Dabbobi 15 masu rarrafe - Halaye da misalai

Wadatacce

• Menene pollination?
• Ire -iren tsaba
• pollination kai tsaye
• Cross pollination
• wucin gadi pollination
• masu kwarkwasa
• 1. Ƙudan zuma
• 2. Tururuwa
• 3. Fulawa ta tashi
• 4. Butterflies
• 5. Bumblebee ko haske mai launin rawaya mai wutsiya
• 6. Wasfi
• 7. Sauro
• 8. Coleoptera
• Dabbobi Masu Rarraba Ƙwayoyin Ƙwari
• 9. Hummingbirds
• 10. Lemur
• 11. Ranar Mauritius da aka ƙawata gecko
• 12. Gulma
• 13. Jemage mai dogon hanci
• 14. Tsuntsaye na gidan Nectariniidae
• 15. Bera shinkafa

A yanayi, kowanne daga cikin dabbobi da tsirrai na cika wani takamaiman aiki don kiyaye daidaiton yanayin halittar da suke ciki. Gabatar da canje -canjen da suka shafi kowace alƙarya na nufin rarrabuwar mazaunin nau'in kuma, a lokuta da yawa, wannan yana jefa rayuwarsu cikin haɗari.

Kai dabbobin pollinator taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin yanayin muhalli, kun san menene? Don gano, muna gayyatar ku don karanta labarin da ke gaba, inda ku ma za ku iya samu fasali da misalai na manyan dabbobin da ke zubar da jini.

Menene pollination?

Haihuwar yawancin nau'in tsiro yana faruwa ta hanyar jima'i, wato yana buƙatar haɗuwar sel na mace da na namiji don ya faru da hadi. Ana samun waɗannan sel a cikin pollen (namiji), don haka suna buƙatar jujjuya su zuwa pistil na furanni (mace), inda hadi ke faruwa kuma, bayan wannan tsari, furen ya zama 'ya'yan itace tare da tsaba.

Don haka, lokacin da muke magana game da haɓakar shuka, galibi yana buƙatar sa hannun wani ɓangare na uku, wanda aka sani da "wakilin pollinating"don yin hakan.

Waɗannan wakilai masu ƙazantawa na iya zama kwari, wasu dabbobi har ma da abubuwan halitta kamar ruwa da iska. Dangane da nau'in dabbobi, sun sami a daidaita tare da flora kuma sun samo asali ne tare, ta yadda tsirrai suka sami damar samar da furanni masu ƙamshi daban -daban, sifofi da launuka don jawo hankalin wakilan masu shayarwa don ciyar da tsirrai.

Lokacin da dabbobi ke cin tsirrai, kai pollen ba tare da son rai ba akan kafafuwansu, fikafikansu ko wani sashin jikinsu. Ta hanyar rufe kansu da pollen, suna sanya shi a kan fure na gaba da suke ci, suna barin abu ya isa pistil don a kammala aikin haihuwa. Yanzu, idan aka zo batun gurɓata ƙasa, akwai hanyoyi daban -daban, wasu sun haɗa da sa hannun dabbobi wasu kuma ba sa so, don haka ya kamata ku san iri -iri. iri pollination cewa akwai.

Ire -iren tsaba

wadannan daban ne iri pollination cewa akwai:

pollination kai tsaye

Har ila yau ana kiranta kai-pollination, yana faruwa lokacin da pollen daga fure ke motsawa zuwa pistil na wannan fure. Yana iya zama autogamy ko geitogamy.

• Auren mata da yawa: yana faruwa lokacin da gamete namiji da mace suka fito daga fure ɗaya.
• Geitogamy: yana faruwa lokacin da gametes na maza da mata suka fito daga furanni daban -daban, amma iri ɗaya; wato ana fitar da pollen daga wannan fure zuwa wani na shuka iri ɗaya. An haɗa wakilan pollinating daban -daban (dabbobi, ruwa ko iska).

Cross pollination

A cikin wannan nau'in pollination, ana jigilar pollen wani nau'in zuwa pistil na furen wani nau'in. Wakilan da ke ba da gudummawa suna da mahimmanci ga wannan tsari kuma, ya danganta da wanda ke da alhakin safarar pollen, za mu fuskanci iri -iri iri na tsaba.

Waɗannan ƙananan ƙananan sune:

• abiotic pollination: yana faruwa godiya ga sa hannun dabbobi. Zai iya zama ornithophilic (tsuntsaye), zoophilic (dabbobi masu shayarwa) ko entomophilic (kwari).
• abiotic pollination: yana faruwa godiya ga tsoma bakin ruwa (hydrophilic) ko iska (anemophilic), wakilan da ke da alhakin safarar pollen da bazata, ko dai zuwa shuka ɗaya ko ga wasu, don haka akwai lokutan da gurɓataccen gurɓataccen iska yake, bi da bi, subtypepe na kai-pollination.
• Gurɓataccen faɗakarwa. Tsarin yana da sauƙi: kwari yana manne wa furen da tafin ƙafafunsa yana murɗa fikafikansa; sakamakon motsi na jijjiga yana taimakawa wajen cire kumburin pollen.

wucin gadi pollination

Shi ne wanda ke faruwa tare da tsoma bakin mutane. Ana aiwatar da shi don dalilan samar da aikin gona ko lokacin da kuke son samun takamaiman halaye a cikin shuka da ake magana. Dan Adam yana shiga tsakani yayin aiwatarwa kuma yana bin matakan don cimma sakamakon da ake tsammanin. Yana da akasin gurɓataccen ɗabi'a, wanda aka bayyana a cikin nau'ikan da subtypes na baya.

