Dabbobin da ke cikin haɗari a cikin Pantanal

Mawallafi: John Stephens
Ranar Halitta: 25 Janairu 2021
Sabuntawa: 17 Disamba 2024
Anonim
learning english through short stories level 0 ⭐ In the mountains
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Wadatacce

Lokacin magana game da Pantanal, menene ke zuwa zuciyar ku? mutane da yawa suna tunani jaguars, alligators ko manyan kifi. Gaskiyar ita ce, wannan kwayar halittar - wadda aka sani ita ce mafi yawan damuna a duniya - tana da bambancin tsirrai da dabbobi.

Koyaya, duk wannan dukiyar tana rayuwa a ciki barazana akai, ko saboda yawaitar gobara, fadada noma ko farauta ba bisa ka’ida ba. Saboda haka, akwai babban haɗari cewa adadin dabbobin da ke cikin haɗari a cikin Pantanal.

A cikin wannan labarin ta PeritoAnimal, za mu nuna muku waɗanne dabbobi ke cikin haɗari, waɗanda tuni sun shuɗe kuma abin da za a iya yi don hana sauran dabbobin ɓacewa daga yanayi. Duba!


Menene Pantanal?

Pantanal yana daya daga cikin halittun halittu shida da ake dasu a Brazil, tare da Amazon, Caatinga, Cerrado, Dajin Atlantika da Cerrado. Yankinsa shine 150,988 km², wanda ke wakiltar 1.8% na jimlar yankin ƙasar Brazil.[1]

Kodayake ƙarami idan aka kwatanta da sauran abubuwan tarihin ƙasar Brazil, kar a yaudare ku. Don haka kuna da ra'ayi, Pantanal yana da yankin da ya fi Girka, Ingila ko Portugal kuma ya ninka girman Panama sau biyu.

ina Pantanal

Yana cikin yankin Midwest, yana nan a cikin birane 22 a Mato Grosso da Mato Grosso do Sul, ban da Paraguay da Bolivia. Halittar halittu ta yi fice don kasancewar kasancewar al'ummomin gargajiya, kamar mutane 'yan asalin ƙasar da maroons, wanda a tsawon shekaru ya taimaka wajen yada al'adun Pantanal.


Tana kan babban ɓacin rai wanda ke cikin Babban Kogin Kogin Paraguay. A lokacin ruwan sama mai ƙarfi, da Kogin Paraguay ya cika kuma yana ambaliya babban yankin ƙasa kuma yankunan da aka shuka suna ambaliya. Lokacin da ruwa ya sauko, ana kiwon shanu kuma ana girbe sabbin amfanin gona ana shuka su, wannan shine dalilin da ya sa yankin ya shahara da kamun kifi, dabbobi da amfanin gona.

Fauna da Flora

don girman ku bambancin halittu (flora da fauna), Pantanal Gadon Ƙasa ne ta Tsarin Mulkin Tarayya kuma an ɗauke shi a matsayin Biosphere da Al'adun Al'adun Dan Adam ta UNESCO, wanda baya hana karuwar sare itatuwa da lalata. Kashi 4.6% ne kawai na yankin ke samun kariya daga sassan kiyayewa.


Kasancewar ɗimbin tsirrai da dabbobi iri -iri, kamar dabbobi masu shayarwa, dabbobi masu rarrafe, dabbobi masu rarrafe, tsuntsaye da kwari suma sun kasance saboda wurin gata da tasirin tsirrai da dabbobin daji daga dajin Amazon, dajin Atlantika, Chaco da Cerrado.

Aƙalla akwai nau'ikan tsirrai 3,500, nau'in dabbobi masu shayarwa 124, nau'in tsuntsaye 463 da nau'in kifi 325.[2]Amma jerin dabbobin da ke cikin haɗari na ci gaba da ƙaruwa, galibi saboda aikin ɗan adam.

