Nau'o'in Dinosaurs da suka kasance - Siffofi, Sunaye da Hotuna

Wadatacce

• Halayen Dinosaur
• Ciyar da dinosaur
• Ire -iren Dinosaurs da suka kasance
• Irin dinosaur ornithischian
• Thyrophore dinosaur
• Misalan Thyrophores
• Dinosaur na Neornithischian
• misalai na neornithischians
• Irin dinosaur saurisch
• Dinosaur na Theropod
• Misalai na yanayi
• dinosaur sauropodomorph
• Misalan sauropodomorphs
• Sauran Manyan dabbobi masu rarrafe na Mesozoic

dinosaurs a kungiyar masu rarrafe wanda ya bayyana sama da shekaru miliyan 230 da suka gabata. Waɗannan dabbobin sun bambanta a duk faɗin Mesozoic, suna haifar da nau'ikan dinosaurs iri daban -daban, waɗanda suka mamaye duk duniya kuma suka mamaye Duniya.

A sakamakon wannan rarrabuwar kawuna, dabbobi iri -iri, sifofi da halayen cin abinci sun bayyana, suna zaune a ƙasa da iska. kuna son saduwa da su? Don haka kar a rasa wannan labarin PeritoAnimal game da iri dinosaurs da suka wanzu: fasali, sunaye da hotuna.

Halayen Dinosaur

Dinosauria mai sarauta rukuni ne na dabbobin daji waɗanda suka bayyana a lokacin Cretaceous, kimanin shekaru miliyan 230-240 da suka gabata. Daga baya suka zama rinjayen dabbobin ƙasa da Mesozoic. Waɗannan su ne wasu halayen dinosaurs:

• haraji: dinosaur sune kasusuwa na rukunin Sauropsida, kamar duk dabbobi masu rarrafe da tsuntsaye. A cikin rukunin, ana rarrabe su azaman diapsids, saboda suna da ƙofofi biyu na ɗan lokaci a cikin kwanyar, sabanin kunkuru (anapsids). Bugu da ƙari, su archosaurs ne, kamar kada da na pterosaurs na zamani.
• Girman.
• Anatomy: tsarin ƙashin ƙugu na waɗannan dabbobi masu rarrafe ya ba su damar tafiya a miƙe, tare da dukan jiki da goyan bayan kafafu masu ƙarfi a ƙarƙashin jiki. Bugu da ƙari, kasancewar wutsiya mai nauyi sosai yana son daidaituwa kuma, a wasu lokuta, an yarda da bipedalism.
• Metabolism: da yawa daga cikin dinosaurs da suka wanzu na iya samun babban metabolism da endothermia (jinin ɗumi), kamar tsuntsaye. Wasu, duk da haka, za su kasance kusa da dabbobi masu rarrafe na zamani kuma za su sami ectothermia (jinin sanyi).
• haifuwa: sun kasance dabbobi masu rarrafe kuma sun gina gida inda suke kula da ƙwai.
• halayyar zamantakewa: wasu binciken sun nuna cewa dinosaurs da yawa sun kafa garke kuma suna kula da zuriyar kowa. Wasu, duk da haka, za su zama dabbobi kaɗai.

Ciyar da dinosaur

Duk nau'ikan dinosaurs da suka wanzu an yi imanin sun samo asali ne dabbobi masu rarrafe masu cin nama. Wato, mafi yawan dinosaurs na iya cin nama. Koyaya, tare da irin wannan babban rarrabuwa, akwai dinosaurs tare da kowane nau'in abinci: janar ciyawa, kwari, piscivores, frugivores, folivores ...

Kamar yadda za mu gani yanzu, a cikin duka ornithischians da saurischians akwai nau'ikan dinosaurs na ciyayi. Koyaya, mafi yawan masu cin nama suna cikin ƙungiyar saurisch.

Ire -iren Dinosaurs da suka kasance

A cikin 1887, Harry Seeley ya ƙaddara cewa za a iya raba dinosaur manyan ƙungiyoyi biyu, wanda ke ci gaba da amfani da shi a yau, kodayake har yanzu akwai shakku kan ko sun fi daidai. A cewar wannan masanin burbushin halittu, waɗannan su ne nau'ikan dinosaurs da suka wanzu:

• Ornithischians (Ornithischia): An san su da dinosaurs na tsuntsu-hip saboda tsarin ƙashinsu ya kasance mai kusurwa huɗu. Wannan sifar ta samo asali ne saboda gibin da ke fuskantar yankin na baya na jiki. Duk ornithischians sun ɓace yayin babban bala'i na uku.
• Saurischians (Sauriyya): sune dinosaurs tare da kwatangwalo. Gidan shagon nata, sabanin shari'ar da ta gabata, ta karkata zuwa yankin cranial, saboda ƙashin ta yana da siffa mai kusurwa uku. Wasu 'yan sauriyan sun tsira daga babban halakarwa ta uku: kakannin tsuntsaye, waɗanda a yau ana ɗaukar su a matsayin ƙungiyar dinosaur.

Irin dinosaur ornithischian

Dinosaurs na ornithischian duk ciyayi ne kuma zamu iya raba su guda biyu: thyrophores da neornithyschia.

Thyrophore dinosaur

Daga cikin duk nau'ikan dinosaur da suka wanzu, membobin suborder Thyreophora mai yiwuwa ne wanda ba a sani ba. Wannan rukunin ya haɗa da bipoda biyu (mafi tsufa) da kuma dinosaurs herbivorous quadrupedal. Tare da masu girma dabam, babban fasalin sa shine kasancewar wani makamai cikin kashibaya, tare da kowane irin kayan ado, kamar ƙaya ko faranti na ƙashi.