Yanzu da kuka san nau'ikan pollination daban -daban, lokaci yayi da za a nuna waɗanne dabbobi ne ke da alhakin shiga tsakani a cikin wannan aikin.

masu kwarkwasa

Za mu fara wannan jerin dabbobin da ke lalata da kwari, mafi sanannun dabbobi a cikin aikin pollinate furanni. A ƙasa, mun ambaci manyan kuma sanannun kwari masu ƙazantawa, tare da halayensu:

1. Ƙudan zuma

Ƙudan zuma, na dangin Apoidea, kwari ne waɗanda za a iya samunsu a duk faɗin duniya. Muhimmancin ƙudan zuma kamar masu kwarkwasa yana daya daga cikin manyan damuwar a matakin muhalli. Muna magana ne game da ɗaya daga cikin mahimman dabbobi, saboda suna taka muhimmiyar rawa ba wai kawai don daidaita daidaiton yanayin ƙasa ba, har ma a cikin samar da abinci na ɗan adam, saboda suna da alhakin lalata nau'ikan nau'ikan da aka noma don amfani. Kowane nau'in kudan zuma da ke wanzu yana da alhakin cika wannan aikin.

2. Tururuwa

Tururuwa suna cikin gidan Formicidae kuma kwari ne na zamantakewar euro, wato, suna da ingantaccen tsarin zamantakewa, wanda kowane memba ke taka rawa a kusa da adon sarauniyar tururuwa.

Daga cikin abincin da tururuwa ke ci akwai furanni, don haka bayar da gudummawa ga pollination, ko da yake a cikin adadi kaɗan. A mafi yawan lokuta, suna cikin dabbobin da ke kadawa da pollen a bayansu, wato suna iya ɗaukar wasu daga cikin pollen bisa kuskure a bayan ka. Haka kuma, dabbobi ne da ke gurɓatawa da watsa iri, kamar yadda galibi suke ba da gudummawa wajen jigilar su.

3. Fulawa ta tashi

Syrphids, sunayen dangi na kwari masu dipterous wanda kuma ake kira kwari kwari, suna da faɗin duniya da yawa. Bugu da ƙari, kamannin su na waje yana ba su damar zama kuskuren ƙudan zuma. Waɗannan ƙudaje gaba ɗaya sun fi son fararen furanni ko rawaya, kuma akwai wasu nau'ikan da ciyar kawai akan tsirrai na musamman furanni. Ta hanyar ciyar da wannan tsirrai, suna ba da gudummawa ga jigilar pollen.

4. Butterflies

Butterflies suna cikin tsari Lepidoptera, wanda ya haɗa da asu da sauran kwari. Akwai kusan nau'ikan 165,000, yawancinsu ana samun su tsakanin dabbobi. masu sharar dare, ko da yake akwai kuma iri iri.

Don fitar da tsirrai daga furanni, malam buɗe ido suna da kayan aikin bakin a cikin bututu mai tsayi, wanda ake kira spirothrombus, wanda suke tsotsa da shi don ciyarwa. Godiya ga wannan, suna iya jigilar pollen zuwa furanni daban -daban.

5. Bumblebee ko haske mai launin rawaya mai wutsiya

O bumblebee na kowa (bama -bamai na duniya) kwari ne mai kama da kudan zuma ta fuskar launi, domin jikinsa rawaya ne da baki, sai dai girmansa da villi. ciyar da nectar da pollen, wanda suke adanawa a yankunansu, wanda kungiyarsu tayi kama da na ƙudan zuma. Lokacin da ya cancanta, suna amfani da gurɓataccen iska.

6. Wasfi

A ƙarƙashin sunan wasps, an haɗa nau'ikan nau'ikan tsari na Hymenoptera. Suna auna kusan santimita biyar kuma suna da launin baƙar fata da rawaya, ban da a guba mai guba. Kodayake abincin wasps galibi yana cin nama, wani lokacin zai iya ciyar da nectar da safarar pollen da bazata.

7. Sauro

Ba duk sauro ne ke cin jini ba, a zahiri, mata ne kawai ke da jini. Maza, akasin haka, tsotse ruwan nono daga furanni kuma suna ba da gudummawa ga ƙazantar da iska. A Amurka kadai, an ba su aikin da za su lalata kusan nau'ikan nau'ikan tsirrai 400.

