Wadatacce
Tsuntsaye sune kasusuwa masu ɗumi-ɗumi kuma ana samun su a cikin ƙungiyar tetrapod. Ana iya samun sa kowane irin mazaunin kuma a duk nahiyoyi, har ma a mahalli mai sanyi kamar Antarctica. Babban halayensa shine kasancewar fuka -fuka da ikon tashi, kodayake ba duka bane zasu iya, saboda akwai wasu nau'in da suka rasa wannan ikon. A cikin duniyar tsuntsaye, akwai iri -iri iri dangane da ilimin halittar jiki (siffar jiki), launuka da girman fuka -fuka, sifofin baki da hanyoyin ciyarwa.
ka san daban nau'in tsuntsaye da ke wanzu da halayensu? Idan kuna son ƙarin sani game da wannan rukunin dabbobi masu ban mamaki, ci gaba da karanta wannan labarin ta PeritoAnimal, inda zamuyi magana game da nau'ikan tsuntsayen da ke cikin kowane ɓangaren duniya da cikakkun bayanai masu ban sha'awa.
Halayen tsuntsu
Tsuntsaye su ne zuriyar dinosaurs mafi kusa, waɗanda suka zauna a duniya kimanin shekaru miliyan 200 da suka gabata, a cikin Jurassic. Kamar yadda muka ambata, su ne dabbobin endothermic (masu ɗumi-ɗumi) waɗanda ke da fuka-fukai waɗanda ke rufe jikinsu gaba ɗaya, bakin baki (tare da ƙwayoyin keratin) kuma ba su da hakora. Gaban gabansa an daidaita shi don tashi kuma, a cikin yanayin nau'in tsuntsaye marasa tashi kamar jimina, kiwi ko penguins, an daidaita gabobin bayansa don gudu, tafiya ko yin iyo. Sassan jikinsu na musamman yana da sauye -sauye da yawa, galibi suna da alaƙa da tashi da hanyoyin rayuwarsu. Suna da halaye masu zuwa:
- kwarangwal mai haske: kwarangwal mai tsananin haske da ramukan kasusuwa wanda ke basu haske yayin tashi
- An inganta hangen nesa: Su ma suna da manyan da'irori masu yawa (ramukan da ake ajiye idanu), don haka ganinsu yana bunƙasa sosai.
- Bakin baki: tsuntsaye suna da gemun baki tare da bambance -bambancen da yawa, dangane da nau'in da yadda suke ciyarwa.
- sirinx: suma suna da syrinx, wanda wani bangare ne na kayan aikin su na baki kuma ta inda zasu iya fitar da sauti da waka.
- Chat da gizzard. tsuntsu ya hadiye don wannan manufa.
- kar a yi fitsari: ba su da mafitsara na fitsari, saboda haka, uric acid (ragowar daga kodar tsuntsaye) ana fitar da shi tare da sauran ragowar a cikin nau'in feces mai ƙarfi.
- fuskokin kasusuwa: Haɗin vertebrae, haɗin ƙashin ƙashi, da bambancin sternum da haƙarƙari don ɗaukar tsoffin jiragen sama.
- yatsu huɗu.
- Eggplants ko pellets: yawancin nau'ikan suna samar da egagropyle ko pellets, ƙaramin ƙamshin da aka yi amai wanda ragowar dabbobin da ba a lalata su suka kafa ba.
- kwan kwai: kamar yadda muka ambata a baya, tsarin haihuwarsu ta hanyar hadi ne na cikin gida kuma suna sa ƙwayayen ƙwai masu ƙwari waɗanda ke shiga cikin gidansu, kuma yawancin jinsuna suna rasa gashin ƙirjinsu a lokacin shiryawa don samar da ƙarin zafi ga kwai.
- Ana iya haifuwa da ko ba tare da gashinsa ba. A gefe guda, suna iya zama masu ƙima, lokacin da aka haife su tare da ƙasa waɗanda ke kare jikinsu, saboda haka, suna ɗan rage lokacin a cikin gida.
- Hanzarta narkewa da metabolism: samun haɓaka mai haɓakawa da haɓaka metabolism da narkewa suma daidaitawa ce ta jirgin sama.
- numfashi na musamman: musamman tsarin numfashi, saboda suna da huhu tare da jakar iska wanda ke ba su damar ci gaba da kwararar iska.
- ɓullo da tsarin juyayi: Kasance da ingantaccen tsarin juyayi, musamman kwakwalwa, wanda ke da alaƙa da ayyukan jirgin.
