Nau'in kerkeci da halayensu

Mawallafi: John Stephens
Ranar Halitta: 23 Janairu 2021
Sabuntawa: 20 Nuwamba 2024
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Wadatacce

Kyarkeci dabba ne mai cin nama, galibi ana ɗaukar shi dangin kare na gida (Canis lupus saba), duk da bayyanannun bambance -bambancen girma da hali.

Shin kun san cewa akwai daban -daban iri iri, kowanne da halayensa? An rarraba waɗannan nau'in a cikin yankuna daban -daban na duniya, wanda yawancinsu sun mamaye mafi girman matsayi a cikin sarkar abinci. Idan kuna sha'awar sanin wasu daban nau'in kyarkeci da ke wanzu, kar a rasa wannan labarin daga PeritoAnimal. Ci gaba da karatu!

Halaye na Wolf

Kyarkeci ya wanzu a Duniya kimanin shekaru 800,000. A wancan lokacin, an rarraba su ko'ina cikin duniya, gami da Amurka, Asiya da Turai. A yau, duk da haka, wannan ya canza. Ina kyarketai ke zama? Galibi a Amurka da ɓangaren Turai, musamman a yankin da ke Rasha, kuma suna zaune cikin fakitoci.


Daga cikin halayen kerkeci sun fito kamarsu karen gida. Bugu da ƙari, sun kai nauyi tsakanin 40 zuwa 80 kilo, ya danganta da nau'in kyarkeci, kuma ya mallaki babban jiki mai ƙarfi, kafafu masu tsoka, tare da muƙamuƙi mai ƙarfi tare da hakora masu kaifi.

kyarkeci yayi isa gudun tsakanin 10 zuwa 65 km/h, ban da samun damar yin tsalle mai girma, ya zama dole don shawo kan yanayin tsaunuka da kama abin da suke farauta. Hankalin ku yana haɓaka sosai, kuma idanunku suna da ikon gani cikin duhu saboda suna da tapetum lucidum, membrane mai iya tace ƙananan haske da ake samu a cikin yanayin duhu.

A gefe guda, da gashi na kyarkeci ne m, lokacin farin ciki da wuya. Ta wannan hanyar, yana kare su daga mummunan yanayi da ƙazanta, ban da sanya su ɗumi lokacin sanyi da hidimar kamanni.


Waɗannan su ne wasu halayen kerkeci. Na gaba, za mu yi magana dalla -dalla game da daban -daban kyarkeci cewa akwai.

iri na kerkeci

Akwai nau'o'i daban -daban da nau'ikan kerkeci da ake rarrabawa a sassa daban -daban na duniya, amma iri nawa ne? Za mu gaya muku a gaba.

A cikin jinsi Ƙasa, sun yi rajista 16 nau'ikan daban -daban, daga cikin su ruwan lupus. Wannan nau'in, bi da bi, yana yin rikodin nau'ikan nau'ikan 37 daban -daban, gami da giciye tsakanin karen gida da kerkeci mai launin toka. Akwai kuma Kennels mesomelas elongae, wani nau'i na nau'in masu ban mamaki, waɗanda ba kyarkeci ba ne amma dawakai, haka ma Canis simensis, wanda shi ma dan kwali ne.

Yanzu, kamar yadda ba duk nau'ikan da aka yi rijista da su ba Ƙasa kerkeci ne, iri nawa ne? A cewar ƙungiyoyin hukuma, binciken daban -daban da aka gudanar[1][2] kuma kamar yadda tarin bayanan toxicogenomics (CTD) ke nunawa, nau'ikan masu zuwa na musamman ne nau'in kyarkeci wanzu, wanda a ciki akwai nau'ikan daban -daban:


  • Gidan Anthus
  • Kennels yana nuna
  • gidajen kurkukun lycaon
  • gidajensa himalayensis
  • ruwan lupus
  • rufin rufi

A cikin sassan da ke tafe, za mu yi magana game da shahararrun nau'in da nau'ikan.

Grey Wolf (Canis lupus)

O ruwan lupus ko Kyarkeci nau'in jinsin karnuka masu cin nama ne wanda daga cikinsu ke saukowa da yawa daga cikin nau'ikan da suka ƙunshi nau'ikan kerkeci. A halin yanzu, ana rarraba wannan nau'in galibi a cikin Amurka, inda ya kasance daya daga cikin manyan dabbobin daji.

