Wadatacce
- Dabbobin daji: ma'ana, misalai da mahimmancin yanayi
- Bambanci tsakanin dabbobin daji da na gida
- Misalan dabbobin daji
- Fataucin namun daji: ma'ana da tasiri kan dabbobin Brazil
- Muhimmancin yaki da fataucin dabbobi
O fataucin namun daji ya kasance daya daga cikin manyan barazanar barazana ga rayuwar jinsuna da dama da kuma daidaita yanayin halittu da suke aiki a ciki. A halin yanzu, ana ɗaukar wannan aikin na uku mafi girman haram a cikin duniya (bayan makamai da fataucin muggan kwayoyi kawai), yana motsa sama da dala biliyan 1 kowace shekara.
A Brazil, duk da an hana shi tun daga shekarun 60 ta Dokar 5197 don Kariyar Fauna, da farautar namun daji har yanzu tana da alhakin kawar da nau'ikan halittu sama da miliyan 38 a kowace shekara daga mazauninsu na halitta. Kuma mafi munin abu shine, a cikin kowane dabbobin daji 10 na Brazil da aka kama don a ba da su da rai a cikin haramtacciyar kasuwa, 1 kawai ke kula da rayuwa a cikin bauta.
Wannan sabon labarin na PeritoAnimal yana da nufin wayar da kan jama'a game da mummunan tasirin wannan haramtaccen aiki a Brazil da duniya. Kuma don farawa, babu abin da ya fi fahimta menene dabbobin daji kuma me yasa suke da mahimmanci don daidaiton yanayin ƙasa. Karanta don ƙarin koyo!
Dabbobin daji: ma'ana, misalai da mahimmancin yanayi
Manufar dabbar daji ta kunshi dukkan nau'o'in Masarautar Dabbobi da aka haifa kuma haɓaka tsarin rayuwarsu a cikin yanayin yanayin ƙasa, kamar daji ko teku, misali. Waɗannan dabbobin sun ƙunshi fa'idar autochthonous na wata ƙasa ko yanki, suna cika wasu ayyuka a cikin sarkar abinci da tsarinta don tabbatar da daidaituwa tsakanin jinsin dukkan masarautun da ke cikinta, suna hana bayyanar kwari, yawaitar jama'a da sauran rashin daidaiton muhalli.
Dabbobin daji za a iya rarrabasu azaman ɗan ƙasa ko m, koyaushe suna ɗaukar abin da ake kira autochthonous fauna na wata ƙasa ko yanki. Lokacin da dabba ta kasance wani ɓangare na dabbobin gida na wani wuri, ana ɗaukarsa ɗan asalin ƙasa ne. Duk da haka, lokacin da ba a sami mazaunin sa na asali a cikin tsirran halittu na wannan wuri ba, ana kiran nau'in da baƙon abu. Idan muka bincika dabbobin Brazil, kyarkeci da jaguar za su zama wasu misalai na dabbobin daji 'yan asalin Brazil, yayin da za a iya ambaci zaki ko beyar launin ruwan kasa a matsayin dabbobin daji masu ban mamaki, saboda ba a samun mazauninsu a cikin kowane ɗayan Tsarin halittu na Brazil.
Bambanci tsakanin dabbobin daji da na gida
Ba kamar dabbobin daji ba, dabbobin gida su ne waɗanda ake amfani da su don zama tare da ɗan adam kuma tsarin rayuwarsu yana haɓaka daidai a waje da yanayin halittu na halitta, a wuraren da ɗan adam ya yi musu gyara. Bugu da ƙari, waɗannan nau'ikan sun haɓaka wani dangantakar dogaro da gudummawar juna da mutane. Yayin da suke dogaro da mutum don wasu buƙatu na yau da kullun (kamar abinci, ɗumi da tsari), halittar su kuma tana ba da fa'ida ga ɗan adam (kamfani, abinci, sufuri, da sauransu).