Baya ga rashin isasshen aikin da ba a saba yi ba na ƙasa, ana samun ƙarfafawa, farauta da kamun kifi ta fataucin fata da nau'ikan da ba a saba gani ba. Iyaka da sauran ƙasashen Kudancin Amurka na ƙara haɗarin haɗarin muhalli. DA fadada noma da gobara An gano su a matsayin manyan barazanar biome. Tsakanin watan Agusta da Satumba 2020, an sami adadin gobara a yankin, wanda ya lalata kwatankwacin filayen kwallon kafa sama da miliyan biyu.[3]

Dabbobin da ke cikin haɗari a cikin Pantanal

A cewar Cibiyar Kula da Rayayyun Halittu ta Chico Mendes, wata hukumar kula da muhalli ta gwamnati wacce ke cikin Ma'aikatar Muhalli, akwai nau'in dabbobi 1,172 da ke barazanar gushewa a Brazil. Daga cikin jimlar, 318 suna cikin halin da ake ɗauka mai mahimmanci, wato suna cikin babban haɗarin ɓacewa daga yanayi.[2]

Yana da mahimmanci kada ku rikitar da dabbobi cikin haɗari, wato waɗanda har yanzu suna nan amma suna cikin haɗarin ɓacewa, tare da waɗanda ke sun riga sun shuɗe a cikin yanayi (wanda aka sani kawai ta halittar kamammu) ko ɓacewa (wanda babu shi yanzu). A cikin rukunin barazana, ana iya rarrabe nau'in a matsayin: m, haɗari ko cikin haɗari.

A ƙasa, bari mu san dabbobin da ke zaune a cikin Pantanal kuma waɗanda ke cikin haɗarin halaka bisa ga Red List na Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Duniya don Kula da Yanayi da albarkatun ƙasa (IUCN) da Cibiyar Chico Mendes. Na ƙarshe kawai a cikin jerin shine dabbar da ta ƙare. Ya kamata a lura cewa wannan shine hoton hoton halin da aka bincika har zuwa rufe wannan labarin.[4]

1. Jaguarpanthera onca)

Hakanan ana kiranta jaguar, shine na uku mafi girma cat a duniya. Shi ƙwararren mai iyo ne kuma yana zaune a cikin koguna ko wuraren tafkin. Zai iya kaiwa kilo 150 kuma yana da cizo mai ƙarfi da kisa. Dabba ce mai cin nama, wacce ke sanya ta a saman sarkar abinci.

Abin jan hankali ne na yawon buɗe ido ga duk wanda ke sha'awar yanayi, amma abin takaici har ma ga mafarauta, wannan shine dalilin da ya sa jaguar ke cikin jerin sunayen nau'ikan da ke cikin haɗari a Brazil. Baya ga farauta, karuwar birane da asarar muhallin su na asali saboda sare itatuwa kara barazanar bacewa.

2. Kyarkeci (Chrysocyon brachyurus)

Shi ne mafi yawan dabbobi masu shayarwa 'yan asalin Kudancin Amurka kuma ana iya samun su a cikin Pantanal, Pampas da Cerrado. Halayensa da halayensa na zahiri sun sa ya zama na musamman kuma na musamman.

3. Vinegar Kare (Speothos venaticus)

Yana da ƙanƙantar da jiki, gajeru, kafafu masu ƙarfi, kunnuwa masu zagaye, gajeriyar wutsiya da kuma repertoire mai faɗi. Kada ku sami sauti daban -daban cewa zai iya fitowa.

4. Uwar (Pteronura brasiliensis)

Hakanan an san shi da kyarkeci na kogi, jaguar ruwa ko katon otter. Dabba ce mai cin nama tare da dabi'un semiaquatic. Nau'in yana cikin haɗarin halaka musamman saboda asarar mazauninsa. Yana da fararen alamomi a kan makogwaro, wanda ke ba da damar rarrabewa tsakanin kowane mutum. Wutsiya ta zama lebur cikin sifar filafili don taimakawa cikin iyo. Hakanan yana da gajerun gashi tare da launin ruwan kasa ko launin ruwan kasa da faffadan ƙafafu da membranes waɗanda ke shiga yatsun kafa.

5. Maraba (Blastocerus dichotomus)

Ana samuwa a cikin Pantanal, amma kuma yana zaune a cikin Amazon da Cerrado. Ita ce babbar barewa a Latin Amurka kuma tana iya yin nauyi har zuwa kilo 125 kuma ta kai tsayin mita 1.80. An kiyasta cewa Kashi 60% na jinsinsa sun riga sun shuɗe saboda farauta da asarar wani bangare na mazauninsu. Wannan shine dalilin da yasa yake fuskantar haɗarin zama ɗaya daga cikin dabbobin da ke cikin haɗari a cikin Pantanal.