Ana rarrabe nau'in ta rayuwa a cikin fakitoci da ake sarrafawa ƙarƙashin tsarin zamantakewa. Godiya ga wannan ƙungiya, suna farauta da cin abinci tare. Wannan halin, duk da haka, ya rage yiwuwar rayuwarsu a wasu yankuna, saboda nau'in yana wakiltar haɗari ga gonaki da dabbobi.

Akwai nau'ikan nau'ikan kerkeci masu launin toka 10, kuma zamuyi magana akan wasu daga cikinsu a ƙasa.

Wolf Iberian (Canis lupus signatus)

Kyarkeci na Iberian (Canis lupus signatus) yana a subspecies na Gidan Lupus, Ƙarfafa zuwa tsibirin Iberian. An bayyana shi ta hanyar kai har zuwa kilo 50 da gabatar da sutura daban: launin ruwan kasa ko m a ciki, baki a baya kuma tare da madogara masu haske daga tsakiyar jiki zuwa jela.

Iberian yana ɗaya daga cikin mafi yawan nau'ikan kyarkeci a Spain. Abincinsa mai cin nama ya ƙunshi farautar tumaki, zomaye, boar daji, dabbobi masu rarrafe da wasu tsuntsaye, ban da ƙaramin rabo (5%) na kayan shuka.

Karnin wolf (Canus lupus arctos)

O Canus lupus arctos, ko kuma kyarkeci na Arctic, shine nau'in da zama kawai a canada da kuma Greenland. Girman su ya yi ƙasa da na sauran kyarketai kuma, a mafi yawan lokuta, suna auna kimanin kilo 45. A matsayin hanyar daidaita yanayin muhallin da yake rayuwa a cikinsa, irin wannan kerkeci yana da farar fata ko launin rawaya mai haske, wanda ke ba shi damar sauƙaƙe kanta cikin dusar ƙanƙara. Wannan kuma a subspecies na ruwan lupus.

Wannan nau'in yana rayuwa ne a cikin kogon dutse kuma yana ciyar da wasu dabbobi masu shayarwa da aka samu a yankunan Arctic, irin su muza, shanu da caribou, ban da farautar hatimi da gandun daji.

Wolf Wolf (Canis lupus arabs)

Wani nau'in kyarkeci shine kuren Larabawa (gidajen lupus arabs), wanda kuma shi ne gandun daji na wolf mai launin toka, kuma yana wanda yankin Sinai ya raba kuma a cikin ƙasashe da yawa na Gabas ta Tsakiya. Karamin kyarkeci ne na hamada yayin da yake auna kilo 20 kawai kuma yana cin naman gawarwaki da ƙananan dabbobi irin su kurege.

Sabanin abin da ke faruwa da sauran nau'in kerkeci, Balarabe baya yin kuka ko rayuwa cikin fakitoci. Fushinsu sepia ne zuwa launin ruwan kasa, duka a cikin sautunan haske don ba da damar kyawu a cikin yashi da wuraren duwatsu inda suke zama.

bakar kura

bakar kura na adalci bambancin rigar wolf mai ruwan toka (ruwan lupus. Kamar kyarkeci mai launin toka, an rarraba bakar fata a ko'ina cikin Arewacin Amurka, Asiya da Turai.

Wannan bambancin gashi yana faruwa ne saboda a maye gurbi wanda ya faru a cikin giciye tsakanin karnukan gida da karnukan daji. A baya, duk da haka, akwai bakar fata na Florida (Canis lupus floridanus), amma an bayyana cewa ya mutu a cikin 1908.

Wolf na Turai (Canis lupus lupus)

O ruwan lupus lupus shi ne mafi yawan tartsatsi iri -iri na wolf mai ruwan toka da ke wanzuwa. irin wannan kyarkeci yana zaune a babban ɓangaren Turai, amma kuma manyan yankuna na Asiya kamar China. Daga cikin jinsunan Turawa, shi ne daya daga cikin mafi girma, kamar yadda yake auna tsakanin kilo 40 zuwa 70. Tufafinsa sanannen mayafi ne mai ruwan toka mai ciki mai launi mai kauri.

Dangane da abincinta, kyarkeci na Turawa ya kasance mai farautar kurege, barewa, kura, barewa, awaki da namun daji.

Tundra Wolf (Canis lupus albus)

Daga cikin nau'ikan kerkeci da ke zaune a yankunan sanyi akwai ruwan lupus lupus ko tundra wolf. yana zaune a Tundra na Rasha da yankin Siberiya har zuwa isa Scandinavia. Yana auna tsakanin kilo 40 zuwa 50 kuma yana da doguwar riga mai ruɓi wanda ke ba shi damar tsira a cikin yanayin daskarewa.

