Haihuwa mai haihuwa - Nau'i da misalai

Wadatacce

• rarrabuwa rarrafe
• Juyin halitta na dabbobi masu rarrafe
• Dabbobi masu rarrafe
• Shin dabbobi masu rarrafe suna oviparous ko viviparous?
• Nau'o'in hayayyafa
• Misalan dabbobi masu rarrafe da haifuwarsu

A halin yanzu, tsatson da dabbobi masu rarrafe suka samo asali sun haɗa da rukunin dabbobin da aka sani amniotes, wanda ya ɓullo da wani mahimmin al'amari don samun damar rarrabe kansu gaba ɗaya daga waɗancan nau'in da suka dogara gaba ɗaya akan ruwa don haifuwa.

A cikin wannan labarin ta PeritoAnimal za mu yi bayanin komai game da haifuwa mai haihuwa, domin ku san wannan tsari na ilmin halitta a cikin waɗannan tsutsotsi. Za mu gabatar da nau'ikan da ke akwai kuma mu ba da misalai. Kyakkyawan karatu.

rarrabuwa rarrafe

Dabbobi masu rarrafe sune ƙungiya wacce akan saba samun nau'ikan rarrabuwa guda biyu:

• Layin: a cikin Linana, wanda shine rarrabuwa na gargajiya, ana la'akari da waɗannan dabbobin a cikin subphylum na kashin baya da ajin Reptilia.
• Kayan aiki: a cikin rarrabuwa, wanda ya fi na yanzu, ba a amfani da kalmar "mai rarrafe", amma gabaɗaya yana tabbatar da cewa dabbobin da ke rayuwa na wannan rukunin sune Lepidosaurs, Testudines da Arcosaurs. Na farko zai kunshi kadangare da macizai, da sauransu; na biyu, kunkuru; na uku kuma, kada da tsuntsaye.

Duk da cewa har yanzu ana amfani da kalmar “mai rarrafe”, musamman don amfanin sa, yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa an sake fasalta amfanin sa, a tsakanin wasu dalilai, saboda zai haɗa da tsuntsaye.

Juyin halitta na dabbobi masu rarrafe

'Yan Amphibians sun kasance masu kashin baya na farko da suka ci nasara a rayuwar rabin duniya cigaban juyin halitta na wasu halaye, kamar:

• To kafaffun kafafu.
• Canji na tsarin jijiyoyi da na numfashi.
• Kwaskwarimar tsarin kwarangwal, wanda zai iya kasancewa a cikin wuraren da ke cikin ƙasa ba tare da buƙatar ruwa don numfashi ko ciyarwa ba.

Koyaya, akwai wani bangare wanda har yanzu dabbobi masu rarrafewa suka dogara da ruwa gabaɗaya: ƙwai, kuma daga baya larvae, suna buƙatar yanayin ruwa don haɓaka su.

Amma zuriyar da ta ƙunshi dabbobi masu rarrafe ya samar da dabarar haihuwa ta musamman: haɓaka ƙwai tare da harsashi, wanda ya ba da damar masu rarrafe na farko su zama masu zaman kansu gaba ɗaya daga ruwa don aiwatar da tsarin haihuwarsu. Koyaya, wasu marubutan sun yi imanin cewa dabbobi masu rarrafe ba su kawar da alakar su da yanayi mai ɗaci don haɓaka ƙwai ba, amma yanzu waɗannan matakan za su faru a cikin jerin membranes waɗanda ke rufe amfrayo kuma cewa, ban da abubuwan da ake buƙata na gina jiki, suna kuma bayar da danshi da kariya.

Dabbobi masu rarrafe

A cikin wannan ma'anar, kwai mai rarrafe yana rarrabuwa da samun waɗannan sassan:

• Amon. Hakanan ana kiranta vesicle amniotic.
• allantoic: sannan akwai allantoide, jakar membranous wacce ke da aikin adana numfashi da sharar gida.
• Chorium: sannan akwai membrane na uku da ake kira chorion, ta inda oxygen da carbon dioxide ke yawo.
• haushi.

Don ƙarin bayani, muna ƙarfafa ku don karanta wannan labarin a kan halaye masu rarrafe.

Shin dabbobi masu rarrafe suna oviparous ko viviparous?

Duniyar dabbobi, ban da kasancewa mai ban sha'awa, shine halin bambancin, wanda ba a ganinsa kawai a cikin wanzuwar ɗimbin yawa, amma, a ɗaya ɓangaren, kowace ƙungiya tana da halaye da dabaru daban -daban waɗanda ke ba da tabbacin nasarar nazarin halittu. A wannan ma'anar, yanayin haihuwa na dabbobi masu rarrafe ya zama iri -iri, ta yadda babu tsayayyen tsayayyen tsari a cikin wannan tsari.

Dabbobi masu rarrafe suna nuna babban bambancin dabarun haihuwa fiye da sauran tsintsaye, kamar:

• Siffofin ci gaban amfrayo.
• Riƙe ƙwai.
• Parthenogenesis.
• Ƙaddarar jima'i, wanda za a iya danganta shi da abubuwan gado ko muhalli a wasu lokuta.

Gabaɗaya, dabbobi masu rarrafe suna da hanyoyin haifuwa guda biyu, ta yadda yawancin nau'in dabbobi masu rarrafe suna da yawa. mata sa kwai, domin tayi tayi girma a waje da jikin mahaifiyar, yayin da wani ƙaramin rukuni mai cutarwa, don haka mata za su haifi ɗiyan da suka riga suka bunƙasa.

Amma kuma an gano wasu abubuwa masu rarrafe da wasu masana kimiyya ke kira ovoviviparous, kodayake wasu kuma suna ɗaukar shi azaman nau'in viviparism, wanda shine lokacin haɓaka ƙwayar tayi yana faruwa a cikin mahaifiyar amma baya dogara da ita don abinci, wanda aka sani da lecytotrophic gina jiki.

Nau'o'in hayayyafa

Ana iya la'akari da nau'in haifuwar dabbobi daga mahanga da yawa. A wannan yanayin, yanzu bari mu san yadda ake haifuwa mai haihuwa.

Dabbobi masu rarrafe suna da haifuwar jima'i, don haka namiji daga cikin jinsin yana takin mace, don daga baya ci gaban tayi ya faru. Koyaya, akwai lokuta inda mata basa buƙatar yin takin don aiwatar da ci gaban amfrayo, wannan shine aka sani da parthenogenesis, wani taron da zai haifar da zuriyar ainihin mahaifiyar. Ana iya ganin shari'ar ta ƙarshe a cikin wasu nau'ikan geckos, kamar lizard spiny (binoei heteronoty) kuma a cikin nau'in masu liza masu saka idanu, dragon na musamman na Komodo (Varanus komodoensis).

Wata hanyar da za a yi la’akari da nau’o’in haifuwar dabbobi masu rarrafe ita ce ko hadi na ciki ne ko na waje. Game da dabbobi masu rarrafe, koyaushe akwai hadi na ciki. Maza suna da gabobin haihuwa da aka sani da hemipenis, wanda galibi ya bambanta daga wani nau'in zuwa wani, amma ana samun sa a cikin dabbar kuma, kamar yadda yake a cikin dabbobi masu shayarwa, yana fitowa ko tashi a lokacin kwaɗayi, don haka namiji ya gabatar da shi a cikin mace don takin ta.

Misalan dabbobi masu rarrafe da haifuwarsu

Yanzu bari mu dubi wasu misalai na nau'ikan iri daban -daban na haifuwa:

• Dabbobi masu rarrafe: wasu macizai kamar doki, kadangare kamar dodon Komodo, kunkuru da kada.
• ovoviviparous dabbobi masu rarrafe.
• Viviparous masu rarrafe: wasu macizai, irin su kudan zuma da wasu kadangaru, irin su Chalcides striatus, wanda aka fi sani da tridactyl-legged maciji da kadangaren halittar Mabuya.

Haihuwa mai ban sha'awa yanki ne mai ban sha'awa, idan aka ba da bambance -bambancen da ke akwai a cikin rukunin, waɗanda ba a taƙaita su ga nau'ikan haihuwa da aka ambata a sama ba, amma akwai wasu bambance -bambancen, kamar nau'in da, dangane da yankin da suke., na iya zama oviparous ko viviparous.

Misalin wannan shine zootoca na viviparous (Zootoca viviparous), wanda ke haifar da ɓarna a cikin al'ummomin Iberiya waɗanda ke cikin matsanancin yammacin Spain, yayin da waɗanda ke Faransa, Tsibirin Biritaniya, Scandinavia, Rasha da wani ɓangare na Asiya ke hayayyafa. Haka yake faruwa tare da nau'i biyu na kadangare na Australiya, bougainvilli lyricist kuma Saiphos equallis, wanda ke nuna hanyoyin haihuwa daban -daban dangane da wurin.

Dabbobi masu rarrafe, kamar sauran dabbobi, ba su daina ba mu mamaki da yawansu siffofin daidaitawa waɗanda ke neman ba da ci gaba ga nau'in da ke kunshe da wannan ƙungiya ta kasusuwa.

Idan kuna son karanta ƙarin labarai makamantansu Haihuwa mai haihuwa - Nau'i da misalai,, muna ba da shawarar cewa ku shiga ɓangaren Curiosities na duniyar dabbobi.