Wadatacce
- Al'ummar tururuwa: eusociality
- Haihuwar tururuwa
- Jirgin Bindal na Ants
- Haihuwar sabon mulkin tururuwa
Tururuwa na ɗaya daga cikin dabbobi kalilan da suka gudanar mulkin mallaka na duniya, kamar yadda ake samun su a duk nahiyoyin duniya, ban da Antarctica. Har zuwa yau, an gano nau'ikan tururuwa sama da 14,000,000, amma ana tsammanin akwai wasu da yawa. Wasu daga cikin waɗannan nau'in tururuwa sun haɓaka tare da wasu nau'in, suna haɓaka alaƙar alaƙa da yawa, gami da bautar.
Tururuwa sun yi nasara sosai, a wani ɓangare, godiya ga ƙungiyarsu mai rikitarwa, ta zama sarkin sarauta inda guda ɗaya ke da aikin haifuwa da dawwamar da nau'in. Idan kun sami wannan batun mai ban sha'awa, muna gayyatar ku don ci gaba da karanta wannan labarin ta PeritoAnimal, inda zamu yi bayani, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa, yadda tururuwa ke haifuwa, ƙwai nawa tururuwa ke sakawa kuma sau nawa suke haifuwa.
Al'ummar tururuwa: eusociality
O sunan kimiyya na tururuwa é masu kashe-kashe, kuma gungun dabbobi ne waɗanda ke tsara kansu a cikin zaman lafiya, mafi girma kuma mafi rikitarwa na tsarin zamantakewa a duniyar dabbobi. An halin da kungiyar caste, daya kiwo dayan kuma rashin haihuwa, wanda galibi ake kiranta da ma'aikaci. Irin wannan al'umma tana faruwa ne kawai a cikin wasu kwari, kamar tururuwa, ƙudan zuma da kudan zuma, wasu crustaceans kuma a cikin wani nau'in dabbobi masu shayarwa, berayen tsirara (cutar heterocephalus).
Tururuwa suna rayuwa cikin walwala, kuma suna tsara kan su ta yadda tururuwa ɗaya (ko da yawa, a wasu lokuta) ke aiki azaman mace mai kiwo, ga abin da jama'a suka sani da "Sarauniya ". 'Ya'yansa mata (ba' yan uwansa mata ba ne) ma'aikata ne, suna yin ayyuka kamar kula da zuriya, tattara abinci da gini da fadada tururuwa.
Wasu daga cikinsu suna da alhakin kare mulkin mallaka kuma, maimakon ma'aikata, ana kiransu tururuwa sojoji. Sun fi ma'aikata girma, amma sun fi ƙanƙanta da sarauniya, kuma suna da ƙwaƙƙwaran ci gaba.
Haihuwar tururuwa
Don bayyana haifuwar tururuwa, za mu fara daga wani balagagge mallaka, a cikin abin da sarauniya tururuwa, ma'aikata da sojoji. Ana ɗaukar tururuwa a matsayin balaga idan tana da kusan Shekaru 4 na rayuwa, dangane da nau'in tururuwa.
Lokacin haifuwar tururuwa yana faruwa a duk shekara a cikin yankuna masu zafi na duniya, amma a cikin wurare masu sanyi da sanyi, kawai a lokacin yanayi mafi zafi. Idan sanyi ya yi, mazaunin zai shiga rashin aiki ko bacci.
Sarauniya na iya sakawa qwai marasa haihuwa a duk tsawon rayuwarsa, wanda zai ba da hanya ga ma'aikata da sojoji, nau'in ɗaya ko ɗayan ana haife shi gwargwadon homon da abinci da aka cinye a farkon matakai biyu na rayuwarsa. Wadannan tururuwa halittu ne na haploid (suna da rabin adadin chromosomes na jinsin). tururuwa sarauniya na iya kwanciya tsakanin ƙwai ɗaya zuwa dubu da yawa a cikin 'yan kwanaki.
A wani lokaci, tururuwa ta sarauniya tana sanya ƙwai na musamman (mai shiga tsakani na hormone), duk da cewa suna kama da sauran. Waɗannan ƙwai na musamman ne saboda sun ƙunshi sarauniya da maza na gaba. A wannan gaba, yana da mahimmanci a nanata cewa mata mutane ne haploid kuma maza diploid ne (yawan adadin chromosomes na nau'in). Wannan saboda ƙwai ne kawai da zai samar da maza ne ake yin takin. Amma ta yaya zai yiwu a yi takin su idan babu maza a mazaunin tururuwa?
Idan kuna sha'awar irin wannan dabbobin, duba: Dabbobi 13 mafi ban mamaki a duniya
Jirgin Bindal na Ants
Lokacin da sarauniya da maza na gaba za su girma kuma su haɓaka fikafikan su a ƙarƙashin kulawar mazaunin, idan aka ba da yanayin yanayin yanayin zafin jiki, sa'o'i na haske da zafi, maza suna tashi daga gida su taru a wasu yankuna tare da wasu maza. Lokacin da kowa ke tare, da jirgin amarya na tururuwa, daidai yake da cewa su ne dabbobin da ke kwanciya, inda suke yin motsi da sakin pheromones wanda ke jan hankalin sabbin sarauniya.
Da zarar sun isa wannan wurin, suna haɗuwa kuma yin kwafi. Mace na iya yin aure da maza ɗaya ko da yawa, dangane da nau'in. Haɗin tururuwa na ciki ne, namiji yana shigar da maniyyi a cikin mace, sai ta ajiye shi a cikin maniyyi har sai an yi amfani da shi ga sabon ƙarni na tururuwa masu haihuwa.
Lokacin da kwafi ya ƙare, maza suna mutuwa kuma mata suna neman wurin binnewa da buya.
Haihuwar sabon mulkin tururuwa
Mace mai fuka -fuki wacce ta yi kwaɗayi lokacin ƙwallon amarya kuma ta sami nasarar ɓoyewa za ta kasance karkashin kasa har karshen rayuwarka. Waɗannan lokutan farko suna da mahimmanci kuma masu haɗari, saboda dole ne ta tsira tare da kuzarin da ta tara yayin girma a cikin asalin mulkinta kuma har ma tana iya cin fikafikanta, har sai ta sa ƙwayayen ƙwayayenta marasa haihuwa, wanda zai haifar da na farko. ma'aikata.
Ana kiran waɗannan ma'aikata ma'aikatan jinya, sun yi ƙasa da na al'ada kuma suna da gajeriyar rayuwa ('yan kwanaki ko makonni). Za su kasance masu kula da fara ginin tururuwa, tattara kayan abinci na farko da kula da ƙwai da za su samar da ma'aikata na dindindin. Ta haka ne ake haifar da mulkin tururuwa.
Idan kuna son sanin yadda tururuwa ke haifuwa, duba kuma: Yawancin kwari masu guba a Brazil
Idan kuna son karanta ƙarin labarai makamantansu Yadda Tururuwa Ta Hayayyafa,, muna ba da shawarar cewa ku shiga ɓangaren Curiosities na duniyar dabbobi.