Kyarkeci na tundra yana cin dabbobin daji, dawakai da dawakan arctic. Bugu da kari, nau'in makiyaya ne wanda ke tafiya bayan motsi na dabbobi waɗanda ke cikin abincin sa.

Kyarkeci na Mekziko (Canis lupus baileyi)

Wani nau'in kyarkeci shine Canis lupus baileyi, subspecies da ke zaune a cikin Amirka ta Arewa, inda ya gwammace ya zauna a cikin sahara da yanayin gandun daji. Nauyinta ya kai kilo 45 kuma mayafinsa yana da launuka da yawa, daga cikinsu akwai kirim, rawaya da baƙar fata.

Jinsin yana ciyar da shanu, hare, tumaki da beraye. Saboda suna kai farmaki ga shanu, an tsananta wa waɗannan kyarketai kuma a yau, ana ɗaukar su bace a yanayi, ko da yake akwai shirye -shirye daban -daban da aka yi niyyar haifuwarsu a zaman talala.

Baffin Wolf (Canis lupus manningi)

Wolf na Baffin (Canis lupus manningi) wani nau'in tsiro ne da ba a saba ganin irin sa ba Baffin Island, Kanada. Furfinta da girmanta sun yi kama da na kyarkeci na Arctic. Ba a san kaɗan game da wannan nau'in ba, amma yana ciyar da karusa da kurege.

Yukon Wolf (Canis lupus pambasileus)

Wani nau'in kyarkeci shine Canis lupus pambasileus, kuma ana kiranta wolf-of-yukón ko Alaskan baƙar fata. Tana zaune a Yukón, lardin Alaska wanda ya ba ta suna. Tsakanin ta manyan kyarkeci a duniya, zuwa zuwa nauyi har zuwa kilo 70.

An sifanta shi da suturar da ta haɗu da tabarau daban -daban, daga fari, launin toka, m da baƙar fata, launuka waɗanda aka rarraba su cikin rashin tsari a jiki.

Dingo (Canis lupus dingo)

Da dingo (Lupus dingo kennels) iri ne da aka rarraba ta Australia da wasu yankuna na Asiya. Karamin kyarkeci ne, mai nauyin kilo 32 kawai, kuma saboda wannan dalilin galibi ana ɗaukar shi kare kuma har ma ana ɗaukar shi a matsayin dabbar gida.

Tufafin dingo yana da launi iri ɗaya wanda ya bambanta tsakanin ja da rawaya. Bugu da kari, yana kuma yiwuwa a sami daidaikun mutane masu zabiya.

Vancouver Wolf (Canis lupus crassodon)

O Canis lupus crassodon é Yana zuwa tsibirin Vancouver, Kanada. Kamar kyarkeci na Arctic, yana da fararen rigar da ke ba shi damar yin ɓoyayyen kansa a cikin mahalli. Kodayake akwai karancin bayanai game da wannan nau'in kyarkeci, an san cewa yana rayuwa cikin fakitoci na mutane 35 kuma da wuya ya kusanci yankunan da mutane ke zaune.

Yammacin Wolf (Canis lupus occidentalis)

Yammacin Wolf (Canis lupus occidentalis) yana zaune a gabar Tekun Arctic Glacial zuwa Jihohi United. Yana daya daga cikin mafi girma nau'in kyarkeci, ya kai santimita 85 a tsayi, kodayake yana yin nauyi tsakanin kilo 45 zuwa 50.

Amma ga sutura, yana iya zama baki, launin toka ko launin ruwan kasa da fari. Abincinsa ya bambanta, yayin da yake ciyar da shanu, hare, kifi, dabbobi masu rarrafe, barewa da kura.

Red Wolf (Canis rufus)

Idan muka bar nau'ikan gungun kerkeci masu launin toka, a cikin nau'in kyarkeci mu ma muna samun rufin rufi ko ja kyarkeci. Yana rayuwa ne kawai a wasu yankuna Mexico, Amurka da Kanada, saboda yana cikin m halakar m saboda farautar nau'in da yake amfani da shi don abinci, shigar da samfura cikin mazauninsa da tasirin aikin hanyoyi.

An san jan kyarkeci da nauyin kimanin kilo 35 da gabatar da rigar tabo inda ake iya lura da wuraren ja, launin toka da rawaya. Suna ciyar da barewa, raccoons da beraye.

