Wadatacce
- Halaye na Maciji
- inda macizai suke zama
- maciji mai dafi
- Nau'in macizai masu haɗari
- maciji mara dafi
- Macijin ruwa
- macijin ruwa
- macizan yashi
Akwai game da 3,400 nau'in macizai, kuma kasa da kashi 10 daga cikinsu guba ne. Duk da wannan, macizai alama ce ta tsoro ga mutane, galibi suna nuna mugunta.
Macizai, ko macizai, na cikin Squamata order (wanda aka fi sani da scaly) tare da hawainiya da iguanas. Waɗannan dabbobin suna da halin kasancewa da babban muƙamuƙi na sama wanda aka haɗe da kwanyar gaba ɗaya, da ƙananan hakoran hannu, ban da halin rage gaɓoɓuwa, ko kuma ba sa nan, a yanayin macizai. A cikin wannan labarin ta PeritoAnimal, bari mu san iri macizai wanzu, halaye da wasu misalai.
Halaye na Maciji
Macizai, kamar sauran dabbobi masu rarrafe, suna da jiki mai siffa. An tsara waɗannan sikelin epidermal kusa da juna, an ɗora su, da dai sauransu. Daga cikin su, akwai yanki mai motsi wanda ake kira hinge, wanda ke ba ku damar yin motsi. Macizai, sabanin kadangare, suna da sikeli mai ƙaho kuma ba su da kasusuwan kasusuwan kasusuwa. Tsutsotsi na epidermal yana samun cikakken canji a duk lokacin da dabbar ta girma. Yana canzawa azaman yanki ɗaya, wanda ake kira exuvia.
Shin dabbobin ectothermic, wato ba za su iya daidaita yanayin zafin jikinsu da kansu ba, don haka sun dogara da muhallin. Don yin wannan, suna canzawa da daidaita halayen su don kiyaye zafin su yadda ya kamata.
Da yake su masu rarrafe ne, da tsarin jinin maciji ana sifanta shi da samun zuciya ta kasu kashi biyu dakuna uku, kasancewa atria guda biyu kuma ventricle ɗaya kawai. Wannan gabobin yana samun jini daga jiki da huhu, yana sakin shi ga sauran jiki. Ƙananan bawuloli da ɓangarorin da ke cikin ventricle suna sa ya yi aiki kamar an raba shi gida biyu.
O tsarin numfashi na maciji ya kunshi karamin rami a karshen bakin, wanda ake kira glottis. Glottis yana da membrane wanda ke ba da damar iska ta shiga cikin trachea lokacin da dabbar ke buƙatar numfashi. Bayan trachea, akwai cikakken huhu na dama tare da mashako yana ratsa ta, wanda ake kira mesobranch. Hannun hagu na macizai ƙanana ne, ko kuma ba sa nan gaba ɗaya a yawancin nau'o'in. Numfashi yana faruwa godiya ga tsokoki na intercostal.
macizai suna da tsarin juyin juya hali na musamman. Kodan suna da nau'in metanephric, kamar a cikin tsuntsaye da dabbobi masu shayarwa. Suna tace jini, suna fitar da abubuwan sharar gida. Suna cikin mafi girman yanki na jiki. A macizai ba su da mafitsara, amma ƙarshen bututun da suke fitarwa ya fi fadi, wanda ke ba da damar ajiya.
Haɗin waɗannan dabbobin koyaushe yana cikin ciki. Yawancin macizai dabbobi ne masu kauri, kwan kwai. Kodayake, a wasu lokuta, suna iya zama ovoviviparous, suna haɓaka zuriyar cikin mahaifiyar. Ƙwayayyun mata suna tsawo kuma suna shawagi a cikin ramin jiki. A cikin maza, hanyoyin ruwa na ruwa suna aiki azaman gwaji. Akwai kuma wani tsari da ake kira hemipenis, wanda ba komai bane illa ɓullowar cloaca kuma yana hidimar shigar da ita cikin suturar mace.
DA cloaca tsari ne inda bututu masu fitar da jini, ƙarshen hanji da gabobin haihuwa ke haɗuwa.
Wasu gabobin ji a cikin macizai suna haɓaka sosai, kamar ƙamshi da ɗanɗano. Macizai suna da gabobin Jacobson ko vomeronasal gabobin, ta inda suke gano pheromones. Bugu da ƙari, ta hanyar yau, suna iya hango dandano da ƙamshi.
A fuska, suna gabatarwa rami na gaske wanda ke kama ƙananan bambance -bambancen zafin jiki, har zuwa 0.03 ºC. Suna amfani da su don farauta. Yawan ramin da suke da shi ya bambanta daga 1 zuwa 13 nau'i -nau'i a kowane gefen fuska. Ta hanyar filin zafi mai ganowa, akwai ɗaki biyu da membrane ya raba. Lokacin da akwai dabba mai ɗumi-ɗumi a kusa, iska a ɗakin farko tana ƙaruwa, kuma tana motsa murfin ƙarewa wanda ke motsa ƙarshen jijiya.