Misalan Thyrophores

• Chialingosaurus: sun kasance tsayin dinosaurs mai tsawon mita 4 an rufe su da faranti da kasusuwa.
• Ankylosaurus: Wannan dinosaur mai sulke ya auna tsawon mita 6 kuma yana da kulake a jelarsa.
• Scelidosaurus: sune dinosaurs tare da ƙaramin kai, doguwa mai tsayi sosai da baya ta garkuwar kasusuwa.

Dinosaur na Neornithischian

Ƙarƙashin yankin Neornithischia rukuni ne na dinosaur da ke da alaƙa hakora masu kaifi da enamel masu kauri, wanda ke nuna cewa sun ƙware wajen ciyarwa tsire -tsire masu wuya.

Koyaya, wannan rukunin ya bambanta sosai kuma ya haɗa da yawancin nau'ikan dinosaur da suka wanzu. Don haka, bari mu mai da hankali kan yin magana game da wasu nau'ikan nau'ikan wakilai.

misalai na neornithischians

• Iguanodon: shine sanannen wakilin infraorder Ornithopoda. Dinosaur ne mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi tare da ƙafafu masu ƙarfi da ƙyallen tauna mai ƙarfi. Waɗannan dabbobin suna iya auna har zuwa mita 10, kodayake wasu wasu ornithopods ƙanana ne (mita 1.5).
• Pachycephalosaurus. An yi imanin cewa da za su iya amfani da shi don kai farmaki ga wasu mutane iri ɗaya, kamar yadda shanu na musk ke yi a yau.
• Triceratops. Sun kasance dinosaur quadrupedal, sabanin sauran ceratopsids, waɗanda ƙanana da bipedal.

Irin dinosaur saurisch

Saurischians sun haɗa da duka iri dinosaurs masu cin nama da kuma wasu ciyawa. Daga cikin su, zamu sami ƙungiyoyi masu zuwa: theropods da sauropodomorphs.

Dinosaur na Theropod

Theropods (suborder Theropoda) sune dinosaur biped. Mafi tsufa sun kasance masu cin nama da masu farauta, irin su shahara Velociraptor. Daga baya, sun rarrabu, suna haifar da ciyayi da dabbobi masu rarrafe.

Wadannan dabbobin an sifanta su da samun kawai yatsun aiki guda uku a kowane ƙarshen da huhu ko huhu. Saboda wannan, sun kasance dabbobi sosai agile, kuma wasu sun sami ikon tashi.

Dinosaurs na Theropod ya haifar da kowane nau'in dinosaur masu tashi. Wasu daga cikinsu sun tsira daga babban ƙaƙƙarfan iyakar Cretaceous/Tertiary; su ne magabatan tsuntsaye. A zamanin yau, ana ganin cewa yanayin halittu bai ƙare ba, amma tsuntsaye suna cikin wannan rukunin dinosaur.

Misalai na yanayi

Wasu misalai na dinosaurs theropod sune:

• Tyrannosaurus.
• Velociraptor: Wannan mai cin nama mai tsawon mita 1.8 yana da manyan faratu.
• Gigantoraptor: dinosaur ne mai fuka -fuka amma ba zai iya ba wanda ya auna kusan mita 8.
• Archeopteryx: yana daya daga cikin tsoffin tsuntsayen da aka sani. Yana da hakora kuma tsawonsa bai fi rabin mita ba.

dinosaur sauropodomorph

Suburode Sauropodomorpha rukuni ne na manyan dinosaurs na herbivorous quadrupeds tare da dogon wutsiyoyi da wuyan wuya. Koyaya, mafi tsufa sun kasance masu cin nama, bipedal kuma ƙarami fiye da ɗan adam.

A cikin sauropodomorphs, suna cikin manyan dabbobin ƙasa da suka taɓa kasancewa, tare da mutane na har zuwa mita 32. Ƙananan sun kasance masu tsere masu ƙarfi, suna ba su damar tserewa masu farauta. Manyan kuma, a gefe guda, sun kafa garke inda manya ke kare matasa. Hakanan, suna da manyan wutsiyoyi waɗanda zasu iya amfani da su azaman bulala.

Misalan sauropodomorphs

• Saturnalia: ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin membobin farko na wannan rukunin, kuma ya auna ƙasa da rabin mita.
• apatosaurus. kwarin sihiri (ko kuma duniya kafin lokaci).
• Diplodocus.

Sauran Manyan dabbobi masu rarrafe na Mesozoic

Yawancin ƙungiyoyi masu rarrafe waɗanda ke rayuwa tare da dinosaur yayin Mesozoic galibi suna rikicewa da dinosaurs. Koyaya, saboda bambance -bambancen jikin mutum da taƙaddama, ba za mu iya haɗa su cikin nau'ikan dinosaur da ke akwai ba. Kungiyoyin masu rarrafe masu zuwa sune:

• pterosaurs: sune manyan dabbobi masu rarrafe na Mesozoic. Sun kasance, tare da dinosaurs da kada, ga ƙungiyar archosaurs.
• Plesiosaurs da Ichthyosaurs: sun kasance gungun masu rarrafe na ruwa. An san su da ɗaya daga cikin nau'ikan dinosaurs na ruwa, amma duk da cewa diapsid ne, ba su da alaƙa da dinosaur.
• Mesosaurs: su ma diapsids ne, amma suna cikin babban sarki Lepidosauria, kamar kadangare da macizai. An kuma san su da suna "dinosaurs" na ruwa.
• Pelicosaurus: sun kasance ƙungiyar synapsids kusa da dabbobi masu shayarwa fiye da masu rarrafe.

Idan kuna son karanta ƙarin labarai makamantansu Nau'o'in Dinosaurs da suka kasance - Siffofi, Sunaye da Hotuna,, muna ba da shawarar cewa ku shiga ɓangaren Curiosities na duniyar dabbobi.