Kodayake, ba duk nau'in da ke rayuwa a zaman talala ko ya saba da kasancewa kusa da mutane ba za a iya ɗaukar dabbobin gida. Kawai a ambaci misali guda ɗaya: bari muyi tunanin dabbobin daji waɗanda aka kubutar da su daga bautar da doka kuma, saboda wasu dalilai, ba sa iya komawa ga yanayi. Wannan baya nufin cewa wannan nau'in ya daina zama daji kuma ya zama cikin gida, amma a'a wasu mutane sun kasance an hana su zama a mazauninsu na halitta kuma dole ne ya kasance a cikin wuraren da ake sarrafawa don tsira.
A cikin wannan ma'anar, yana da mahimmanci a fahimci cewa tsarin sarrafa gida ya wuce canjin lokaci -lokaci ko mai ma'ana a cikin mazaunin dabba. Dabbobin gida na yau sun yi canji mai tsawo kuma mai rikitarwa, wanda ya haɗa ba kawai muhallin da ke kewaye da su ba, har ma da ɗabi'unsu, ɗabi'unsu har ma da tsarin kwayoyin halitta da tsarin halittar da ke nuna nau'in su.
Waɗannan sauye -sauyen, a sashi, suna faruwa ta halitta saboda buƙatar daidaitawa da sabon yanayi da salon rayuwa, amma galibi mutane ne ke motsa su ko ma su jawo su, tare da niyyar samun fa'idodin da aka samo daga halaye na zahiri, azanci da fahimi. na dabbobi daban -daban.
Idan muka yi tunani game da karnuka, alal misali, ba shi da wahala a ga cewa bambance -bambancen da ke tattare da kerkeci ko karnukan daji (kamar dingo, alal misali), sun wuce mazaunin da kowane nau'in ke haɓaka yanayin rayuwarsa. Kodayake waɗannan nau'ikan suna da alaƙa ta asali, muna lura da bambance -bambancen bayyane a cikin bayyanar, halayya da kuma yadda ake gudanar da kowane ɗayan su. Mun kuma lura cewa mutane sun yi jerin tsoma baki a cikin haɓakawa da haɓakar karnuka don haskaka wasu kyawawan halaye, kamar farauta da illolin kariya, suna haifar da nau'ikan nau'ikan canine tare da kyawawan halaye da halaye.
Wani abu makamancin haka ya faru da sauran dabbobin gida, kamar dawakai, shanu da shanu, aladu, kyanwa, da sauransu. Kuma yana da daraja tunawa da hakan ba kowane dabbar larura ba ce a dabbar gida, wato ba koyaushe ake ƙirƙira shi da manufar kiyaye kamfani da kare ɗan adam ba. Shekaru da yawa, masana'antar abinci, kera, noma, kiwo da sauran ayyukan tattalin arziki da yawa sun dogara kai tsaye da a kaikaice kan kiwon dabbobin gida. Ba tare da ambaton wasannin motsa jiki da nishaɗin da ke amfani da dabbobi ba, kamar hawan doki ko gasa kyakkyawa ta kare, misali.
Misalan dabbobin daji
Ba zai yiwu a samar da cikakken jerin dabbobin daji a cikin kasida guda ɗaya ba, aƙalla saboda har yanzu akwai nau'ikan da yawa da ba a san su ba waɗanda kimiyya ba ta yi rajista da wanzuwar su a hukumance ba. A gefe guda, muna kuma samun dabbobin daji da yawa a cikin ɓacewa, waɗanda ba za a iya ganin wanzuwar su a mazaunin su na asali ba.
Don ba ku ra'ayi, fauna na Brazil ya ƙunshi kusan 10 zuwa 15% na rayayyun halittu a duniya. A cikin babban yankin Brazil, an kiyasta cewa sama da nau'in dabbobi masu shayarwa, tsuntsaye, dabbobi masu rarrafe da kifaye sama da dubu 11 suna rayuwa, kuma kusan nau'ikan kwari miliyan 30. Don haka tunanin dabbobin daji da yawa suna rayuwa a duk faɗin duniya, a cikin tsirrai daban -daban da yanayin yanayi ...
