Wadatacce
- Menene hadin kai?
- Kudin sada zumunci
- Iri Mutualism
- Misalan Mutualism
- Hadin kai tsakanin tururuwa masu yanke ganye da naman gwari
- Mutualism tsakanin rumen da ruminant microorganisms
- Mutualism tsakanin termites da actinobacteria
- Mutualism tsakanin tururuwa da aphids
- Mutualism tsakanin frugivorous dabbobi da shuke -shuke
A dangantaka tsakanin halittu daban -daban kasance ɗaya daga cikin manyan batutuwan karatu a kimiyya. Musamman, an yi nazari mai zurfi a tsakanin juna, kuma a halin yanzu da gaske abubuwan ban mamaki na haɗin gwiwar dabbobi suna ci gaba da bayyana. Idan har zuwa kwanan nan an yi imanin cewa akwai lokuta da nau'in guda ɗaya ne kawai ke amfana da ɗayan, a yau mun san cewa koyaushe akwai ragi a cikin irin wannan alaƙar, wato, tare da samun nasarori a ɓangarorin biyu.
A cikin wannan labarin PeritoAnimal, zamuyi bayanin ma'anar hadin kai a ilmin halitta, nau'ikan da suke wanzu kuma zamu ga wasu misalai. Gano komai game da wannan nau'in alaƙar tsakanin dabbobi. Kyakkyawan karatu!
Menene hadin kai?
Mutualism wani nau'i ne na alaƙar alaƙa. A cikin wannan dangantaka, mutane biyu na nau'ikan daban -daban amfana na alakar da ke tsakanin su, samun wani abu (abinci, mafaka, da sauransu) da ba za su iya samu ba tare da kasancewar sauran nau'in. Yana da mahimmanci kada ku rikitar da junan juna tare da alamomi. DA bambanci tsakanin juna da symbiosis yana zaune a cikin cewa haɗin kai wani nau'i ne na alaƙa tsakanin mutane biyu.
Mai yiyuwa ne kowane kwayar halitta a doron kasa ta wata hanya tana da alaƙa da aƙalla wata halitta ta daban. Bugu da ƙari, da alama wannan nau'in alaƙar tana da mahimmanci a cikin tarihin juyin halitta, alal misali, sun kasance sakamakon son juna zuwa asalin sel eukaryotic, O bayyanar shuka akan saman duniya ko bambancin angiosperm ko tsire -tsire masu fure.
Kudin sada zumunci
Da farko an yi tunanin cewa son juna shine a aikin son kai ta kwayoyin. A zamanin yau, an san cewa ba haka lamarin yake ba, kuma gaskiyar ɗaukar wani abu wanda ba za ku iya samarwa ko samu ba yana da tsada.
Wannan lamari ne na furannin da ke samar da tsirrai don jawo hankalin kwari, ta yadda pollen ke manne da dabba da yana watsewa. Wani misali shi ne na tsirrai masu 'ya'yan itatuwa masu nama a cikinsa waɗanda dabbobi masu rarrafe suke ɗaukar' ya'yan itacen kuma su watsar da tsaba bayan wucewa ta hanyar narkar da abinci. Don tsire -tsire, ƙirƙirar 'ya'yan itace shine babban kuzarin makamashi hakan yana amfanar da su kai tsaye.
Duk da haka, yin karatu da samun sakamako mai ma'ana game da yadda tsadar kuɗin ke ga mutum aiki ne mai wahala. Abu mai mahimmanci shine a matakin jinsi da matakin juyin halitta, hadin kai dabara ce mai kyau.
Iri Mutualism
Don rarrabewa da fahimtar ingantattun alaƙa tsakanin juna a cikin ilmin halitta, an kwatanta waɗannan alaƙa zuwa ƙungiyoyi da yawa:
- Hadin kai na wajibi da son juna.
- Trophic Mutualism: A cikin wannan nau'in haɗin kai, mutanen da abin ya shafa suna samun ko ƙasƙantar da abubuwan gina jiki da ions da suke buƙata don rayuwa. Yawancin lokaci, a cikin wannan nau'in haɗin kai, kwayoyin da ke cikin su, a gefe guda, dabbar heterotrophic kuma, a gefe guda, kwayar halittar autotrophic. Bai kamata mu rikitar da son juna da cin mutunci ba. A commensalism, ɗayan kwayoyin yana samun fa'ida yayin da ɗayan kuma ba ya samun komai daga alaƙar.
- kishin juna.
