Wadatacce
- Ire -iren kudan zuma da ke samar da zuma
- kudan zuma na turai
- Kudancin Asiya
- Dwarf Bee na Asiya
- ƙudan zuma
- Kudancin Philippines
- Koschevnikov kudan zuma
- Dwarf Asian Black Bee
- Nau'in ƙudan zuma
- Nau'in Ƙudan zuma na Brazil
- Nau'in ƙudan zuma: ƙarin koyo
A ƙudan zuma da ke yin zuma, kuma aka sani da ƙudan zuma, an haɗa su musamman a cikin jinsi Apis. Koyaya, zamu iya samun ƙudan zuma a cikin ƙabilar. meliponini, kodayake a wannan yanayin zuma ce daban, ba ta da yawa kuma tana da ruwa sosai, wanda a gargajiyance ake amfani da ita wajen magunguna.
A cikin wannan labarin PeritoAnimal, za mu nuna muku duka nau'in kudan zuma da ke samar da zuma kamar Apis, gami da waɗanda suka ƙare, tare da bayani game da nau'in, halayensu da hotuna.
Ire -iren kudan zuma da ke samar da zuma
Waɗannan su ne manyan nau'in kudan zuma da ke samar da zuma:
- Ƙudan zuma
- Kudancin Asiya
- Dwarf Bee na Asiya
- ƙudan zuma
- Kudancin Philippines
- Koschevnikov kudan zuma
- Dwarf Asian Black Bee
- Apis armbrusteri
- Abun lithohermaea
- Apis nearctica
kudan zuma na turai
DA kudan zuma na turai ko kudan zuma (Apis mellifera) wataƙila ɗayan shahararrun nau'in ƙudan zuma kuma Carl Nilsson Linneaus ya rarrabasu a cikin 1758. Akwai nau'ikan 20 da aka gane kuma asalinsu Turai, Afirka da Asiya, ko da yake ya bazu zuwa dukkan nahiyoyi, in ban da Antarctica. [1]
Akwai daya babbar sha'awa ta tattalin arziki bayan wannan nau'in, saboda tsarinta yana ba da gudummawa sosai ga samar da abinci na duniya, ban da samar da zuma, pollen, kakin zuma, jelly na sarauta da propolis. [1] Duk da haka, yin amfani da wasu magungunan kashe qwari, kamar alli polysulfide ko Rotenat CE®, yana cutar da nau'in, wanda shine dalilin da yasa yake da mahimmanci yin fare akan aikin gona da amfani da magungunan kashe ƙwari. [2]
Kudancin Asiya
DA asian ku (Apis cerana) yana kama da kudan zuma na Turai, yana ɗan ƙarami. Ita 'yar asalin kudu maso gabashin Asiya ce kuma tana zaune a kasashe da dama kamar China, India, Japan, Malaysia, Nepal, Bangladesh da Indonesia, duk da haka, an kuma gabatar da shi a Papua New Guinea, Ostiraliya da Tsibirin Solomon. [3]
Wani binciken da aka yi kwanan nan ya tabbatar da hakan kasancewar wannan nau'in ya ragu, galibi a Afghanistan, Bhutan, China, India, Japan da Koriya ta Kudu, da kuma samar da shi, galibi saboda canjin gandun daji a gonakin roba da dabino. Hakanan, ta kuma shafar gabatarwar Apis mellifera ta masu kiwon kudan zuma na kudu maso gabashin Asiya, saboda yana ba da babban aiki fiye da ƙudan zuma, yayin da yake haifar da dama cututtuka a kan kudan zumar Asiya. [3]
Yana da mahimmanci a jaddada hakan Apis nuluensis a halin yanzu ana ɗauke da ginshiƙai na Apis cerana.
Dwarf Bee na Asiya
DA dwarf asian kudan zuma (Apis florea) wani nau'in kudan zuma ne wanda aka saba rikita shi da Apis andreniformis, Hakanan asalin Asiya ne, saboda kamanceceniyarsu ta siffa. Koyaya, ɗayan membobinta na gaba na iya bambanta su, wanda ya fi tsayi sosai a cikin lamarin Apis florea. [4]
Tsibirin ya kai kusan kilomita 7,000 daga matsananci. gabas na Vietnam zuwa kudu maso gabashin China. [4] Koyaya, daga 1985 zuwa gaba, an fara lura da kasancewar sa a nahiyar Afirka, wataƙila saboda sufuri na duniya. Daga baya kuma an lura da yankuna a Gabas ta Tsakiya. [5]
Yana da yawa ga iyalai gaba ɗaya su ci gaba da cin zumar da waɗannan ƙudan zuma ke samarwa, kodayake wannan yana haifar da wani lokacin mulkin mallaka mutuwa saboda rashin kulawa mara kyau da kuma rashin sanin kiwon zuma. [6]
ƙudan zuma
DA ƙudan zuma ko kudan zuma na Asiya (Apis dorsata) ya fito musamman don nasa babban girma idan aka kwatanta da sauran nau'in ƙudan zuma, tsakanin 17 zuwa 20 mm. Yana zaune a yankuna masu zafi da na wurare masu zafi, galibi a kudu maso gabashin Asiya, Indonesia da Ostiraliya, yin kyawawan gida a rassan bishiyoyi, koyaushe yana kusa da hanyoyin abinci. [7]
Halayen tashin hankali na musamman an lura da su a cikin wannan nau'in yayin lokutan ƙaura zuwa sabon gida, musamman tsakanin mutanen da ke duba wuraren don gina gida. A cikin waɗannan lokuta, ana yin faɗa mai ƙarfi wanda ya haɗa da cizo, wanda ke haifar da mutuwar daidaikun mutane da hannu. [8]
Yana da mahimmanci a jaddada hakan apis mai wahala a halin yanzu ana ɗauke da ginshiƙai na Apis dorsata.
