Nau'in kwari: sunaye da halaye

Mawallafi: Laura McKinney
Ranar Halitta: 3 Afrilu 2021
Sabuntawa: 17 Nuwamba 2024
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Wadatacce

Ƙwari suna arthropods na hexapod, don haka jikinsu ya kasu zuwa kai, kirji, da ciki. Hakanan, duk suna da kafafu shida da fuka -fuki guda biyu waɗanda ke fitowa daga kirji. Koyaya, kamar yadda zamu gani daga baya, waɗannan shafuka sun bambanta gwargwadon kowace ƙungiya. A zahiri, tare da eriya da guntun baki, yana yiwuwa a sauƙaƙe bambance nau'ikan kwari da ke wanzu.

Wannan rukunin dabbobin ya fi bambanta kuma ya ƙunshi kusan miliyan. Koyaya, an yi imanin cewa har yanzu ba a gano yawancinsu ba. Kuna son ƙarin sani game da kwari? A cikin wannan labarin PeritoAnimal, zamuyi bayanin menene iri kwari, sunayen su, fasalulluka da sauran su.


Rarraba kwari

Saboda yawan bambancin su, rarrabuwa na kwari ya haɗa da ƙungiyoyi masu yawa. Sabili da haka, zamuyi bayani game da mafi yawan wakilai da sanannun nau'ikan kwari. Waɗannan su ne umarni masu zuwa:

  • Odonata;
  • Orthopter;
  • Isoptera;
  • Hemiptera;
  • Lepidoptera;
  • Coleoptera;
  • Diptera;
  • Hymenoptera.

Odonata

Odonata yana daya daga cikin kyawawan kwari a duniya. Wannan rukunin ya ƙunshi fiye da nau'in 3,500 da aka rarraba a ko'ina cikin duniya. Waɗannan su ne kwari -kwari (infraorder na Anisoptera) da 'yan mata (suborder na Zygoptera), kwari masu lalata da zuriyar ruwa.

Odonata yana da fuka -fukai da kafafu biyu waɗanda ke hidima don kama abin ganima da kuma fahimtar abin da ke ƙasa, amma ba tafiya ba. Idanunsu a haɗe suke kuma suna bayyana dabam a cikin kuyangi kuma suna kusantar juna a cikin mazari. Wannan fasalin yana ba ku damar bambanta su.


Wasu nau'ikan kwari waɗanda ke cikin wannan rukunin:

  • Calopterix budurwa;
  • Cordulegaster boltoni;
  • Sarkin sarakuna Dragonfly (Anax imperator).

orthopter

Wannan rukunin shine na fara da crickets wanda jimlar su sama da 20,000. Kodayake ana samun su kusan a duk faɗin duniya, sun fi son yankuna masu zafi da yanayi na shekara. Duk matasa da manya suna ciyar da tsirrai. Su dabbobin ametabolic ne waɗanda basa shan metamorphosis, kodayake suna fuskantar wasu canje -canje.

Muna iya rarrabe irin waɗannan dabbobin cikin sauƙi saboda gabansu yana da ƙanƙantar da kai (tegminas) kuma ƙafafunsu na baya suna da girma da ƙarfi, an daidaita su don tsalle. Galibi suna da launin kore ko launin ruwan kasa waɗanda ke taimaka musu su ɓoye kansu a cikin kewayen su kuma su ɓuya daga yawan masu farautar da ke bin su.


Misalan kwari na Orthopteran

Wasu misalai na farauta da crickets sune:

  • Fata ko Green Cricket (Tettigoria viridissima);
  • Cricket mole na Turai (Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa);
  • Euconocephalus thunbergii.

isoptera

Ƙungiyar kalma ta ƙunshi nau'ikan 2,500, waɗanda duka suna da yawa. Ire -iren wadannan kwari yawanci suna cin abinci akan itace, kodayake suna iya cin wasu abubuwan shuka. Suna zaune a cikin manyan tuddai da aka gina cikin itace ko a ƙasa kuma suna da simintin gyare -gyare fiye da yadda muka sani.

Sassan jikinsa ya dogara da simintin gyare -gyare daban -daban. Koyaya, duk suna da manyan eriya, kafafu masu motsi, da ciki mai kashi 11. Amma ga fuka -fuki, suna bayyana ne kawai a cikin manyan 'yan wasa. Sauran simintin su kwari ne na apter.

