Nau'in Whale

Wadatacce

• Halayen Whale
• Nau'in whale a cikin gidan Balaenidae
• Nau'in whale a cikin gidan Balaenopteridae
• Nau'in whale a cikin dangin Cetotheriidae
• Nau'in whale a cikin dangin Eschrichtiidae
• Dabbobin Whale Masu Hadari

Whales suna ɗaya daga cikin dabbobi masu ban mamaki a doron ƙasa kuma, a lokaci guda, kaɗan ne aka sani game da su. Wasu daga cikin nau'in kifayen sune mafi yawan dabbobi masu shayarwa a doron Duniya, ta yadda wasu daga cikin mutanen da ke raye a yau wataƙila an haife su a ƙarni na 19.

A cikin wannan labarin ta PeritoAnimal za mu gano nawa iri whales akwai, halayensu, waɗanda whales ke cikin haɗarin ɓacewa da sauran abubuwan sha'awa da yawa.

Halayen Whale

Whales wani nau'in cetaceans ne waɗanda aka haɗa a cikin suborder Asiri, halin da ciwon faranti gemu maimakon hakora, kamar yadda dabbar dolphins, kifayen kifaye, kifayen ruwa ko kwandon shara (suborder odontoceti). Su dabbobi masu shayarwa ne na ruwa, sun dace da rayuwar ruwa. Kakansa ya fito ne daga babban yankin, dabba mai kama da hippopotamus na yau.

Halayen zahiri na waɗannan dabbobin sune suke sa su dace da rayuwar ruwa. Naku pectoral da ƙashin ƙugu ba su damar kiyaye daidaiton su a cikin ruwa kuma su motsa ta ciki. A saman jiki suna da su ramuka biyu ko spiracles ta hanyar da suke ɗaukar iskar da ake buƙata don kasancewa a ƙarƙashin ruwa na dogon lokaci. Suborder cetaceans odontoceti suna da spiracle guda ɗaya kawai.

A gefe guda kuma, kaurin fatar jikinsa da tarin kitse a ƙarƙashinsa na taimaka wa kifin kula da yawan zafin jiki na jiki lokacin da suka gangara cikin gindin ruwa. Wannan, tare da sifar silinda na jikinsa, wanda ke ba da halayen hydrodynamic, da microbiota da ke rayuwa a cikin narkar da abinci ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa, yana haifar da kifayen kifaye lokacin da suka mutu a kan rairayin bakin teku.

Abin da ya kebanta wannan rukunin shine farantan gemu da suke da shi maimakon hakora, waɗanda suke amfani da su don cin abinci. Lokacin da kifin kifi ya ciji cikin ruwan da abin ya cika, yana rufe bakinsa kuma, da harshensa, yana fitar da ruwan, yana tilasta shi wucewa tsakanin gemunsa da barin abincin da ya makale. Sannan, da harshensa, ya ɗauki duk abincin ya haɗiye.

Yawancin suna da launin toka mai duhu a baya da fari akan ciki, don haka ba za a iya lura da su a cikin rukunin ruwa ba. Babu nau'ikan farin whales, kawai beluga (Delphinapterus leucas), wanda ba kifi ba, amma dabbar dolphin. Bugu da ƙari, an rarrabe manyan kifayen a cikin iyalai huɗu, tare da jimlar nau'ikan 15, waɗanda za mu gani a cikin sassan da ke tafe.

Nau'in whale a cikin gidan Balaenidae

Iyalin balenid sun ƙunshi jinsin rayuwa guda biyu, jigon Balaena da jinsi Eubalaena, da nau’o’i uku ko hudu, dangane da ko mun dogara ne akan nazarin halittu ko kwayoyin halitta.

Wannan iyali ya haɗa da nau'in dabbobi masu shayarwa na tsawon rai. Ana halin su ta hanyar samun ƙananan muƙamuƙi ƙasan muƙamuƙi zuwa waje, wanda ke ba su wannan sifar sifar. Ba su da narkakku a ƙarƙashin bakunansu waɗanda za su iya faɗaɗawa lokacin da suke ciyarwa, don haka siffar muƙamuƙarsu ita ce ke ba su damar ɗebo ruwa mai yawa da abinci. Bugu da ƙari, wannan rukunin dabbobin ba shi da finfin dorsal. Su ƙananan ƙananan whale ne, masu auna tsakanin mita 15 zuwa 17, kuma masu saurin ninkaya ne.