A ƙasa, muna gabatar da wasu nau'in dabbobin daji cikin haɗarin halakarwa, wanda zai iya ɓacewa a zahiri cikin shekaru masu zuwa:
- Rhinoceros farar fata na Arewa
- Amur Damisa
- Rhino na Java
- Tiger ta Kudu China
- Vaquita
- Kogin Cross Gorilla
- Kouprey (dabbar daji daga Indochina)
- Saola
- North Atlantic dama Whale
- Rataye na Sumatran
Misalan dabbobin Brazil na daji da ke cikin haɗarin ɓacewa
- Blue Arara
- otter
- dabbar dolphin
- jacutinga
- Gua wolf
- Golden Lion tamarin
- savannah bat
- Arewa Muriqui
- Jaguar
- Yellow Woodpecker
- Kunkuru na fata
- armadillo ball
Fataucin namun daji: ma'ana da tasiri kan dabbobin Brazil
Ana amfani da kalmar “fataucin” don nuna ayyukan kasuwanci ba bisa ƙa’ida ba. Dangane da fataucin namun daji, muna magana ne haramtacciyar siye da siyarwa iri iri waɗanda aka yi farautarsu da mugunta aka ɗauke su daga mazauninsu na asali don a miƙa su da rai kamar dabbobin gida m ko sadaukarwa don samar da abubuwan tarawa da samfura masu ƙima na kasuwanci (sutura, takalma, ruguna, kayan ado, abubuwa, da sauransu).
Kasuwancin namun daji ya kasance yana lalata dabbobin daji ba kawai a Brazil ba, har ma a duk duniya. Dangane da Rahoton "Live Planet" na 2016 (Rahoton Planet na Rayuwa 2016), wanda aka tsara kowace shekara biyu ta hanyarƘungiyar Zoological London (ZSL) tare da haɗin gwiwar ƙungiyar WWF (Asusun Yanayin Duniya), rayayyun halittu a duniyarmu sun ragu da kusan 58% tun daga 70s.
Abin takaici, fataucin dabbobin daji a Brazil yana daya daga cikin lamura masu tayar da hankali, kamar yadda aka kiyasta hakan kusan kashi 70% na jinsunan da ake fataucinsu a duniya sun fito ne daga tsirran halittu na Brazil, galibi daga yankunan Arewa, Arewa maso Gabas da Midwest. A halin yanzu, ana farautar dabbobin daji sama da miliyan 38 na Brazil a kowace shekara. Sabili da haka, ana ganin cewa fataucin da asarar mazaunin sune, a zamanin yau, manyan barazanar rayuwar fauna ta Brazil.
A kan “sauran fuskar wannan tsabar kudin”, muna samun ƙasashen da ke shigo da nau'in daji, wato waɗanda ke siyan dabbobi ko samfuran da aka samo daga gare su, waɗanda ba bisa ƙa'ida ba ta fataucin. Dangane da Rahoton Kasa kan Fataucin Dabbobin daji, wanda Cibiyar Sadarwa ta Kasa ta RENCTAS ta aiwatar, wasu daga cikin ƙasashen da suka “cinye” wannan haramtacciyar aikin sune: Amurka, Jamus, Netherlands, Belgium, Faransa, Ingila , Switzerland, da sauransu.
Kafin mu ci gaba, muna buƙatar yin ɗan taƙaitaccen kallo: ba duk nau'in baƙon da aka haifa cikin bauta suna shiga cikin haramtacciyar kasuwa ba. A cikin ƙasashe da yawa, doka ta ba da izinin kiwon wasu dabbobin daji a cikin zaman talala don siyarwa. Koyaya, cibiyoyin da aka sadaukar don wannan aikin dole ne a yi musu rajista da izini don aiki, ban da bin jerin buƙatun doka da ƙa'idodin lafiya da aminci.
A cikin waɗannan lamuran, dole ne a aiwatar da aikin kasuwanci ta hanyar da ta dace kuma mai siye ya karɓi daftari tare da duk cikakkun bayanai na kafuwar da dabbar da aka saya don tabbatar da asalin doka. Bugu da kari, dole ne a isar da waɗannan dabbobin ga sabon mai shi tare da tabbataccen ganewa, wanda yawanci ya ƙunshi microchip da aka dasa a ƙarƙashin fata.