Misalan kwarin Isoptera

Wasu nau'ikan termites sune:

  • Wet itace termite (Kalotermes flavicollis);
  • Dry itace termite (cryptotermes brevis).

hemipterus

Waɗannan nau'ikan kwari suna nufin kwari (suborder heteropter), aphids, sikelin kwari da cicadas (Homoptera). A jimilce sun fi 80,000 nau'in, kasancewar ƙungiya iri -iri da ta haɗa da kwari na ruwa, phytophagous, masu farauta har ma da ƙwayoyin cuta na hematophagous.

Kwankwali yana da hemiéliters, ma'ana gabansu yana da ƙarfi a gindin kuma membranous a ƙwanƙolin. Koyaya, homolators suna da dukkan fikafikan membranous su. Yawancin su suna da ingantattun eriya da murhun tsotsan baki.

Misalan Kwayoyin Hemiptera

Wasu misalan irin waɗannan kwari sune:

  • Masu aski (Triatoma infestans);
  • Farar wakeabin mamaki);
  • Cicada orni;
  • Carpocoris fuscispinus.

Lepidoptera

Ƙungiyar lepidopteran ta ƙunshi fiye da nau'ikan 165,000 na malam buɗe ido da asu, tana ɗaya daga cikin nau'ikan kwari iri -iri. Manya suna ciyar da tsirrai kuma masu shaye -shaye, yayin da tsutsa (caterpillars) gandun daji ne.

Daga cikin halayensa sun fito da cikakkiyar metamorphosis (holometabolic), fuka -fukan murfinsa an rufe su da sikeli da proboscis, wani ɗan ƙaramin bakin da ke lanƙwasawa lokacin da ba sa ciyarwa.

Misalan kwari na lepidopteran

Wasu nau'ikan butterflies da asu suna:

  • Atlas asu (atlas atlas);
  • Sarkin asu (Thysania agrippina);
  • Kwanyar Boboleta (Atropos Acherontia).

Coleoptera

An kiyasta cewa akwai fiye da 370,000 nau'in sani. Daga cikinsu, akwai kwari daban -daban kamar saniyar zinariya (Lucanusbarewa) da ladybirds (Coccinellidae).

Babban halayyar wannan nau'in kwari shine cewa gabanta gaba ɗaya sun taurare kuma ana kiran su elytra. Suna rufewa da kare bayan fuka -fukan, waɗanda membranous ne kuma ana amfani dasu don tashi. Bugu da ƙari, masu rubutun suna da mahimmanci don sarrafa jirgin.

Diptera

Su ne kudaje, sauro da doki wanda ke tattara fiye da nau'in 122,000 da aka rarraba a duniya. Waɗannan kwari suna shan metamorphosis a lokacin rayuwarsu kuma manya suna cin abinci masu ruwa (ƙudan zuma, jini, da sauransu), saboda suna da tsarin tsotse-baki.

Babban fasalinsa shine canza fukafukinsa na baya zuwa tsarin da aka sani da rocker arms. Gaban gabansu na daɗaɗɗen fata kuma suna murɗa su don tashi, yayin da rockers ke ba su damar kula da daidaituwa da sarrafa jirgin.

Misalan Ƙwayoyin Diptera

Wasu nau'ikan kwari na wannan rukunin sune:

  • Sauro na Asiya Tiger (Aedes albopicus);
  • tsetse fly (jinsi Mai sheki).

Hymenoptera

Hymenoptera tururuwa ne, ƙudan zuma, ƙudan zuma da masu tausayawa. Yana da rukuni na biyu mafi girma na kwari, tare da nau'ikan 200,000 da aka bayyana. Yawancin jinsuna masu zaman kansu ne kuma an tsara su cikin katsina. Wasu kuma su kaɗai ne kuma sau da yawa suna da ƙima.

Ban da tausayawa, kashi na farko na ciki yana haɗe da kirji, wanda ke ba su babban motsi. Dangane da ɓangarorin bakin, wannan mai taunawa ne a cikin masu farauta kamar kumbura ko tsotsar leɓe a cikin waɗanda ke ciyar da tsirrai, kamar ƙudan zuma. Duk ire -iren waɗannan kwari suna da tsokoki na fukafukai masu ƙarfi da ingantaccen tsarin glandular wanda ke ba su damar sadarwa sosai.