- Abinci iri -iri: mai alaƙa da abincin su, akwai bambanci iri -iri dangane da nau'in, wanda zai iya cinye tsaba, 'ya'yan itatuwa da furanni, ganye, kwari, gawarwaki (ragowar dabbobi) da tsirrai, waɗanda za su danganta kai tsaye da hanyoyin rayuwarsu.
- tsawon hijira: yawancin nau'in ruwa, kamar duhu parla (tashin hankali) yana da ikon yin ƙaura muddin abin ban mamaki, yana kaiwa fiye da kilomita 900 a kowace rana. Gano anan wanene tsuntsaye masu ƙaura.
nau'in tsuntsaye
a duniya akwai fiye da nau'in 10,000, kuma mafi yawansu sun bambanta lokacin Cretaceous, kimanin shekaru miliyan 145 da suka gabata. A halin yanzu, an haɗa su zuwa manyan layi biyu:
- Paleognathae: tare da kusan nau'ikan 50 da aka rarraba musamman a kudancin kudancin,
- Neognathae: ya hada da sauran nau'in da ke cikin dukkan nahiyoyin duniya.
A ƙasa, mun haɗa zane wanda ke nuna nau'in tsuntsayen da ke wanzuwa a sarari.
Misalan tsuntsayen Paleognathae
Daga cikin nau'in tsuntsaye Palaeognathae akwai:
- jimina (Struthio raƙumi): shine babban tsuntsu da za mu iya samu a yau kuma mai saurin gudu. Yana nan a yankin Saharar Afirka.
- rusa: kamar Rikicin Amurka, mai kama da jimina, kodayake karami ne. Sun rasa ikon tashi kuma suma ƙwararrun masu tsere ne kuma suna nan a Kudancin Amurka.
- inhambu-açu: kamar tinamus babba su ma suna nan a Tsakiya da Kudancin Amurka Suna yawo tsuntsaye kuma suna yin gajeren jirage lokacin da suke jin barazana.
- kasassara: kamar kashin kasassari, yanzu a Australia da New Guinea, da emu Dromaius novaehollandiae, yanzu a Oceania. Dukansu sun rasa ikon tashi kuma masu tafiya ne ko masu gudu.
- kiwi: endemic (kawai a wuri guda) na New Zealand, kamar Apteryx owenii. Ƙananan tsuntsaye ne masu ɗimbin yawa tare da halayen duniya.
Misalan tsuntsayen Neognathae
A Neognathae sun ƙunshi rukunin tsuntsaye masu banbanci da yawa a yau, don haka za mu sanya sunayensu sanannun wakilansu. Anan zamu iya samun:
- kaji: kamar babban gall, gabatar a duniya.
- Docks: kamar Anas sivilatrix, yanzu a Kudancin Amurka.
- kowa tattabara: kamar Columba na rayuwa, kuma an rarraba shi sosai, kamar yadda yake a yawancin duniya.
- kukku: kamar na kowa cuckoo Cuculus canorus, don haka m don aikata parasitism haihuwa, inda mata sa su qwai a cikin nests na sauran tsuntsaye. Anan kuma za ku sami masarrafar hanya Geococcyx californianus, masu sha'awar al'adun yankin su don ciyarwa.
- crane: tare da misalai kamar Grus Grus tare da girmanta da ikon yin ƙaura mai nisa.
- doki: misali larus occidentalis, tsaka-tsakin teku na teku tare da ɗayan manyan fikafikan fiɗa (nesa daga ƙarshen zuwa ƙarshen fikafikan).
- Tsuntsaye na ganima: kamar gaggafa ta sarauta, Aquila chrysaetos, nau’o’i masu girman gaske da matuƙar tashi, da mujiya da mujiya, kamar gaggafa na zinariya Aquila chrysaetos, hali don fatar jikinsa fari.
- penguins: tare da wakilan da zasu iya kaiwa tsayin 1.20 m, kamar sarki penguuin (Aptenodytes forsteri).
- herons: kamar Ardea alba, an rarraba shi sosai a duniya kuma ɗayan mafi girma daga cikin rukunin sa.
- hummingbirds: tare da kananan wakilai kamar Mellisuga ya karanta, yayi la'akari da ƙaramin tsuntsu a duniya.
- mai kamun kifi: kamar Alcedo da wannan.
Idan kuna son karanta ƙarin labarai makamantansu Nau'in tsuntsaye: halaye, sunaye da misalai,, muna ba da shawarar cewa ku shiga ɓangaren Curiosities na duniyar dabbobi.