6. Dambar Pampas (Ozotoceros bezoarticus leucogaster)

Jikinsa yana auna tsakanin 80 zuwa 95 cm kuma yana iya yin nauyi har zuwa kilo 40. Maza suna da antler da ke yin girma a lokacin haifuwa. Yana da zobe na farin fur a kusa da idanu da kunnuwa masu launin fari a ciki. Kai fur ne orange akan sauran jiki, sai dai farin ciki da bakar wutsiya. Ba kasafai yake samar da manyan ƙungiyoyi ba kuma galibi ana ganin shi kaɗai ko a cikin ƙungiyoyi har zuwa mutane 6.

7. Jacu mai launin ruwan kasapenelope ochrogaster)

Babban tsuntsu ne mai dogon fuka -fuki da jela, tare da fulawar da aka hada da fararen ratsi, kafafu masu haske da baki mai duhu, kuma zai iya auna har zuwa cm 77. Yana da ja ja kuma ba kasafai ake ganin sa a yanayi ba saboda halayen sa na nesa, wani abu daban da na sauran Jacus. O sare itatuwa da farautar haram su ne manyan dalilan da ke iya yiwuwa ta gushewa. A wani labarin PeritoAnimal za ku iya samun ƙarin bayani game da tsuntsayen da ke cikin haɗari.

8. Haqiqa baki (Sporophila maximilian)

Wannan tsuntsu yana tsakanin santimita 14.5 zuwa 16.5. Har ila yau ana kiranta ƙwanƙolin ƙwanƙolin arewa, ƙwanƙwasa na gaske ko baƙar fata, yana zaune a cikin wuraren kiwo, ambaliyar ruwa, hanyoyi tare da shrubs, gefunan gandun daji, fadama, bakin kogi da tabkuna, a bayyane a wuraren da ke kusa da ruwa, musamman inda akwai ciyawa da shinkafa, matattarar su abinci a dabi'a. Kai magungunan kashe qwari da ake amfani da su a shinkafa an yi nuni da su a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin dalilan da suka sanya wannan dabbar a cikin jajayen jerin dabbobin da ke haɗarin halaka.

9. Tafi (Tapirus terrestris)

Yana da mafi yawan dabbobi masu shayarwa a BrazilTsayinsa ya kai mita 2.40 kuma yayi nauyin kilo 300. Wani suna da yake samu shine tapir. Kadaici, tapir na iya rayuwa har ya kai shekaru 35.Wani abin sha'awa game da ita shine lokacin cikinta, wanda ke ɗaukar sama da shekara guda kuma yana iya kaiwa kwanaki 400.

10. Babban Armadillo (Maximus Priodonts)

Wannan nau'in yana da wuya kuma yana rayuwa tsakanin shekaru 12 zuwa 15 a matsakaita. Yana da doguwar, wutsiyar wutsiya da aka rufe da kananan garkuwoyi masu kusurwa. Daga cikin manyan barazana ga katon armadillo akwai gobara, noma, sare itatuwa da farauta.

11. Margaya (Leopardus wiediiá)

Dabbar tana nan a cikin dukkanin halittun halittu a Brazil, amma galibi tana da alaƙa da yanayin gandun daji. Wannan nau'in yana da manyan idanu, fitattun idanu, huɗu masu fitowa, manyan kafafu da jela mai tsayi sosai. Ƙafarsu ta baya suna da haɗin gwiwa na musamman masu sassauƙa, suna ba da damar juyawa har zuwa digiri 180, wanda ke ba shi ikon da ba kasafai ake samu ba tsakanin dabbobin da ke saukowa daga bishiya. kai ƙasa.

12. Giant Dabba (Myrmecophaga tridactyla Linnaeus)

Ana iya ganin dabba ba kawai a cikin Pantanal ba, har ma a cikin Amazon, Cerrado da dajin Atlantika. Nau’in yana da dabi’ar ƙasa kuma yana keɓe ban da uwa tare da zuriyarta, lokacin shayarwa, da lokacin kiwo, lokacin da za a iya kafa ma’aurata. Gobarar, da noma da sare itatuwa sune manyan dalilan da ke kawo barazana ga katon dabbar.

