Zazzabin Yammacin Nile a Dawaki - Alamun, Jiyya da Rigakafi

Wadatacce

• Menene Zazzabin Yammacin Nile
• Sanadin Zazzabin Yammacin Nile
• Alamomin Zazzabin Yammacin Kogin Nilu
• Binciken Ciwon Zazzaɓin Yammacin Nile a Dawakai
• Bincike na asibiti da bambanci
• dakin bincike
• Jiyya na doki
• Rigakafi da Kula da Zazzabin Yammacin Nile a Dawaki
• Alurar rigakafin Zazzabin Yammacin Nile a Dawakai

Zazzabin Yammacin Nile shine cutar da ba ta yaduwa ba yafi shafar tsuntsaye, dawakai da mutane kuma sauro ne ke yada shi. Cutar cuta ce ta asali daga Afirka, amma ta bazu ko'ina cikin duniya godiya ga tsuntsaye masu ƙaura, waɗanda sune manyan rundunonin cutar, suna kiyaye tsarin sauro-tsuntsu-sauro wanda a wasu lokutan ya haɗa da dawakai ko mutane.

Cutar na haifar da alamun juyayi wanda a wasu lokuta kan iya zama mai tsananin gaske har ma da haifar da mutuwar waɗanda suka kamu da cutar. Don haka, dole ne a ɗauki matakan rigakafin zazzabin Nil na Yamma a cikin dawakai, musamman ta hanyar allurar dawakai a wuraren haɗari.

Idan kuna sha'awar ko kun ji labarin wannan cutar kuma kuna son ƙarin sani game da ita, ci gaba da karanta wannan labarin na PeritoAnimal game da Zazzabin Yammacin Nile a Dawaki - Alamomi da Rigakafi.

Menene Zazzabin Yammacin Nile

Zazzabin Yammacin Nile shine cutar da ba ta yaduwa ta asalin kwayar cuta kuma sauro yakan watsa shi ta yawancin nau'in halittar culex ko Aedes. Tsuntsayen daji, musamman na dangi Yaren Corvidae (hankaka, jays) sune babban tafkin kwayar cutar don watsa shi zuwa ga wasu halittu ta hanyar sauro, yayin da suke haɓaka ƙwayar cuta mai ƙarfi bayan cizon sauro mai cutar. Mafi kyawun wurin zama don cutar ta yadu shine yankunan rigar, kamar delta delta, koguna ko wuraren raƙuman ruwa inda tsuntsaye masu ƙaura da sauro suke yawa.

Kwayar cutar tana kiyaye a sauro-tsuntsu-sauro yanayin zagaye, tare da wasu dabbobi masu shayarwa wasu lokuta suna kamuwa da cizon sauro mai ɗauke da ƙwayar cutar bayan ta ciji tsuntsu da kwayar cutar a cikin jininsa. Mutane da dawakai suna da hankali musamman kuma suna iya kaiwa ga alamun jijiyoyin jiki fiye ko severeasa mai tsanani, yayin da kwayar cutar ta isa tsakiyar tsarin juyayi da jijiyoyin jini ta hanyar jini.

An kuma bayyana watsawa ta hanyar transplacental, ba da nono ko dasawa a cikin mutane, kasancewa alama ce a cikin kashi 20% na lokuta. Babu watsa doki/doki, abin da ke faruwa shine yaduwa daga kasancewar sauro na kwayar cutar a tsakanin su.

Kodayake zazzabin West Nile ba ɗaya daga cikin cututtukan da aka fi sani da dawakai ba, yana da matukar mahimmanci a gudanar da binciken dabbobi don hana wannan da sauran cututtukan.

Sanadin Zazzabin Yammacin Nile

An taba ganin zazzabin West Nile ya kare a Brazil, amma an bayar da rahoton lokuta daban -daban a jihohi kamar São Paulo, Piauí da Ceará tun daga shekarar 2019.^[1][2][3]

Ana haifar da cutar ta hanyar Kwayar cutar West Nile, wanda shine arbovirus (ƙwayar cuta ta arthropod) na dangi Flaviviridae kuma na jinsi Flavivirus. Yana daga cikin jinsi iri ɗaya kamar Dengue, Zika, zazzabin rawaya, encephalitis na Jafan ko ƙwayoyin cuta na St. Louis encephalitis. An fara gano ta a shekarar 1937 a Uganda, a gundumar West Nile. An rarraba cutar musamman a cikin Afirka, Gabas ta Tsakiya, Asiya, Turai da Arewacin Amurka.

Shin saniya cuta ga Hukumar Lafiya ta Dabbobi ta Duniya (OIE), da kuma rubuce a cikin Dokar Kiwon Lafiyar Dabbobi na wannan ƙungiyar. Ƙara yaɗuwar ƙwayar cutar ta West Nile ana jin daɗin kasancewar ambaliyar ruwa, ruwan sama mai ƙarfi, ƙara yawan zafin jiki na duniya, haɓaka yawan jama'a, manyan wuraren kiwon kaji da ban ruwa mai zurfi.