DA kogin Greenland (Balaena mysticetus), nau'in nau'in halittar sa kawai, yana ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda aka fi yi wa barazana da kifin, yana cikin haɗarin ɓacewa bisa ga IUCN, amma a cikin ƙaramin adadin mutanen da ke kewaye da Greenland [1]. A sauran kasashen duniya, babu abin da ya dame su, don haka Norway da Japan ke ci gaba da farautar su. Abin sha’awa, ana tunanin shine mafi yawan dabbobi masu shayarwa a doron ƙasa, wanda ya rayu sama da shekaru 200.

A kudancin kudancin duniya, mun sami kudancin damun kifi (Eubalaena Australis), ɗayan nau'ikan kifayen ruwa a Chile, muhimmiyar hujja saboda a nan ne, a cikin 2008, wata doka ta ayyana su a matsayin abin tunawa na halitta, tare da ayyana yankin a matsayin "yanki mai 'yanci don kifin kifi". Da alama a cikin wannan yankin yalwar wannan nau'in ya inganta godiya ga hana farauta, amma mutuwa ta ci gaba da shiga cikin tarun kamun kifi. Bugu da ƙari, an tabbatar da cewa a cikin 'yan shekarun nan Dominican Seagulls (larus dominicanus) sun ƙaru da yawan su kuma, sun kasa samun albarkatun abinci, suna cinye fata a bayan samari ko samari, da yawa suna mutuwa daga raunukan su.

Arewacin Tekun Atlantika kuma a cikin Arctic yana zaune Arewacin Tekun Atlantika Dama ko basque whale (Eubalaena glacialis), wanda ke samun suna saboda Basques sun taɓa zama manyan mafarautan wannan dabbar, suna kawo su kusan ƙarewa.

Nau'in karshe na wannan dangi shine Whale na Pacific dama (Eubalaena japonica), kusan ƙarewa saboda kifin kifin da gwamnatin Soviet ta yi.

Nau'in whale a cikin gidan Balaenopteridae

Kai balenoptera ko rorquais dangi ne na kifayen da masanin ilimin halittu dan Ingilishi ya kirkira a Gidan Tarihin Tarihi na Biritaniya a 1864. Sunan rorqual ya samo asali ne daga Yaren mutanen Norway kuma yana nufin "tsintsiya cikin makogwaro". Wannan shine sifar rarrabewar wannan nau'in kifin. A cikin ƙananan muƙamuƙan suna da wasu ninkuka waɗanda ke faɗaɗa lokacin da suke ɗaukar ruwa don abinci, yana ba su damar ɗaukar adadi mai yawa a lokaci guda; zai yi aiki daidai da rarrafe da wasu tsuntsaye kamar pelicans ke yi. Adadi da tsawon nade -nade ya bambanta daga jinsin zuwa wani. Kai manyan dabbobi da aka sani na cikin wannan rukunin. Tsawonsa ya bambanta tsakanin mita 10 zuwa 30.

A cikin wannan iyali mun sami nau'o'i biyu: jinsi Balaenoptera, tare da nau'ikan 7 ko 8 da nau'in Megapter, tare da nau'in daya kawai, da humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae). Wannan whale dabba ce ta duniya, wacce ke cikin kusan dukkanin tekuna da tekuna. Filin kiwo su ruwa ne na wurare masu zafi, inda suke ƙaura daga ruwan sanyi. Tare da Tekun Dama na Tekun Atlantika (Eubalaena glacialis), galibi yana shiga cikin tarun kamun kifi. Lura cewa an yarda da farautar kifin dabbar ruwa kawai a Greenland, inda za a iya farautar har zuwa 10 a kowace shekara, kuma a tsibirin Bequia, 4 a kowace shekara.

Kasancewar akwai nau'ikan 7 ko 8 a cikin wannan dangin saboda ba a riga an fayyace su ba ko yakamata a raba nau'in rorqual na wurare masu zafi zuwa biyu. Balaenoptera eden kuma Balaenoptera brydei. An rarrabe wannan kifin ta hanyar samun murtsunguwa uku. Suna iya auna tsawon mita 12 kuma su auna kilo 12,000.