Kyarken Habasha (Canis simensis)

Har ila yau ana kiranta Abyssinian, the Canis simensis ko kyarkeci na Habasha a zahiri jackal ne kocoyote, saboda haka, baya ɗaukar kansa ɗaya daga cikin nau'ikan kerkeci. Yana rayuwa tsawon mita 3000 ne kawai a tsaunukan Habasha. Tana da ƙaramin girma, mai kama da kare, tana auna tsakanin kilo 10 zuwa 20. Hakanan, furfinta ja ne, tare da fararen tabo a ƙarƙashin wuyansa da baƙar wutsiya.

Suna zaune a cikin fakitoci da aka tsara ta matsayi. A halin yanzu, yana cikin hatsarin halaka saboda lalacewar mazauninsa da hare -haren da yake samu daga mutane don nisanta shi daga dabbobi.

Kudan zinare na Afirka (Canis anthus)

Kwallon Kwallon Afirka (Gidan Anthus) wani nau'in kyarkeci ne da ake samu a nahiyar Afirka. Wannan kyarkeci ya dace da yanayin hamadar hamada, amma ya fi son zama a yankunan da ke da hanyoyin samun ruwa kusa.

Dangane da halayensa na zahiri, girmansa ya fi na sauran kerketai. Yana kimanin kilo 15 kuma tana da rigar duhu a bayanta da wutsiya, da launin yashi a kafafu da ciki.

Wolf na Indiya (Canis indica)

Kullun Indiya (Kennels yana nuna) daga Isra'ila, Saudi Arabia, India da Pakistan, inda ya fi son zama a yankunan da ba a hamada ba. Kyarkeci ne mai kamanni mai kamanni, saboda nauyinsa ya kai kilo 30 kawai, tare da rigar ja ko launin ruwan kasa mai haske, wanda ke ba da damar sanya shi cikin yashi da wuraren duwatsu.

Wannan nau'in kyarkeci yana ciyar da shanu musamman, wanda shine dalilin da yasa aka tsananta masa a Indiya tsawon ƙarni da yawa.

Wolf na Gabashin Kanada (Canis lycaon)

Wani nau'in kyarkeci shine kerkecin Gabashin Kanada (gidajen kurkukun lycaon), ku yana zaune a kudu maso gabashin Kanada. Wannan kyarkeci yana da rigar tauri, dogon gashi cikin baƙar fata da kirim mai sauƙi, wanda ake rarraba shi cikin rashin tsari a cikin jiki duka.

Wannan nau'in kyarkeci yana zaune a cikin gandun daji na Kanada, inda yake ciyar da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta kuma yana rayuwa cikin fakitoci. Hakanan shine a nau'in haɗari, saboda lalacewar mazauninsu da rarrabuwa na yawan jama'a wanda wannan ya haifar a cikin fakitoci.

Himalayan Wolf (Canis himalayensis)

Kullin Himalayan (gidajensa himalayensis) é daga Nepal da Arewacin Indiya. Suna zaune a cikin ƙananan al'ummomi kuma a halin yanzu akwai ƙaramin adadi na manyan mutane.

Dangane da bayyanarsa, ƙaramin kyarkeci ne. Tufafin sa yana da wahala kuma yana gabatarwa cikin inuwar haske na launin ruwan kasa, launin toka da kirim.

Karen cikin gida (Canis lupus saba)

Karen gida (Canis lupus saba) yana daya daga cikin dabbobin da suka yadu a duniya kuma yana cikin dabbobin da aka fi so. Halayen su na jiki sun bambanta tsakanin nau'ikan nau'ikan da aka sani waɗanda ke wanzu, waɗanda ke da manyan bambance -bambance a cikin girma, launi da nau'in sutura, halaye da tsawon rayuwa, da sauransu.

karen gida wani nau'i ne na daban. A asalinsa, sabbin dabaru na baya -bayan nan sun ba da shawarar cewa kare, kamar yadda aka sani a yau, sakamakon giciye ne tsakanin kerkeci na dingo, karnukan basenji da diloli. Koyaya, shekaru 14,900 da suka gabata, layin karnuka da kyarketai sun rarrabu, duk da cewa an san cewa sun haɗu da kakanni ɗaya. Daga wannan rarrabuwa, kowane nau'in ya haɓaka ta wata hanya dabam, kuma ana iya yin karen gida.

Idan kuna son karanta ƙarin labarai makamantansu Nau'in kerkeci da halayensu,, muna ba da shawarar cewa ku shiga ɓangaren Curiosities na duniyar dabbobi.