zaune a cikin gandun daji na wurare masu zafi na Kudancin Amurka, yawanci arboreal.A cikin wannan iyali akwai jeri 4 da jimlar nau'ikan 54:

  • Kai caca ko kuma ana kiranta uacaris, jimlar nau'ikan 4 an san su. Hali ta hanyar samun wutsiya mai guntu fiye da girman jikinsu, a yawancin lokuta kasa da rabin girman su.
  • Kai cuxius su ne dabbobin da ke zaune a Kudancin Amurka, suna bin sunan su ga wani gemu mai santsi wanda ya rufe kuncin su, wuyan su da kirjin su. Suna da wutsiya mai kauri wacce kawai ke daidaita su. A cikin wannan nau'in, an san nau'ikan 5 daban -daban.
  • Kai parauacus su ne dabbobin da ke rayuwa a cikin dazuzzukan Ecuador, inda za a iya rarrabe jimlar nau'ikan birai 16. Dukansu uacaris, cuxiú da parauacu suna cikin ƙananan iyali Pitheciinae, koyaushe a cikin dangin da aka ware Pitheciidae.
  • Kai kiraicebus Waɗannan su ne halittun dabbobin da ke zaune a Peru, Brazil, Colombia, Paraguay da Bolivia. Suna iya auna har zuwa 46 cm kuma suna da wutsiya daidai ko tsawon 10 cm. Halin halittar ya ƙunshi jimlar nau'ikan 30, na dangin dangi Callicebinae da iyali Pitheciidae.

A cikin hoton za ku iya ganin misalin uacari:

birai masu kuka

Birai Masu halarta na dangin dabbobin da ake samu a duk Tsakiya da Kudancin Amurka, gami da kudancin Mexico. A cikin wannan dangin, janareta 5 da jimlar nau'ikan 27 sun haɗa da:

  • Kai birai masu kuka dabbobi ne da ke zaune a yankuna masu zafi kuma ana iya samun su cikin sauƙi a Argentina da kudancin Mexico. Suna bin sunan su da sautin halayyar da suke fitarwa don sadarwa, yana da amfani sosai lokacin da suke cikin haɗari. Na dangin dangi Alouattinae, koyaushe cikin iyali ateidae. Tare da gajeriyar fuska da hanci mai jujjuyawa, biri mai hawaye zai iya kaiwa tsawon santimita 92 kuma yana da wutsiyar matakai iri ɗaya. Zamu iya rarrabe jimlar nau'ikan 13.
  • Kai birai gizo -gizo suna bin sunan su ne saboda rashin babban yatsan hannu a babba da ƙasansu. Ana samun su daga Meziko zuwa Kudancin Amurka kuma suna iya auna har zuwa 90 cm, tare da wutsiya mai girman gaske. Yana da nau'in halitta wanda ke da jimlar nau'ikan 7.
  • Kai muriquis ana iya samun su a Brazil, cikin launin toka ko launin ruwan kasa, sabanin gaba ɗaya da baƙar biri na kowa. Ita ce mafi girman nau'in platyrrino, wanda ke da nau'ikan 2.
  • Kai lagothrix (ko birbin da aka yi wa lakabi) su ne dabbobin daji a cikin dazuzzuka da gandun daji na Kudancin Amurka.Zasu iya kaiwa santimita 49 kuma fasalin su na musamman shine kasancewar rigar gashi a launuka, launin ruwan kasa zuwa launin ruwan kasa. Wannan nau'in yana da nau'ikan birai 4.
  • O oreonax flavicauda shine kawai nau'in jinsin Oreonax, na ƙarshe zuwa Peru. Halin da yake ciki a halin yanzu ba abin alfahari ba ne saboda an lasafta shi a matsayin Critically Endangered, mataki ɗaya kafin a ɗauki nau'in ya ƙare a cikin daji, da matakai biyu kafin ya ƙare gaba ɗaya. Suna iya auna har zuwa 54 cm, tare da wutsiya ta ɗan fi tsayi fiye da jikinsu. Dukansu flavicauda na oreonax, biri mai ƙarfi, muriqui da biri na gizo -gizo suna cikin ƙananan iyali atelinae da iyali Atelidae.

Hoton biri mai hawaye ya bayyana a hoton:

tsoffin birai na duniya

Kai Cercopithecines da sunan kimiyya, wanda kuma aka sani da tsoffin birai na duniya, suna cikin parvordem Katarrhini kuma zuwa superfamily Cercopithecoid. Iyali ne da ya ƙunshi jimlar jimla 21 da nau'in birai 139. Waɗannan dabbobin suna rayuwa a Afirka da Asiya, a yanayi daban -daban da kuma mahalli masu canzawa daidai. Daga cikin mahimman nau'ikan nau'ikan sune:

  • O erythrocebus wani nau'in dabino ne daga Gabashin Afirka, suna zaune a cikin savannas da yankunan hamada. Suna iya auna har zuwa 85 cm kuma suna da guntun wutsiya 10 cm. Yana daya daga cikin dabbobi masu sauri, yana iya kaiwa 55 km/h.
  • Kai biri ana samun su a Afirka, China, Gibraltar da Japan.Wannan birai suna da ƙaramar wutsiya ko ɓarna. Jimlar nau'ikan 22 suna bayyana a cikin wannan nau'in.
  • Kai birai dabbobin ƙasa ne da ba sa iya hawan bishiyoyi, sun fi son wuraren buɗe ido. Waɗannan quadrupeds sune manyan birai a tsohuwar duniya, suna da doguwa, siririn kai da muƙamuƙi tare da canines masu ƙarfi. A cikin wannan nau'in, an bambanta nau'ikan 5 daban -daban.
  • O biri proboscis shine asalin halittar tsibirin Bormeo, sifa ce don samun dogon hanci wanda ake bin ta da suna. Dabbobi ne da ke cikin haɗarin halaka, mun san cewa a yau akwai samfuran 7000 kawai.

A cikin hoto zaku iya ganin hoton Erythrocebus Patas: