Wadatacce
- Menene haifuwar dabbobi?
- Matakan haifuwar dabbobi
- Nau'o'in hayayyafa na dabbobi
- Misalan haifuwar jima'i a cikin dabbobi
- Bambanci tsakanin jima'i da haihuwa
Dabbobi, a matsayin halittu daban -daban, suna bayyana kuma suna ɓacewa, amma nau'in da suke ciki yana ci gaba da wanzuwa. Wannan yana faruwa saboda godiya ga haifuwa, ɗayan mahimman ayyukan rayayyun halittu. A cikin mulkin dabbobi, za mu iya samun dabarun haihuwa guda biyu, haifuwar asexual da haifuwar jima'i, wanda ya fi yawa tsakanin dabbobi.
DA haifuwar jima'i ita ce dabarar haihuwa ta dabbobi, kodayake wasu na iya hayayyafa ta musamman ta hanyar dabarun lalata. Saboda haka, a cikin wannan labarin na PeritoAnimal, za mu yi bayani kan wanda shine jima'i na dabbobi.
Menene haifuwar dabbobi?
Haihuwar jima'i shine dabarun haihuwa da dabbobi da shuke -shuke da yawa ke amfani da su don haifar da sabbin mutane da dawwamar da nau'in.
Halayen da ke ayyana irin wannan haifuwar suna da yawa. Na farko, a cikin haihuwa mutane biyu suna da hannu, namiji daya da mace daya, sabanin yadda ake haihuwa, inda akwai guda daya. Dukansu suna da gabobin da ake kira gonads, wanda ke samar da gametes. Waɗannan gametes su ne ƙwayoyin jima'i, ƙwai da ovaries ke haifarwa a cikin mata da maniyyi da ƙwayayen maza ke samarwa.
Lokacin da kwai da maniyyi suka haɗu tare, zasu zama zygote. Ana kiran wannan ƙungiyar hadi. Haɗuwa na iya faruwa a ciki ko waje da dabbar, dangane da nau'in. Don haka akwai hadi na waje, wanda mata da maza ke fitar da gametes ɗin su a cikin yanayin ruwa don yin takin, kuma akwai hadi na ciki, wanda maniyyi ya hadu da kwan a cikin mace.
Bayan hadi, zygote da aka kafa zai sami 50% DNA na mahaifa da 50% DNA na uba, wato, zuriyar da haifuwa ta hanyar jima'i za ta samu kwayoyin halitta daga iyaye biyu.
Matakan haifuwar dabbobi
Haihuwar jima'i a cikin dabbobi ya ƙunshi matakai da yawa, farawa daga gametogenesis. Wannan sabon abu ya ƙunshi samarwa da bunƙasa gametes na mata da na maza a cikin gonads na mata da maza.
Daga kwayoyin cuta kuma ta hanyar wani nau'in rarrabuwa na sel wanda aka sani da meiosis, mata da maza suna ƙirƙirar gametes ɗin su. Yawan halitta da balaga na gametes zai dogara ne akan abubuwa da yawa, amma galibi akan nau'in da jinsi na mutum.
Bayan gametogenesis, hanyar da hadi ke faruwa shine mating. Ta hanyar aikin hormones, mutane masu shekarun haihuwa za su nemi haɗin gwiwar jinsi don saduwa da juna, kuma bayan zawarci, kwaɗayi zai faru a cikin dabbobin da ke da takin ciki. A cikin jinsin da ke da hadi na waje, za a fitar da gametes cikin muhallin don su yi takin.
Bayan hadi, mataki na ƙarshe na haifuwar jima'i yana faruwa, da hadi, wanda ya kunshi jerin canje -canjen kwayoyin halittar da ke ba da damar hadawar gwaiwar kwai da kwayar maniyyi.
Nau'o'in hayayyafa na dabbobi
Nau'o'in haɓakar jima'i da ke wanzu a cikin dabbobi suna da alaƙa da girman gametes ɗin da za su haɗu yayin hadi. Ta wannan hanyar, muna da isogamy, anisogamy da oogamy.
- A isogamy yana yiwuwa a banbance banbance wanda gamete namiji ne ko mace. Dukansu na iya zama ko na wayar hannu ko na motsi. Shi ne nau'in haifuwa na farko da ya fara bayyana a cikin tarihin juyin halitta, kuma yana da alaƙa da clamydomonas (algae guda ɗaya) da monocystis, wani nau'in protist. Ba ya faruwa a cikin dabbobi.
- DA anisogamy shi ne haɗin gametes masu girma dabam dabam. Akwai bambance -bambance tsakanin gametes na maza da mata kuma duka na iya zama na hannu ko na motsi. Wannan nau'in ya bayyana a juyin halitta bayan isogamy. Yana faruwa a cikin fungi, invertebrates mafi girma da sauran dabbobi.
- DA oogamy shi ne haɗin babban gamet ɗin mace mai girman gaske kuma ba ya motsawa tare da ƙananan gametes na maza. Shi ne nau'in haifuwa na ƙarshe da ya bayyana a tarihin juyin halitta. Yana da alaƙa da algae mafi girma, ferns, gymnosperms da dabbobi mafi girma kamar kasusuwa.
Misalan haifuwar jima'i a cikin dabbobi
Akwai misalai da yawa na haifuwar jima'i kamar yadda akwai nau'in dabbobi.
- Kai masu shayarwa, kamar karnuka, chimpanzees, kifayen ruwa da mutane, suna da hayayyafa ta jima'i tare da hadi na ciki da yin aure. Bugu da ƙari, su dabbobi ne masu ɗauke da rayayyun halittu, wannan shine dalilin da ya sa ci gaban mahaifa ke gudana a cikin mahaifa.
- A tsuntsaye, kodayake suna yin ƙwai saboda dabbobin da ba su da yawa, su ma suna bin dabarun haihuwa tare da oogamy.
- Kai dabbobi masu rarrafe, amphibians da kifi suna kuma haifar da jima'i, kodayake wasu nau'in suna bin dabarun lalata a wasu lokuta a rayuwarsu. Wasu suna oviparous wasu kuma suna ovoviviparous, yawancinsu suna da hadi na waje kuma da yawa suna da takin ciki.
- Kai arthropods su dabbobi ne masu fadi iri -iri, don haka a cikin wannan rukunin yana yiwuwa a sami hadi na ciki da na waje da lokuta na oogamy da anisogamy. Wasu na iya haifar da jinsi.
Kar a manta cewa akwai kuma dabbobin hermaphrodite, tare da gabobin haihuwa na mata da na maza, amma wanda kawai zai iya yin aiki kamar mace ko namiji yayin da ake yin jima'i. A wannan yanayin, hadi ba ya faruwa.
Bambanci tsakanin jima'i da haihuwa
Yanzu da kuka san menene halayen haɓakar jima'i, yana da mahimmanci ku san menene bambance -bambance tsakanin jima'i da haihuwa. Haihuwar Asexual dabarar haihuwa ce wacce ta sha bamban da haihuwa a wurare da dama. Na farko shine tsawon lokaci, a cikin haifuwa na jima'i tsawon lokacin ya fi guntu fiye da na jima'i.
Batu na biyu na banbanci, kuma mafi mahimmanci, shine sakamakon haifuwa ta asali shine mutane daidai da iyaye watau ba tare da canje -canjen DNA ba, clones. A taƙaice, a cikin haifuwar jima'i akwai mutane biyu, wato, kayan gado guda biyu daban -daban. Tare suna haifar da mutum na uku tare da kashi 50% na kayan halittar kowane mutum. A gefe guda kuma, a cikin haɓakar asexual ba a samar da gametes kuma sakamakon shine daidaikun mutane, ba tare da wani ci gaban kwayoyin halitta ba kuma zuriyar suna da rauni.
Dubi misalai 15 na dabbobin hermaphrodite da yadda suke hayayyafa a cikin wannan labarin na PeritoAnimal.
Idan kuna son karanta ƙarin labarai makamantansu Haihuwar jima'i na dabbobi: iri da misalai,, muna ba da shawarar cewa ku shiga ɓangaren Curiosities na duniyar dabbobi.