A ƙarshe, akwai macizai masu dafi. Venom ana samar da shi ta hanyar salivary gland wanda aka gyara abun sa. Bayan haka, yau, akwai a aikin narkewa wanda ke taimakawa wajen narkar da ganima. Don haka, idan maciji ya ciji ku, ko da ba mai guba ba ne, yau da kansa na iya haifar da mummunan sakamako kuma yana haifar da raunukan da ke da zafi.
inda macizai suke zama
Macizai, saboda bambancin jinsunan su, sun yi mulkin mallaka kusan duk wuraren zama a duniya, ban da sandunan. Wasu macizai suna zaune a yankunan gandun daji, ta amfani da bishiyoyi a matsayin hanyar ƙaura. sauran macizai suna rayuwa a ciki makiyaya da karin wuraren budewa. Amma kuma za su iya zama a cikin duwatsu masu yawan gaske ko ƙarancin ruwa kamar hamada. Akwai macizai da suka ma mallaki tekuna. Don haka, the yanayin ruwa yana kuma iya zama wuri mai kyau don wasu nau'ikan macizai.
maciji mai dafi
Ire -iren macizai suna da iri daban -daban na hakora:
- hakora aglyph, wanda ba shi da tashar da za a iya yin dafin dafin ta kuma shiga cikin baki.
- hakora opistoglyph, wadanda suke a bayan bakin, tare da tashar da ake zuba dafin dafin.
- Hakora masu kariya, suna kan gaba kuma suna da tashar.
- Solenoglyph hakora, suna da bututun ciki. Hakoran inoculating waɗanda ke iya komawa baya, suna cikin mafi yawan macizai masu dafi.
Ba duk macizai ne ke da matakin haɗari iri ɗaya ba. Yawanci, macizai suna haɓaka don farauta akan takamaiman abin farauta kuma, a tsakanin su, ɗan adam baya nan. Don haka, yawancin macizai, ko da dafi ne, bai kamata su zama babbar barazana ba.
Nau'in macizai masu haɗari
Duk da wannan, akwai macizai masu haɗari sosai. Tsakanin mafi yawan macizai masu dafi a duniya mun sami:
- Taipan-do-ciki (Oxleranus microlepidotus);
- Black Mamba (Dendroaspis Polylepis);
- Macijin Tekun Blecher (Hydrophis Belcheri);
- Macijin sarauta (Hannah Ophiophagus);
- Royal Jararca (Duka Asper);
- Yammacin Diamond Rattlesnake (Crotalus Atrox).
Hakanan gano, a PeritoAnimal, waɗanda sune macizai masu dafi a Brazil.
maciji mara dafi
Da yake magana game da nau'ikan macizai, kusan kashi 90% na macizai da ke zaune a doron Duniya ba guba bane, amma har yanzu suna barazana. Pythons macizai ne marasa dafi, amma suna iya amfani da jikin su murkushe da shaƙewa manyan dabbobi cikin 'yan dakikoki. Wasu nau'in macizai su ne:
- Pypet kafet (Morelia ɗan wasa);
- Burmese Python (Python bivitatus);
- Python na sarauta (Python regius);
- Amethyst Pythonamethystine simalia);
- Python na Afirka (Python ba).
Ana la'akari da wasu macizai ire -iren macizan gida, amma babu maciji a zahiri dabbar gida, kamar yadda ba su taɓa shiga cikin dogon tsarin gida ba. Abin da ke faruwa shi ne yanayin yanayin macizai yana da nutsuwa kuma ba kasafai suke kai hari ba sai sun ji barazana. Wannan gaskiyar, ta kara da halin rashin zama mai guba, ta sa mutane da yawa sun yanke shawarar samun su a matsayin dabbobin gida. Wasu macizai marasa dafi sune:
- Boa mai takura (mai kyau constrictor);
- Sarkin Snake na CalifoniaLampropeltis getulus californiae);
- Karya murjani (Lampropeltis triangulum); yana daya daga cikin nau'in macizai daga Mexico.
- Arboreal-kore Python (Morelia viridis).
Macijin ruwa
A macizan ruwa suna zaune a bakin koguna, tabkuna da tafkuna. Waɗannan macizai galibi manya ne, kuma ko da yake suna shakar iska, suna yin yawancin ranar suna nutsewa cikin ruwa, inda suke samun wasu abincin da suke buƙata, irin su dabbobin daji da kifi.
- Macijin Ruwa Mai Ruwa (natrix natrix);
- Macijin Ruwa na Viperine (Natrix Maura);
- Macijin Giwa (Acrochordus javanicus);
- Green anaconda (Murinus Eunectes).
macijin ruwa
Macizai na teku suna haifar da ƙaramin iyali a cikin ƙungiyar maciji, Hydrophiinae subfamily. Waɗannan macizai suna yin yawancin rayuwarsu a cikin ruwan gishiri kuma, a mafi yawan lokuta, ba sa iya tafiya tare da dunƙulewar ƙasa kamar saman Duniya. Wasu nau'in macizai na teku sune:
- Macijin teku mai fadi-fadi (Colubrine Laticauda);
- Macijin Teku mai Baƙi (Hydrophis melanocephalus);
- Macijin Tekun Pelagic (Hydrophis platurus).
macizan yashi
Macizai masu yashi sune macizan da ke zaune a cikin jeji. Daga cikinsu, mun sami wasu iri rattlesnakes.
- Kifi mai kaho (Viper Ammodytes);
- Mojave Rattlesnake (Crotalus scutulatus);
- Arizona Coral Maciji (Euryxanthus microroids);
- Bright maciji-peninsular (shiru arizona);
- Maciji mai haske (arizona elegans).
Idan kuna son karanta ƙarin labarai makamantansu Nau'in macizai: rarrabuwa da hotuna,, muna ba da shawarar cewa ku shiga ɓangaren Curiosities na duniyar dabbobi.