Rarraba dabbobi masu kashin baya

Wadatacce

• Yaya rarrabuwa na dabbobi masu kashin baya
• Dabbobi masu rarrafe bisa ga rarrabuwa na Linnean gargajiya
• Superclass Agnatos (babu jaws)
• Superclass Gnatostomados (tare da jaws)
• Superclass na Tetrapoda (mai ƙarewa huɗu)
• Dabbobi masu rarrafewa bisa ga rarrabuwa
• Ƙarin misalai na dabbobin daji
• Sauran nau'ikan rarrabuwa na dabbobin daji

Dabbobi masu tsattsauran ra'ayi sune waɗanda ke da kwarangwal na ciki, wanda zai iya zama kasusuwa ko cartilaginous, kuma na cikin subphylum na chordates, wato suna da igiyar dorsal ko notochord kuma sun ƙunshi gungun dabbobi masu yawa, gami da kifi da dabbobi masu shayarwa. Waɗannan suna raba wasu halaye tare da sauran subphyla waɗanda ke yin ƙira, amma suna haɓaka sabbin fasalulluka waɗanda ke ba da damar rabuwa da su a cikin tsarin rarrabuwar kai.

An kuma kira wannan rukunin craneados, wanda ke nufin kasancewar kwanya a cikin waɗannan dabbobin, ko na kashi ne ko na guringuntsi. Duk da haka, wasu masana kimiyya sun ayyana kalmar a matsayin tsohuwar. Ƙididdigar rayayyun halittu da tsarin rarrabuwa sun ƙiyasta cewa akwai nau'ikan halittu sama da 60,000, ƙungiya daban -daban waɗanda ke mamaye kusan dukkanin tsirran halittun ƙasa. A cikin wannan labarin ta PeritoAnimal za mu gabatar muku da rarrabuwa na dabbobin daji. Kyakkyawan karatu!

Yaya rarrabuwa na dabbobi masu kashin baya

Dabbobi masu rarrafewa suna da hankali, iya aiki mai kyau kuma suna iya yin motsi daban -daban saboda haɗin tsokoki da kwarangwal.

Vertebrates an san su fahimta, ta hanya mai sauƙi:

• Kifi
• 'yan amphibians
• dabbobi masu rarrafe
• tsuntsaye
• Dabbobi masu shayarwa

Koyaya, a halin yanzu akwai nau'ikan rarrabuwa na dabbobi masu rarrafe: Linnean gargajiya da cladistic. Kodayake ana amfani da rarrabuwa na Linnean a al'adance, binciken baya -bayan nan ya kammala cewa rarrabuwa a bayyane yana kafa wasu ƙa'idodi daban -daban dangane da rarrabuwa na waɗannan dabbobin.

Baya ga bayanin waɗannan hanyoyi guda biyu na rarrabe dabbobin da ke rarrafe, za mu kuma gabatar muku da rarrabuwa dangane da ƙarin halaye na ƙungiyoyin invertebrate.

Dabbobi masu rarrafe bisa ga rarrabuwa na Linnean gargajiya

Rarraba Linnean shine tsarin da aka yarda da shi a duk duniya ta ƙungiyar masana kimiyya wanda ke ba da hanya m da amfani don rarrabe duniyar halittu masu rai. Koyaya, tare da ci gaba musamman a fannoni kamar juyin halitta sabili da haka a cikin ilimin halittar jini, dole ne wasu canje -canje da aka ƙaddara akan wannan layin su canza tsawon lokaci. A karkashin wannan rarrabuwa, an raba kasusuwan kasusuwa zuwa:

Superclass Agnatos (babu jaws)

A cikin wannan rukunin, mun sami:

• Cephalaspidomorphs: wannan ajin ya riga ya shuɗe.
• Hyperartios: a nan zo fitilar fitila (kamar nau'in Petromyzon marine) da sauran dabbobin ruwa, tare da gaɓoɓin jiki da gelatinous.
• Masu hadawa.

Superclass Gnatostomados (tare da jaws)

Anan an haɗa su:

• Placoderms: ajin da ya riga ya ƙare.
• Acanthodes: wani ajin da ya mutu.
• Chondrites: inda ake samun kifin cartilaginous kamar shark blue.Prionace glauca) da stingray, kamar su Aetobatus narinari, tsakanin wasu.
• osteite: Su ne fiye da aka sani a matsayin fitar kasusuwan jikinsu kifi, daga cikinsu za mu iya ambaci jinsunan Plectorhinchus vittatus.

Superclass na Tetrapoda (mai ƙarewa huɗu)

Membobin wannan superclass ma suna da baki. Anan mun sami rukunin dabbobi daban -daban masu rarrafe, wanda ya kasu kashi huɗu:

• 'yan amphibians.
• dabbobi masu rarrafe.
• tsuntsaye.
• Dabbobi masu shayarwa.