8. Coleoptera

Coleoptera an fi sani da irin ƙwaro kuma zauna cikin Duniya tun lokacin Permian. Akwai kusan nau'ikan 375,000 waɗanda aka rarraba kusan a duk faɗin duniya, suna da girma dabam da tabarau, ko da yake manyan bakin suna gano su a yawancin nau'in. Ƙudan zuma suna cin naman gwari, sauran kwari, tushen, itace, kayan lalata, furanni da pollen, sabili da haka, wasu nau'ikan suna ba da gudummawa ga aikin pollinating.

Dabbobi Masu Rarraba Ƙwayoyin Ƙwari

Yanzu, kun san cewa akwai wasu dabbobi banda kwari waɗanda ke da alhakin lalata furanni? Haka yake! A ƙasa, muna nuna wasu dabbobin da ba ƙwari ba:

9. Hummingbirds

Hummingbirds suna cikin dangin Trochilidae kuma suna mamaye da nahiyar Amurka, inda akwai kusan nau'ikan 300. An san su da ƙaramin girman su, tsayin baki da bakin ciki, da fuka -fukai masu iya motsawa cikin sauri mai ban sha'awa. Duk da haka, menene hummingbird ke ci? Duk nau'ikan hummingbirds ciyar da nectarsaboda haka, rawar da yake takawa tana da matukar muhimmanci. Musamman, suna cika wannan rawar tare da furanni masu sifar tubular, inda gemun su ke ba su damar isa ga abincin.

10. Lemur

Sunan lemurs ya haɗa da nau'ikan nau'ikan dabbobin da suka mamaye tsibirin Madagascar. Dabbobi ne masu sharar dare kuma ana sifanta su da idanuwansu masu haske da wutsiya mai sautin ringi. Abincin nau'in lemur ya bambanta, yana tasiri 'ya'yan itatuwa, ganye, ganye, pollen da nectar. Wadanda ke cin abincin pollen da tsirrai suna da muhimmiyar hanyar haɗi a cikin aikin gurɓatawa, kuma galibi dabbobi ne da ke ɗauke da pollen a bayansu, haɗe da rigar su, suna taimakawa wajen yaɗa shi.

11. Ranar Mauritius da aka ƙawata gecko

Kadangaren rana (Phelsuma ornata) wani nau'in dabbobi masu rarrafe ne ga Mauritius, wanda ke cikin kudu indiya. Nau'in yana auna santimita 12 kawai kuma yana da launi wanda zai iya bambanta tsakanin launin ruwan kasa, shuɗi da koren shuɗi a jiki, tare da ratsin launin ruwan kasa a gefe da sifar shuɗi, fari ko ja. Wannan nau'in lizard yana ciyar da kwari da invertebrates, amma kuma cinye pollen da nectar, saboda haka yana ba da gudummawa ga pollination.

12. Gulma

slugs ne molluscs na duniya wanda ke cikin oda Pulmonata. Koyaya, slugs ba su mamaye wani muhimmin matsayi idan aka zo batun gurɓataccen iska, saboda galibi suna ciyar da tsirrai ko sharar dabbobi, ban da gindin tsirrai, suna ba da gudummawa a matsayin pollinators a kaikaice ta hanyar rarrafe a kan furanni, zubar da pollen da jigilar shi zuwa wasu wurare.

13. Jemage mai dogon hanci

Jemage mai dogon hanci (Leptonycteris curasoae) jemage ne da ake rarrabawa a cikin kogo da dazukan Colombia, Venezuela da Aruba. yana ciyarwa 'ya'yan itatuwa, nectar da pollen na nau'o'i daban -daban, kasancewa mai sharar dare. Bugu da ƙari, yana ba da gudummawa azaman mai watsa iri.

14. Tsuntsaye na gidan Nectariniidae

Wanda ake kira suimangas da arañeros, dangin Nectariniidae ya ƙunshi nau'in tsuntsaye 144 waɗanda suka haɗa da flower nectar a matsayin babban abinci a cikin abincin su, kodayake yawancin su ma suna cin kwari. An rarraba nau'in a Afirka, Ostiraliya da Asiya, inda suka fi son wuraren da yanayin yanayin zafi yake. Godiya ga yawan jama'a da adadin nau'in da ke wanzu, suna wasa a muhimmiyar rawa ga fure fure.

15. Bera shinkafa

Beran shinkafa (nephelomys shaidan) wani nau'in bera ne da ake rarrabawa a Costa Rica da Panama. Ba a san kaɗan ba, amma an san cewa yana ci kananan fungi wanda ke girma a gindin bishiyoyi. Kodayake aikin raƙuman ruwa ya ragu, neman abincin su wata hanya ce ta ba da gudummawa ga bazata baza spores na pollen, ko dai a kusa da su ko ta hanyar kai su cikin riga ba tare da son rai ba.

Idan kuna son karanta ƙarin labarai makamantansu Dabbobi 15 masu rarrafe - Halaye da misalai,, muna ba da shawarar cewa ku shiga ɓangaren Curiosities na duniyar dabbobi.