Wadatacce
- Abin da ya bambanta mutane da sauran dabbobi
- Shin dabbobi suna tunani ko aiki akan ilhami?
- Shin dabbobi suna tunani?
- Hankalin dabbobi: misalai
Mutane sun yi nazarin halayen dabbobi tsawon ƙarnuka. DA ilimin halitta, wanda shine abin da muke kira wannan yanki na ilimin kimiyya, yana da niyyar, tsakanin wasu abubuwa, don gano ko dabbobi suna tunani ko basa tunani, tunda ɗan adam ya mai da hankali ɗaya daga cikin batutuwan da suka bambanta ɗan adam da dabbobi.
A cikin wannan labarin ta PeritoAnimal, za mu yi bayanin manyan mahangar nazarin da ke neman tantance dabaru da dabarun fahimtar dabbobi. Shin dabbobi suna tunani? Za mu yi bayanin komai game da basirar dabbobi.
Abin da ya bambanta mutane da sauran dabbobi
Don isa ga ƙarshe game da ko dabbobi suna tunani ko a'a, abu na farko da za a yi shi ne ayyana abin da ake nufi da aikin tunani. "Tunani" ya fito ne daga Latin zai yi tunani, wanda ke da ma'anar aunawa, lissafi ko tunani. Kamus na Michaelis ya fassara tunani a matsayin "wasa da ikon yin hukunci ko ragi". Ƙamus ɗin yana nuna ma'anoni da yawa, daga cikinsu akwai abin da ke biye: "a hankali bincika wani abu don zartar da hukunci", "cikin tunani, niyya, niyya" da "yanke shawara ta hanyar yin tunani". [1]
Duk waɗannan ayyukan nan da nan suna nufin wani ra'ayi wanda tunaninsa ba zai iya rabuwa da shi ba, wanda kuma ba wani bane face na hankali. Ana iya ayyana wannan kalmar azaman ikon tunani wanda ke ba da izini koyi, fahimta, tunani, yanke shawara da samar da ra'ayi na gaskiya. Tabbatar da wane nau'in dabbobin da za a iya ɗauka mai hankali ya kasance batun nazari akai akan lokaci.
Dangane da bayanin da aka bayar, kusan dukkanin dabbobi ana iya ɗaukar su masu hankali saboda suna iya koyo kuma, a wasu kalmomin, daidaita da yanayin ku. Hankali ba kawai game da warware ayyukan lissafi ko makamancin haka ba. A gefe guda, wasu ma'anoni sun haɗa da ikon amfani da kayan kida, ƙirƙirar al'adu, wato, watsa koyarwa daga iyaye zuwa yara, ko kuma kawai jin daɗin kyawun aikin fasaha ko faɗuwar rana. Hakanan, ikon sadarwa ta harshe, koda lokacin amfani alamomi ko alamu, ana ɗauka alamar hankali kamar yadda yake buƙatar babban matakin abstraction don haɗa ma'ana da masu nuna alama. Hankali, kamar yadda muke gani, ya dogara da yadda mai binciken ya bayyana shi.
Tambayar basirar dabba yana da rigima kuma ya shafi bangarorin kimiyya da falsafa da addini. Wannan saboda, ta hanyar sanyawa mutane suna homo sapiens, zai zama ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da mutum zai iya fahimta da su abin da ya bambanta mutane da sauran dabbobin. Kuma, kuma, wanda ko ta yaya ya halatta cin zarafin sauran dabbobin, tunda ana ɗaukar su, a wata hanya, mafi ƙanƙanta.
Don haka, ɗabi'a a cikin binciken wannan batun ba za a iya watsi da shi ba. Hakanan yana da mahimmanci a haddace sunan horon kimiyya, da ilimin halitta, wanda aka ayyana a matsayin nazarin kwatancen halayyar dabbobi.
A gefe guda, karatu koyaushe yana da son zuciyaanthropocentric, saboda mutane ne suka yi su, su ma su ne suke fassara sakamakon ta mahangar su da kuma hanyar fahimtar su ta duniya, wanda ba lallai ba ne daidai da na dabbobi, wanda, misali, wari ya fi rinjaye ko ji. Kuma wannan ba a maganar rashin harshe, wanda ke iyakance fahimtarmu. Dole ne a kimanta abubuwan lura a cikin yanayin yanayi akan waɗanda aka kirkira a cikin dakunan gwaje -gwaje.