Waɗannan dabbobin sun sami nasarar haɓaka a cikin duk wuraren da ake iya zama, ana rarraba su ko'ina cikin duniyar.

Dabbobi masu rarrafewa bisa ga rarrabuwa

Tare da ci gaban karatun juyin halitta da haɓaka bincike a cikin ƙwayoyin halittar jini, rarrabuwar kawuna ta bayyana, wanda ke rarrabe bambancin halittu masu aiki daidai gwargwado dangantakar juyin halitta. A cikin wannan nau'in rarrabuwa akwai kuma bambance -bambance kuma zai dogara ne akan abubuwa da yawa, don haka babu cikakkun ma'anoni don ƙungiya daban -daban. Dangane da wannan yanki na ilmin halitta, ana rarrabe kasusuwan kasusuwa kamar haka:

• Cyclostomes: kifaye marasa jaw kamar hagfish da fitila.
• Chondrites: kifin cartilaginous kamar sharks.
• actinopterios: kifin kasusuwa kamar kifi, kifin kifi da eel, da sauransu da yawa.
• Dipnoos: kifin huhu, kamar kifin salamander.
• 'yan amphibians: toads, frogs da salamanders.
• Dabbobi masu shayarwa: kifaye, jemagu da kyarkeci, da sauran su.
• Lepidosaurians: kadangare da macizai, da sauransu.
• Makarantu: kunkuru.
• archosaurs: kada da tsuntsaye.

Ƙarin misalai na dabbobin daji

Ga wasu misalai na dabbobin da ke cin kashin baya:

• Dabbar dolphin (Sotalia guianensis)
• Jaguar (Panthera onca)
• Giant Anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla)
• Quail na New Zealand (Coturnix novaezelandiae)
• Pernambuco Cabure (Glaucidium mooreorum)
• Kyarkeci Maned (Chrysocyon brachyurus)
• Mikiya mai launin toka (Urubinga coronata)
• Hummingbird mai kunnen doki (Colibri serrirostris)

A cikin wannan labarin na PeritoAnimal, zaku iya ganin ƙarin misalai na dabbobin daji da jujjuyawar dabbobi da hotuna da yawa na dabbobin daji.

Sauran nau'ikan rarrabuwa na dabbobin daji

Vertebrates an haɗa su wuri ɗaya saboda sun yi tarayya azaman fasalin gama gari kasancewar wani kwanyar kafa da ke ba da kariya ga kwakwalwa da kasusuwa ko kasusuwa na kasusuwa wanda ke kewaye da kashin baya. Amma, a gefe guda, saboda wasu takamaiman halaye, ana iya rarrabe su gabaɗaya cikin:

• Agnates: ya haɗa da mixines da fitila.
• Gnatostomados: inda ake samun kifaye, ƙwaƙƙwaran kasusuwa suna jawed da ƙarshensu waɗanda ke yin ƙira da tetrapods, waɗanda duk sauran kasusuwa ne.

Wata hanyar rarrabe dabbobi masu kashin baya shine ta hanyar ci gaban mahaifa:

• amniotes: yana nufin ci gaban amfrayo a cikin jakar da ke cike da ruwa, kamar yadda yake a cikin dabbobi masu rarrafe, tsuntsaye da dabbobi masu shayarwa.
• anamniotes: yana haskaka lamuran da amfrayo ba ya haɓaka a cikin jakar da ke cike da ruwa, inda za mu iya haɗa kifaye da dabbobi masu rarrafe.

Kamar yadda muka iya nuna, akwai wasu bambance -bambance tsakanin tsarinrarrabuwa dabbobi masu rarrafe, sannan wannan yana nuna matakin rikitarwa da ke wanzu a cikin wannan tsari na ganowa da haɗa nau'in halittu na duniya.

A wannan ma'anar, ba zai yiwu a kafa cikakken ma'auni a cikin tsarin rarrabuwa ba, duk da haka, zamu iya samun ra'ayin yadda aka rarrabe dabbobi masu rarrafe, muhimmin al'amari don fahimtar ƙarfinsu da juyin halittarsu a cikin duniyar.

Yanzu da kuka san menene dabbobi masu rarrafe kuma ku san nau'ikan rarrabuwarsu, kuna iya sha'awar wannan labarin akan musanyawar tsararraki a cikin dabbobi.

Idan kuna son karanta ƙarin labarai makamantansu Rarraba dabbobi masu kashin baya,, muna ba da shawarar cewa ku shiga ɓangaren Curiosities na duniyar dabbobi.