Daya daga cikin nau'ikan kifayen ruwa a cikin Bahar Rum shine Fin Whale (Balaenoptera physalus). Ita ce whale ta biyu mafi girma a duniya, bayan blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus), ya kai tsawon mita 24. Wannan whale yana da sauƙin rarrabewa a cikin Bahar Rum daga sauran nau'ikan cetaceans irin su whale na maniyyi (Macrocephalus na jiki), saboda lokacin nutsewa baya nuna finfin jelarsa, kamar yadda na ƙarshen yake yi.

Sauran jinsunan kifayen cikin wannan iyali su ne

• Sei Whale (Balaenoptera borealis)
• Dwarf Whale (Balaenoptera acutorostrata)
• Antarctic Minke Whale (Balaenoptera bonaerensis)
• Umura Whale (Balaenoptera omurai)

Nau'in whale a cikin dangin Cetotheriidae

Har zuwa fewan shekarun da suka gabata an yi imani cewa Cetotheriidae ya ɓace a farkon Pleistocene, kodayake binciken kwanan nan akan Ƙungiyar Royal sun ƙaddara cewa akwai nau'in halittar wannan dangi, da pygmy dama whale (Caperea gefe).

Waɗannan kifayen suna rayuwa a kudancin kudancin, a yankunan ruwan da ke da matsakaici. Akwai ƙarancin gani na wannan nau'in, yawancin bayanan sun fito ne daga kamawa da aka yi daga Tarayyar Soviet ko kuma daga ƙasa. Shin kananan kifaye, tsawonsa ya kai mita 6.5, ba shi da maƙogwaron makogwaro, don haka kamanninsa sun yi kama da na kifayen gidan Balaenidae. Bugu da ƙari, suna da gajeren fikafikan dorsal, suna gabatarwa a cikin tsarin ƙasusuwansu yatsu 4 kawai maimakon 5.

Nau'in whale a cikin dangin Eschrichtiidae

An wakilci Eschrichtiidae ta nau'in guda ɗaya, da kifi whale (Eschrichtius robustus ya girma). An rarrabe wannan kifin ta hanyar rashin dorsal fin kuma a maimakon haka yana da wasu nau'ikan ƙananan humps. da a fuska arched, sabanin sauran kifayen da ke da madaidaicin fuska. Farantan gemunsu ya fi guntu fiye da sauran nau'in kifi.

Whale mai launin toka yana ɗaya daga cikin nau'ikan whales a Mexico. Suna zaune daga wannan yankin zuwa Japan, inda za a iya farautar su bisa doka. Waɗannan kifayen suna cin abinci kusa da gindin teku, amma a kan shiryayye na ƙasa, don haka suna son zama kusa da bakin tekun.

Dabbobin Whale Masu Hadari

Hukumar Whaling International (IWC) kungiya ce da aka haife ta a 1942 don tsarawa da ban farautar whale. Duk da kokarin da aka yi, kuma duk da cewa yanayin halittu da yawa ya inganta, kifin na ci gaba da zama daya daga cikin manyan abubuwan da ke haddasa bacewar dabbobin ruwa.

Sauran matsalolin sun hada da cin karo da manyan jiragen ruwa, makircin bazata a r.tarun kamun kifi, gurbatawa ta DDT (maganin kashe kwari), gurbata filastik, canjin yanayi da narke, wanda ke kashe yawan krill, babban abinci ga yawancin kifayen.

Nau'in da ke fuskantar barazana ko barazana shine:

• Blue Whale (Balaenoptera musculus)
• Ƙarancin Whale na Kudancin Dama na Chile-Peru (Eubalaena Australis)
• Arewacin Tekun Atlantika Dama (Eubalaena glacialis)
• Ƙarancin teku na kifayen kifi (Megaptera novaeangliae)
• Tropical whale a cikin Tekun Mexico (Balaenoptera eden)
• Antarctic Blue WhaleBalaenoptera musculus Intermedia)
• Whale na sani (Balaenoptera borealis)
• Grey whale (Eschrichtius robustus ya girma)

Idan kuna son karanta ƙarin labarai makamantansu Nau'in Whale,, muna ba da shawarar cewa ku shiga ɓangaren Curiosities na duniyar dabbobi.