Hakanan ku san kwari masu guba a Brazil
Kudancin Philippines
DA Kudan zuma na Philippine (Apis nigrocincta) yana nan Philippines da Indonesia kuma auna tsakanin 5.5 da 5.9 mm.[9] Yana da nau'in cewa nests a cikin cavities, irin su ramukan da ba su da yawa, kogo ko tsarin ɗan adam, galibi suna kusa da ƙasa. [10]
kasancewar jinsi gane in mun gwada kwanan nan kuma yawanci rikicewa tare da Kusa da Apis, har yanzu muna da ƙaramin bayanai akan wannan nau'in, amma abin sha'awa shine jinsin da zai iya farawa sababbin amya a cikin shekara, kodayake akwai wasu abubuwan da ke haifar da wannan, kamar tsinkayar wasu nau'in, rashin albarkatu ko matsanancin yanayin zafi.[10]
Koschevnikov kudan zuma
DA Koschevnikov kudan zuma (Apis koschevnikovi) nau'in halittu ne na gama gari zuwa Borneo, Malaysia da Indonesia, saboda haka raba mazauninsa tare da Apis cerana Nuluensis. [11] Kamar sauran kudan zuma na Asiya, kudan zuma Koschevnikov galibi yana zaune a cikin ramuka, kodayake kasancewar sa a cikin muhalli yana cutar da shi sosai. sare itatuwa da tsire -tsire ke haifarwa shayi, man dabino, roba da kwakwa. [12]
Ba kamar sauran nau'in ƙudan zuma ba, wannan nau'in yana son yin kiwo ƙanana yankunan mallaka, wanda ke ba da damar wanzuwarsa a yanayi mai sanyi da ruwan sama. Duk da wannan, yana adana albarkatu cikin sauƙi kuma yana hayayyafa cikin hanzari yayin fure. [13]
Dwarf Asian Black Bee
DA kudan zuma mai duhu (Apis andreniformis) yana zaune a kudu maso gabashin Asiya, wanda ya mamaye China, Indiya, Burma, Laos, Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia da Philippines. [14] Yana daya daga cikin nau'in kudan zuma da ba a lura da shi ba tsawon shekaru, saboda an yi imani da cewa shi ne wani subspecies na Apis florea, wani abu da karatu da yawa suka karyata. [14]
Ita ce kudan zuma mafi duhu a cikin jinsinta. Ƙirƙiri yankunansu a ƙanana bishiyoyi ko bushes, yin amfani da ciyayi don kada a gane su. Yawancin lokaci suna gina su kusa da ƙasa, a matsakaicin matsakaicin mita 2.5. [15]
Nau'in ƙudan zuma
Baya ga nau'in ƙudan zuma da muka ambata, akwai wasu nau'ikan ƙudan zuma waɗanda ba sa rayuwa a duniyar nan kuma ana ɗaukar su bace:
- Apis armbrusteri
- Abun lithohermaea
- Apis nearctica
Nau'in Ƙudan zuma na Brazil
akwai shida nau'in ƙudan zuma da ke ƙasar Brazil:
- Melipona scutellaris: Har ila yau ana kiranta uruçu bee, nordestina uruçu ko urusu, an san su da girman su da kasancewa ƙudan zuma. Su ne irin na Arewa maso Gabashin Brazil.
- Abubuwa hudu masu zuwa: wanda kuma aka sani da mandaçaia kudan zuma, yana da ƙarfi da tsokar jiki kuma ya saba da yankin kudancin ƙasar.
- Bayanan Melipona: Har ila yau ana kiranta uruuu, yana da baƙar fata tare da ratsin launin toka. Sun shahara saboda yawan ƙarfin samar da zuma. Ana iya samun su a Yankunan Arewa, Arewa maso Gabas da Midwest na ƙasar.
- Rufiventris: wanda kuma aka sani da Uruçu-Amarela, ana iya samun tujuba a yankin arewa maso gabas da tsakiyar-kudancin ƙasar. Sun shahara saboda yawan ƙarfin samar da zuma.
- Nannotrigone testaceicornis: ana iya kiransa kudan Iraí, kudan zuma ne na asali wanda za a iya samu a kusan duk yankuna na Brazil. Suna daidaita da kyau a cikin birane.
- Tetragonisca mai kusurwa. Sanannen abu, an san zumarsa tana taimakawa tare da jiyya mai alaƙa da hangen nesa.
Nau'in ƙudan zuma: ƙarin koyo
Ƙudan zuma ƙananan dabbobi ne, amma suna da matuƙar mahimmanci don kiyaye daidaiton duniyar Duniya, saboda mahimman ayyukansu, kasancewarsu da pollination mafi fice. Shi yasa, a PeritoAnimal, muna ba da ƙarin bayani game da waɗannan ƙananan hymenoptera ta hanyar bayyana abin da zai faru idan ƙudan zuma ya ɓace.
Shawara: Idan kuna son wannan labarin, gano kuma yadda tururuwa ke haifuwa.