Alamomin Zazzabin Yammacin Kogin Nilu

Bayan cizon sauro, OAlamomin zazzabin Nil na Yamma a cikin dawakai iya dauka daga 3 zuwa kwanaki 15 don bayyana. A wasu lokutan ba za su taba bayyana ba, saboda yawancin dawakan da suka kamu da cutar ba za su taɓa kamuwa da cutar ba, don haka ba za su nuna alamun asibiti ba.

Lokacin da cutar ta taso, ana kiyasta hakan sulusin dawakai masu cutar sun mutu. Alamomin da doki tare da Zazzabin Nilu zai iya nunawa sune:

• Zazzaɓi.
• Ciwon kai.
• Kumburi na ƙwayoyin lymph.
• Ciwon mara.
• Rashin hankali.
• Damuwa.
• Wahala a hadiye.
• Rashin hangen nesa tare da tangarɗa yayin tafiya.
• Slow da short mataki.
• Kai ƙasa, karkata ko goyan baya.
• Photophobia.
• Rashin daidaituwa.
• Raunin tsoka.
• Girgizar tsoka.
• Hakora suna niƙa.
• Fuskar fuska.
• Tics na jijiya.
• Ƙungiyoyin madauwari.
• Rashin iya tsayawa a tsaye.
• Inna.
• Rikici.
• Tare da.
• Mutuwa.

Game da Kashi 80% na kamuwa da cuta a cikin mutane ba sa haifar da alamu kuma, lokacin da suke gabatarwa, ba su keɓantattu ba, kamar zazzabi mai matsakaici, ciwon kai, gajiya, tashin zuciya da/ko amai, fatar fata da faɗaɗa ƙwayoyin lymph. A cikin wasu mutane, mummunan nau'in cutar na iya haɓaka tare da rikitarwa kamar encephalitis da meningitis tare da alamun jijiyoyin jiki, amma yawanci yawanci kaɗan ne.

Binciken Ciwon Zazzaɓin Yammacin Nile a Dawakai

Dole ne a yi gwajin cutar zazzabin na Nile a cikin dawakai ta hanyar asibiti, bincike daban -daban kuma dole ne a tabbatar da shi ta hanyar tattara samfura da aika su zuwa dakin bincike don samun tabbataccen ganewar asali.

Bincike na asibiti da bambanci

Idan doki ya fara nuna wasu alamun jijiyoyin jiki da muka tattauna, duk da cewa suna da dabara, ya kamata a yi zargin wannan cutar ta ƙwayoyin cuta, musamman idan muna cikin haɗarin kamuwa da ƙwayoyin cuta ko dokin ba a yi masa allurar rigakafi ba.

Shi yasa kira likitan dabbobi equine ga duk wani sabon hali na doki yana da mahimmanci a bi da shi da sauri da kuma kula da barkewar cutar. dole koyaushe don rarrabe zazzabin West Nile da sauran hanyoyin wanda zai iya faruwa tare da alamu iri ɗaya a cikin dawakai, musamman:

• Rabin equine.
• Equine herpesvirus nau'in 1.
• Alphavirus encephalomyelitis.
• Equine protozoal encephalomyelitis.
• Gabas da Yammacin equine encephalitis.
• Venezuelan equine encephalitis.
• Verminosis encephalitis.
• Bacteriosis meningoencephalitis.
• Botulism.
• Guba.
• Hypocalcaemia.

dakin bincike

Tabbataccen ganewar asali da banbance shi daga wasu cututtuka ana bayar da su ta dakin gwaje -gwaje. Ya kamata dauka samfurori don yin gwaje -gwaje kuma, don haka, gano ƙwayoyin rigakafi ko ƙwayoyin cuta na ƙwayoyin cuta don gano cutar.

Gwaje -gwaje don gano cutar kai tsaye, musamman antigens, ana yin su tare da samfuran ruwan cerebrospinal, kwakwalwa, koda ko zuciya daga autopsy idan doki ya mutu, tare da raunin sarkar polymerase ko RT-PCR, immunofluorescence ko immunohistochemistry a cikin kwakwalwa da kashin baya yana da amfani.

Koyaya, gwaje -gwajen da aka saba amfani da su don gano wannan cutar a ciki dawakai masu rai sune na serological, daga jini, magani ko ruwa mai ruwa, inda maimakon kwayar cutar za a gano garkuwar jiki cewa doki ya fito da shi. Musamman, waɗannan ƙwayoyin rigakafi sune immunoglobulins M ko G (IgM ko IgG). IgG yana ƙaruwa daga baya fiye da IgM kuma lokacin da alamun asibiti sun isa sosai to kawai ana gano cutar IgM na jini. Kai gwajin serological Akwai don gano zazzabin Nile a cikin dawakai sune:

• IgM ya kama ELISA (MAC-ELISA).
• IgG ELISA.
• Rinjaye na hemagglutination.
• Seroneutralization: ana amfani dashi don tabbatar da tabbatacce ko rikitarwa gwajin ELISA, saboda wannan gwajin na iya ƙetare tare da wasu flaviviruses ..