Har yanzu ana ci gaba da bincike kuma yana kawo sabbin bayanai. Misali, dangane da ilimin halin yanzu na Babban Shirin Farko, a yau ana tambayar waɗannan dabbobin don samun lasisin hakkokin da suka dace da su azaman hominids waɗanda suke. Kamar yadda muke iya gani, hankali yana da tasiri a matakin ɗabi'a da na doka.
Shin dabbobi suna tunani ko aiki akan ilhami?
La'akari da ma'anar tunani, don amsa wannan tambayar, ya zama dole a tantance ma'anar kalmar ilhami. Ilhamar tana magana akan halaye na asali, saboda haka, cewa ba a koya su ba amma ana watsa su ta hanyar kwayoyin halitta. Wato, ta hanyar ilhami, duk dabbobin iri iri za su amsa daidai gwargwado ga wani abin motsa jiki. Ilmi yana faruwa a cikin dabbobi, amma kada mu manta cewa suma suna faruwa a cikin mutane.
Binciken da aka gudanar tare da manufar warware batun yadda dabbobi suke tunani, gabaɗaya, an yi la'akari da cewa dabbobi masu shayarwa sun zarce, ta fuskar ilimin dabbobi, dabbobi masu rarrafe, dabbobi masu rarrafe da kifaye, wanda kuma, tsuntsaye sun zarce su. Daga cikinsu, dabbobin daji, giwaye da dabbar dolphin sun yi fice a matsayin masu hankali. Dorinar ruwa, wanda ake ganin ya mallaki dabbar dabbobi da yawa, ya keɓance wannan doka.
A nazarin tunanin dabba, an kuma tantance ko suna da ikon yin tunani ko a'a. O yin tunani ana iya bayyana shi azaman kafa alaƙa tsakanin ra'ayoyi ko ra'ayoyi daban -daban don isa ga ƙarshe ko yanke hukunci. Dangane da wannan bayanin manufar, zamu iya la'akari da cewa dabbobi suna yin tunani, kamar yadda aka riga aka lura cewa wasu daga cikinsu suna iya amfani da abubuwa don magance matsalar da ta taso ba tare da yin gwaji da kuskure ba.
Shin dabbobi suna tunani?
Bayanai sun fallasa zuwa yanzu ba ka damar yarda da cewa dabbobi suna tunani. Dangane da ikon ji, ana kuma iya samun shaida. Da farko, yana da mahimmanci a rarrabe tsakanin ikon jin zafin jiki. Don wannan, an tabbatar da cewa waɗancan dabbobin suna tsarin juyayi za su iya jin zafi a irin wannan yanayin ga mutane. Don haka, kyakkyawan misali na wannan gardama shine bijimai a cikin fannonin saboda yana yiwuwa a lura da ciwo.
Amma tambayar ita ce ko suna shan wahala, wato ko sun sha wahala Wahalana hankali. gaskiyar wahala danniya, wanda za a iya auna shi da gaske ta hanyar hormones da ke ɓoye, da alama yana ba da amsa mai gamsarwa. Damuwar da aka bayyana a cikin dabbobi ko gaskiyar cewa wasu suna mutuwa bayan an yi watsi da su, koda ba tare da wani dalili na zahiri ba, zai kuma tabbatar da wannan zato. Bugu da ƙari, sakamakon binciken a wannan batun shine a tambayar da'a kuma ya kamata ya sa mu yi tunani kan yadda muke bi da sauran dabbobin a doron ƙasa.
gano abin da suke 'yancin walwalar dabbobi da kuma yadda suke danganta damuwa a cikin PeritoAnimal.
Hankalin dabbobi: misalai
Ikon wasu magidanta don sadarwa ta hanyar yaren kurame, amfani da kayan aikin waɗannan nau'in, na cephalopods da tsuntsaye, da Matsalar matsala Ƙari ko ƙasa da rikitarwa, berayen da ke daina cin abincin da ke cutar da 'yan uwansu ko amfani da maɓuɓɓugar ruwan zafi da ke sa birai a Japan, misalai ne waɗanda aka yi aiki a cikin binciken dindindin da ɗan adam ke haɓaka don warware tambayar ko dabbobi suna tunani ko babu.
Don ƙarin koyo, zaku iya karanta karatun Desmond Morris, Jane Goodall, Dian Fossey, Konrad Lorenz, Nikolaas Timbergen, Frans de Waall, Karl Von Frisch, da sauransu.
Ƙara koyo game da asali da juyin halittar dabbobi a cikin wannan labarin na PeritoAnimal.