- watsuwar juna: wannan haɗin kai shine wanda ke faruwa tsakanin nau'in dabbobi da kayan lambu, ta yadda nau'in dabbobin ke samun abinci da, kayan lambu, tarwatsa ƙurar ta, tsaba ko 'ya'yan itatuwa.
Misalan Mutualism
A cikin alaƙa daban -daban na alaƙar juna ana iya samun nau'ikan da ke zama na wajibi na junan juna da na juna. Yana iya ma faruwa a lokacin wani mataki akwai haɗin kai na wajibi kuma, a wani mataki, na zaɓi ne. Sauran abubuwan haɗin kai (na trophic, na tsaro ko watsawa) na iya zama tilas ko na zaɓi, dangane da alaƙar. Duba wasu misalai na haɗin kai:
Hadin kai tsakanin tururuwa masu yanke ganye da naman gwari
Tururuwa masu yanke ganye ba sa ciyar da tsirrai da suke tattarawa, a maimakon haka, ƙirƙirar lambuna a cikin tururuwarsu inda suke sanya ganyayyun ganye kuma akan waɗannan suke sanya mycelium na naman gwari, wanda zai ci akan ganye. Bayan naman gwari ya girma, tururuwa suna cin jikin 'ya'yansu. Wannan alaƙar misali ce trophic juna.
Mutualism tsakanin rumen da ruminant microorganisms
Wani tabbataccen misali na son juna tsakanin trophic shine na ciyayi masu tsiro. Wadannan dabbobi galibi suna cin ciyawa. Irin wannan abincin yana da girma sosai arziki a cellulose, wani nau'in polysaccharide ba zai yiwu a ƙasƙantar da dabbobi ba tare da haɗin gwiwar wasu halittu ba. Ƙwayoyin da ke cikin rumen kaskantar da ganuwar cellulose daga tsirrai, samun abubuwan gina jiki da kuma sakin wasu abubuwan gina jiki wadanda dabbar da ke shayarwa za ta iya narkewa. Irin wannan alaƙar ita ce wajibcin juna, Ruminants da bacteria rumen ba za su iya rayuwa ba tare da juna ba.
Mutualism tsakanin termites da actinobacteria
Tsirai, don ƙara yawan garkuwar garkuwar jikin ɗan adam, suna gina gidajen su da najasar su. Waɗannan daure, lokacin ƙarfafawa, suna da kauri mai kauri wanda ke ba da damar yaduwar actinobacteria. Wadannan kwayoyin cuta suke yi shinge kan yaɗuwar fungi. Don haka, kwari suna samun kariya kuma ƙwayoyin cuta suna samun abinci, suna misalta yanayin kishin juna.
Mutualism tsakanin tururuwa da aphids
Wasu tururuwa suna cin ruwan 'ya'yan sikari da aphids ke korawa. Yayin da aphids ke cin tsirrai na tsirrai, tururuwa suna shan ruwan sukari. Idan wasu masu farauta suna ƙoƙarin damun aphids, tururuwa ba za su yi jinkirin kare aphids ba, tushen babban abincinku. Lamari ne na kishin juna.
Mutualism tsakanin frugivorous dabbobi da shuke -shuke
Dangantakar da ke tsakanin dabbobin daji da tsire -tsire masu ciyarwa suna da ƙarfi sosai, kamar yadda bincike da yawa ya nuna, idan wasu daga cikin waɗannan dabbobin suka ƙare ko suka ragu, yawan 'ya'yan itacen zai ragu.
Dabbobi masu frugivorous suna zaɓar karin 'ya'yan itatuwa masu nama da ido, saboda haka, akwai zaɓin mafi kyawun 'ya'yan itacen da waɗannan dabbobin ke bayarwa. Saboda rashin dabbobi, tsire -tsire ba sa haɓaka irin wannan babban 'ya'yan itace ko, idan sun yi, ba za a sami wata dabba da ke sha'awar ta ba, don haka ba za a sami matsi mai kyau ga wannan' ya'yan itacen ya zama itace a nan gaba ba.
Bugu da ƙari, wasu shuke -shuke, don haɓaka manyan 'ya'yan itatuwa, suna buƙatar datsa ɓangaren waɗannan' ya'yan itatuwa. O watsuwar juna yana da mahimmanci ba kawai ga waɗancan nau'ikan da ke da alaƙa ba, har ma don yanayin ƙasa.
Idan kuna son karanta ƙarin labarai makamantansu Mutualism a Biology - Ma'ana da Misalai,, muna ba da shawarar cewa ku shiga ɓangaren Curiosities na duniyar dabbobi.