Tabbataccen bincike na zazzabin West Nile a cikin kowane nau'in ana yin shi ta amfani da warewar ƙwayoyin cuta, amma ba gaba ɗaya ake yin sa ba saboda yana buƙatar matakin Biosafety 3. Ana iya ware shi a cikin VERO (ƙwayoyin hanta na biri na Afirka kore) ko RK-13 ​​(ƙwayoyin koda na zomo), kazalika a cikin layin sel na kaji ko tayi.

Jiyya na doki

Maganin cutar zazzabin Niil ta Yamma a cikin dawakai ya dogara ne akan magani alama da ke faruwa, tunda babu takamaiman maganin rigakafi, don haka tallafin tallafi zai kasance kamar haka:

• Antipyretics, analgesics da anti-inflammatory drugs don rage zazzabi, zafi da kumburin ciki.
• Gyarawa don kula da matsayi.
• Maganin ruwa idan doki ba zai iya shayar da kansa da kyau ba.
• Tube abinci mai gina jiki idan ci yana da wahala.
• Asibiti tare da amintaccen wuri, bangon bango, gado mai dadi da mai kare kai don hana raunuka daga bugawa da sarrafa alamun jijiyoyin jiki.

Mafi na dawakai da suka kamu yana farfadowa ta hanyar haɓaka takamaiman rigakafi. Wani lokaci, kodayake doki ya fi cutar girma, ana iya samun sakamako sakamakon lalacewar tsarin jijiya.

Rigakafi da Kula da Zazzabin Yammacin Nile a Dawaki

Zazzabin Yammacin Nile shine saniya cuta, amma ba a aiwatar da shirin kawar da shi ba, saboda ba ya yaduwa tsakanin dawakai, amma yana buƙatar sauro don yin sulhu tsakaninsu, don haka ba wajibi ba ne a yanka dawakan da suka kamu da cutar, sai dai saboda dalilai na jin ƙai idan ba su da inganci yanzu rayuwa.

Yana da mahimmanci a yi amfani da matakan rigakafin zazzabin Nil don kula da cutar ta hanyar sa ido na annoba na sauro a matsayin vectors, tsuntsaye a matsayin manyan runduna da dawakai ko mutane kamar bazata.

Manufofin shirin su ne gano kasancewar ƙwayoyin cuta na ƙwayoyin cuta, tantance haɗarin bayyanarsa da aiwatar da takamaiman matakan. Dole ne a kula da gandun daji na musamman kuma ana kula da tsuntsaye akan gawarwakin su, kamar yadda yawancin masu cutar suka mutu, ko ta samfuri daga waɗanda ake zargi; a cikin sauro, ta hanyar kamawa da ganewa, da dawakai, ta hanyar samfurin samari ko ta tuhuman da ake tuhuma.

Kasancewar babu takamaiman magani, allurar rigakafi da rage fallasawa zuwa watsa sauro suna da mahimmanci don rage haɗarin dawakai na kamuwa da cutar. O shirin kula da sauro ya dogara ne akan aiwatar da waɗannan matakan:

• Amfani da magungunan kashe kwari a kan dawakai.
• Sanya dawakai a cikin mafaka, guje wa ayyukan waje yayin lokutan mafi girma ga sauro.
• Fans, maganin kwari da tarkon sauro.
• Kawar da wuraren kiwo ta hanyar tsaftacewa da canza ruwan sha kullum.
• Kashe fitilu a barga inda doki yake don gujewa jawo sauro.
• Sanya gidan sauro a cikin bukkoki, da kuma gidan sauro akan tagogi.

Alurar rigakafin Zazzabin Yammacin Nile a Dawakai

A kan dawakai, ba kamar mutane ba, akwai alluran rigakafi wadanda ake amfani da su a wuraren da suka fi fuskantar haɗari ko kamuwa da cutar. Babban amfani da alluran rigakafi shine rage yawan dawakai masu cutar Viremia, wato dawakan da ke da kwayar cutar a cikin jininsu, da kuma rage tsananin cutar ta hanyar nuna rigakafi idan ta kamu.

Ana amfani da alluran rigakafin ƙwayar cuta daga watanni 6 na doki, ana gudanar da shi intramuscularly kuma yana buƙatar allurai biyu. Na farko yana da watanni shida, yana sake yin allurar rigakafi bayan makonni huɗu ko shida sannan sau ɗaya a shekara.

Muna sake nanatawa cewa idan dokin yana da alamun alamun da aka ambata a cikin wannan labarin, duba likitan dabbobi da wuri -wuri.

Hakanan muna da wannan labarin akan dokin dokin maganin gida wanda zai iya sha'awar ku.

Wannan labarin don dalilai ne kawai na bayanai, a PeritoAnimal.com.br ba za mu iya rubuta magungunan dabbobi ko yin kowane irin ganewar asali ba. Muna ba da shawarar cewa ku kai dabbar ku ga likitan dabbobi idan tana da kowane irin yanayi ko rashin jin daɗi.

Idan kuna son karanta ƙarin labarai makamantansu Zazzabin Yammacin Nile a Dawaki - Alamun, Jiyya da Rigakafi, muna ba da shawarar ku shiga sashinmu kan cututtukan da ke yaɗuwar Cutar.