Misalan kwari na hymenopteran

Wasu nau'in da aka samu a cikin wannan rukunin kwari sune:

  • Washin Asiya (velutine wasp);
  • Mai ginin tukwane (Eumeninae);
  • Masarinae.

Nau'in Ƙwayoyin Ƙwafi

A farkon labarin, mun ce duk kwari suna da fuka -fuki biyu, amma, kamar yadda muka gani, a cikin nau'ikan kwari iri -iri an canza waɗannan sifofi, suna haifar da wasu gabobin, kamar elytra ko makaman rocker.

Hakanan akwai kwari masu ban sha'awa, ma'ana ba su da fuka -fuki. Sakamakon tsarin juyin halittar ku ne, wannan saboda fuka -fuki da sifofin da ake buƙata don motsi (tsokokin reshe) suna buƙatar kuzari mai yawa. Don haka, lokacin da ba a buƙatarsu, sukan ɓace, suna ba da damar amfani da makamashi don wasu dalilai.

Misalan Ciwon Ƙwari

Mafi kyawun kwari da aka sani su ne yawancin tururuwa da tsutsotsi, daga inda fuka -fukan su ke fitowa kawai a cikin mutane masu haihuwa waɗanda ke barin su kafa sabbin yankuna. A wannan yanayin, ƙaddarar ko fuka -fukan sun bayyana ko a'a shine abincin da aka ba wa tsutsotsi, wato, kwayoyin halittar da ke tsara bayyanar fuka -fukan suna nan a cikin kwayoyin halittar su, amma ya danganta da nau'in abinci yayin haɓaka , maganarsu ta danne ko aiki.

Wasu nau'in hemiptera da ƙwaro suna juye da fikafikansu kuma suna manne a jikinsu har abada don kada su tashi. Sauran nau'ikan kwari, kamar oda Zygentoma, ba su da fikafikai kuma kwari ne na gaske. Misali ɗaya shine asu ko azurfa pieixinho (Lepisma saccharina).

sauran nau'in kwari

Kamar yadda muka fada a baya, akwai da yawa iri kwari cewa yana da matukar wahala a ambaci kowanne daga cikinsu. Koyaya, a cikin wannan ɓangaren, zamuyi bayani dalla -dalla game da sauran ƙungiyoyin da ba su da yawa kuma ba a san su ba:

  • Dermaptera: wanda kuma aka sani da almakashi, kwari ne da ke zaune a wuraren da ake da rigar ruwa kuma suna da appendages a matsayin matsakaici a ƙarshen ciki.
  • Zygentoma: kwari ne masu kwarjini, lebur da elongated kwari da ke gudu daga haske da bushewa. An san su da "kwarin danshi" kuma daga cikinsu akwai kwari na azurfa.
  • Blattodea: su ne kyankyasai, kwari masu dogayen eriya da fuka -fukan da aka taurara waɗanda aka bunƙasa a cikin maza. Dukansu suna da appendages a ƙarshen ciki.
  • Mayafi: mantises na addu'a dabbobi ne da suka dace da tsinkaye. Ƙafun gabansa na musamman ne wajen sace ganima kuma suna da babban ikon kwaikwayon abin da ke kewaye da su.
  • Phthiraptera: su ne kwari, ƙungiyar da ta ƙunshi fiye da nau'ikan 5,000. Duk ƙwayoyin cuta ne na waje.
  • Neuropter: ya hada da nau'ikan kwari iri -iri kamar tururuwa na zaki ko lacewings. Suna da fikafikan membranous kuma yawancinsu masu farauta ne.
  • Shipphonaptera: su ne tsummoki masu ban tsoro, tsutsotsi na waje masu shan jini. Bakinsa mai tsotse-tsotse ne kuma ƙafarsa ta baya sun bunƙasa sosai don tsalle.
  • Trichoptera: wannan rukunin ba a san shi sosai ba, kodayake ya ƙunshi fiye da nau'in 7,000. Suna da fikafikan membranous kuma ƙafafunsu suna da tsawo sosai, kamar sauro. Sun yi fice wajen gina “akwatuna” don kare tsutsotsin su.

Idan kuna son karanta ƙarin labarai makamantansu Nau'in kwari: sunaye da halaye,, muna ba da shawarar cewa ku shiga ɓangaren Curiosities na duniyar dabbobi.