Muhimmancin yaki da fataucin dabbobi
Tare da duk abin da muka gani zuwa yanzu, tabbas kun riga kun fahimci cewa dabbobin daji suna bi. takamaiman ayyuka a mazauninsu na halitta, ƙyale muhallin halittu daban -daban na duniyarmu su kasance cikin daidaituwa. Lokacin da yawan dabbar ta ƙare ko ta ragu sosai, rashin daidaiton muhalli yana faruwa wanda ke cutar da duk wasu nau'ikan da albarkatun ƙasa na wannan muhallin, kuma yana shafar ɗan adam (kai tsaye ko a kaikaice).
Baya ga tasirin da rashin daidaiton muhalli ke haifarwa, farautar dabbobin daji ma na iya yana yin illa ga ayyukan samarwa da lafiyar ɗan adam. Kawar da wasu dabbobin (ko raguwar su) yana da fifikon yaɗuwar wasu nau'in, wanda zai iya zama juzu'i waɗanda ke cutar da ayyukan dabbobi da/ko watsa cututtuka ga mutane da sauran dabbobin.
Wannan tambaya ce mai sauƙin fahimta mai ma'ana: lokacin da muka kawar da mafarauci, muna ba da damar ganima da yawa su ninka da yawa, yana haifar da yawan jama'a. Lokacin da muka kawar da tsuntsaye da dabbobi masu rarrafe, alal misali, muna buɗe ƙofofi don dubban nau'in kwari su hayayyafa da yardar kaina, ba tare da kulawar halitta na mai cin nama. Waɗannan kwari za su yi ƙaura da sauri zuwa filayen noma da birane don neman abinci, wanda zai iya cutar da girbi kuma ya zama mai ɗaukar nauyin cututtuka da yawa, kamar dengue, misali.
A gefe guda, shigar da nau'ikan halittu masu ban mamaki a cikin ƙasar wata ƙasa kuma na iya yin barazanar daidaita ma'aunin dabbobin gida, musamman lokacin da dabbar ta “tsere” daga kamun da aka sarrafa kuma ta sami damar hayayyafa a cikin yanayin halittu na ƙasa, gasa tare da nau'ikan asalin ƙasa don ƙasa da abinci. Bugu da ƙari, waɗannan dabbobin na iya zama masu ɗaukar zoonoses (cututtukan da za a iya watsawa tsakanin mutane da sauran nau'in), su zama matsalar lafiyar jama'a da muhalli.
Don duk waɗannan dalilai, yana da mahimmanci ba wai kawai akwai dokokin da suka hana farautar haramtacciyar hanya da fataucin dabbobin daji ba, har ma da inganta manufofin jama'a. wayar da kai kan illolin wannan haramtaccen aiki da kamfen don ƙarfafa gunaguni game da fataucin. Wajibi ne a haɗu da waɗannan dabarun tare da ingantattun dabarun aiwatarwa don tabbatar da cewa an aiwatar da doka da tsauraran hukunci ga waɗanda suka aikata wannan aika-aika da kuma yin illa ga muhalli da jin daɗin nau'ikan da ba su da yawa, gami da mutane.
Bugu da kari, kowannenmu zai iya ba da gudummawarsa wajen kawar da fataucin namun daji. So? Na farko, ba yin watsi da wanzuwar sa da bayar da rahoto ga hukumomin da suka cancanta ba. A matsayi na biyu, taba samun dabbobin gida m akan Intanet, tare da masu siyarwa masu zaman kansu ko a wuraren da ba su da lasisi mai inganci don aiki. Kuma a ƙarshe, da sanin cewa akwai dabbobi da yawa da ke jiran damar samun iyali da gida cike da ƙauna. Don haka maimakon kashe kuɗi da yawa da kawo ƙarshen haɗarin kuɗin ayyukan haram, ku ƙarfafa kanku ku nemi mafakar dabbobi kuma ɗauki aboki mafi kyau!
Idan kuna son karanta ƙarin labarai makamantansu menene dabbobin daji, muna ba da shawarar ku shigar da sashinmu na Abin da kuke Bukatar Ku sani.