13. Puma ko cougar (Pco concolor)

Dabba ce ta ƙasa da za a iya samu a yankuna daban -daban na Amurka. Bugu da ƙari, yana ɗaya daga cikin dabbobin da suka fi dacewa da nau'ikan mahalli daban -daban. Yana da rigar beige mai taushi a duk jikin, in ban da yankin ciki, wanda ya fi sauƙi. An haifi ppan kwikwiyo da launin ruwan kasa mai duhu da idanu masu shuɗi. Girma da nauyi sun bambanta gwargwadon yankin abin da ya faru. Very agile, da puma na iya tsalle daga ƙasa a tsawo na 5.5 m.

14. Mikiya mai launin tokaCutar Corona)

Yana da girma kuma yana tsakanin 75 zuwa 85 cm, yana yin nauyi har zuwa kilo 3.5. Tsuntsu babba yawanci yana da gubar launin toka, da ƙari mai siffar kambi da gajeriyar wutsiya tare da ƙungiya mai launin toka ɗaya.

Kashewa: Ƙananan Hyacinth Macaw (Annoorhynchus glaucus)

Ƙananan macaw hyacinth hakika ya ƙare. Ana iya rikita shi da sauran macaws na hyacinth: macaw mai shuɗi (Cyanopsitta spixii), wanda ya ƙare daga daji, wanda ke ƙarƙashin kulawar ɗan adam kawai; Macaw na Lear (Annoorhynchus leari), wanda ke cikin haɗari cikin daji; da Hyacinth Macaw (Anoororhynchus hyacinthinus), wanda ke fuskantar barazana bacewa a yanayi. Ta yi fice saboda kyawun kyaun ta, wanda a kodayaushe ya sa mafarauta ke kwadayin ta sosai. A ƙasa mun sami zane na abin da wannan nau'in zai kasance, wanda abin takaici shine ɓangare na jerin dabbobin da ke cikin haɗari.

Yadda za a hana bacewar dabbobi

Kamar yadda muka riga muka ambata, Pantanal biome yana da wadataccen arziki a cikin fauna da tsirrai. Kuma da kiyaye muhallin halittu, flora, fauna da microorganisms, suna ba da tabbacin dorewar albarkatun ƙasa, wanda ke tasiri ga rayuwar mu mutane a doron ƙasa.

Bacewar dabbobi yana shafar duka sarkar abinci, haifar da rashin daidaituwa a yanayi. Bincike da yawa kuma sun nuna cewa raguwar nau'in dabbobi da tsirrai iri -iri yana da illa ga yawan abubuwan da ke haifar da yanayin ƙasa kamar gurɓatawa da canjin yanayi.

Hatta ƙarshen dabbobin da ke cin abinci musamman akan 'ya'yan itatuwa, waɗanda ake kira frugivores, suma suna daidaita ikon gandun daji na wurare masu zafi don ɗaukar carbon dioxide (CO2) daga yanayin, yana hanzarta dumamar yanayi.[5]

Don hana gushewar dabbobi, sani yana da mahimmanci. Ya zama dole a yaki farauta ba bisa ka'ida ba, sare itatuwa, kashe gobara da kuma yin taka -tsantsan da gine -gine a wuraren da ake ganin mazaunin dabbobi ne na dabi'a. Jefa datti a wuraren da ya dace yana da mahimmanci don gujewa tuntuɓar dabbobi tare da wasu samfuran ko ma mutuwa ta asphyxia tare da zubar da filastik ba daidai ba, misali. [6]

Hakanan akwai wasu ayyuka da yawa don adanawa da tallafawa haɓakar nau'in dabbobin da zaku iya tallafawa, ban da Ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu (NGOs).

Duk dabbobin da ke cikin haɗari

Ana iya samun bayanai kan dabbobin da ke cikin haɗarin halaka a:

  • Littafin Red na Cibiyar Chico Mendes: takarda ce da ke ɗauke da jerin duk nau'in Brazil ɗin da ke barazanar ɓacewa. Don samun dama gare shi, ziyarci gidan yanar gizon ICMBio.
  • Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Duniya don Kula da Yanayi da Albarkatun Ƙasa (IUCN): shafin, cikin Turanci, yana ba da filin bincike inda zaku iya shigar da sunan dabbar da kuke son sani.

A cikin wannan labarin PeritoAnimal, duba wasu dabbobin da ke cikin hatsari a Brazil.

Idan kuna son karanta ƙarin labarai makamantansu Dabbobin da ke cikin haɗari a cikin Pantanal,, muna ba da shawarar ku shigar da sashen Dabbobin mu na Ƙarshe.