Wadatacce
- Ma'anar kwatancin dabba
- Ire -iren Dabbobin Mimicry
- Mullerian mimicry
- Aposematism
- Misalin Batesian
- Sauran nau'ikan kwaikwayon dabbobi
- mimicry mai ƙamshi
- Mimicry na sauti
- Camouflage ko kuka a cikin dabbobi
- Misalan dabbobin da ke rufe kansu
Wasu dabbobi suna da wasu sifofi da launuka waɗanda sun rude da muhallin da suke rayuwa ko tare da wasu kwayoyin halitta.Wasu suna iya canza launi na ɗan lokaci kuma ɗaukar nau'ikan daban -daban. Sabili da haka, suna da wahalar samu kuma galibi sune abubuwan ban dariya na gani.
Mimicry da cryptis sune mahimman hanyoyin rayuwa na yawancin jinsuna, kuma sun haifar da dabbobi masu siffa da launi daban -daban. Kuna son ƙarin sani? A cikin wannan labarin ta PeritoAnimal, muna nuna komai game da kwaikwayon dabba: ma'ana, iri da misalai.
Ma'anar kwatancin dabba
Muna magana ne game da kwaikwayon lokacin da wasu rayayyun halittu suka yi kama da wasu kwayoyin halitta waɗanda ba lallai ne su kasance masu alaƙa kai tsaye ba. A sakamakon haka, wadannan halittu masu rai rudar da dabbobin su ko ganima, haifar da jan hankali ko mayar da martani.
Ga yawancin marubuta, kwaikwayon da cryptis sune hanyoyin daban -daban. Cripsis, kamar yadda za mu gani, shine tsarin da wasu rayayyun halittu ke yin kamanni da kansu a cikin yanayin da ke kewaye da su, godiya ga su canza launi da alamu kamarsa. Muna magana ne game da canza launi.
Dukansu mimicry da cryptis sune hanyoyin karbuwa ga rayayyun halittu zuwa muhallin.
Ire -iren Dabbobin Mimicry
Akwai takaddama a duniyar kimiyya game da abin da za a iya ɗauka mimicry da abin da ba zai iya ba. A cikin wannan labarin, za mu duba batun tsauraran nau'ikan dabbobin dabbobi:
- Mullerian mimicry.
- Misalin Batesian.
- Wasu nau'ikan mimicry.
A ƙarshe, za mu ga wasu dabbobin da ke yin kamanni da kansu a cikin mahallin godiya ga launuka masu duhu.
Mullerian mimicry
Misalin Müllerian yana faruwa lokacin da nau'ikan biyu ko sama da haka suke iri ɗaya na launi da/ko siffa. Bugu da kari, duka biyun suna da hanyoyin kariya daga masu farautarsu, kamar su tsutsa, kasancewar guba ko dandano mai daɗi. Godiya ga wannan kwaikwayon, maharan ku na yau da kullun suna koyan gane wannan ƙirar kuma kada ku kai hari ga kowane nau'in da ke da shi.
Sakamakon irin wannan kwaikwayon dabbobin shine duka nau'in ganima suna tsira kuma suna iya mika kwayoyin halittar su ga zuriyarsu. Mai farautar ma yana cin nasara, saboda yana iya samun sauƙin koyon waɗanne nau'in haɗari ne.
Misalan Mimicry Mullerian
Wasu kwayoyin da ke nuna irin wannan mimicry sune:
- Hymenoptera (Umurnin Hymenoptera): Yawan kudan zuma da ƙudan zuma suna da sifar launin rawaya da baƙar fata, wanda ke nuna wa tsuntsaye da sauran mafaratan kasancewar ɗan kwari.
- murjani macizai (Iyalin Elapidae): duk macizai a cikin wannan dangi suna rufe jikinsu da zoben ja da rawaya. Don haka, suna nuna wa masu farautar cewa guba ne.
Aposematism
Kamar yadda kuke gani, waɗannan dabbobin suna da launi mai haske sosai wanda ke daukar hankalin mai farautar, yana faɗakar da su ga haɗari ko muguwar dandano. Wannan inji ana kiranta aposematism kuma kishiyar cryptsis ne, tsarin sake kamanni wanda zamu gani daga baya.
Aposmatism shine nau'in sadarwa tsakanin dabbobi.
Misalin Batesian
Misalin Batesian yana faruwa lokacin da nau'ikan biyu ko fiye suke uzuri da kamanceceniya sosai a bayyanar, amma a zahiri ɗayansu ɗaya ne kawai ke ɗauke da makamai na kariya daga masu kai farmaki. Dayan kuma an san shi da nau'in kwafin.
Sakamakon irin wannan kwaikwayon shine cewa kwafin nau'in An gano cewa mai haɗari ne ta hanyar dabbar. Koyaya, ba haɗari bane ko ɗanɗano, kawai "tilastawa" ne. Wannan yana ba da damar nau'in don adana makamashin da zai saka hannun jari a cikin hanyoyin tsaro.
Misalan Mimicry na Batesian
Wasu dabbobin da ke nuna irin wannan mimicry sune:
- sirphids (Sirfidae): waɗannan kudaje suna da tsarin launi iri ɗaya kamar ƙudan zuma da kudan zuma; saboda haka, masu farautar suna gane su a matsayin masu haɗari. Duk da haka, ba su da ɗan kwali don kare kansu.
- murjani na karya (lamppropeltisalwatika): wannan wani nau'in maciji ne da ba mai dafi ba tare da tsarin launi mai kama da na macizan murjani (Elapidae), waɗanda a zahiri guba ne.
Sauran nau'ikan kwaikwayon dabbobi
Duk da yake muna tunanin yin kwaikwayon azaman wani abu na gani, akwai wasu nau'ikan mimicry, kamar kayan ƙanshi da na auditory.
mimicry mai ƙamshi
Mafi kyawun misalin kwaikwayon ƙamshi shine furannin da ke fitowa abubuwa masu wari yayi kama da pheromones a cikin ƙudan zuma. Don haka, maza suna kusantar furen suna tunanin mace ce kuma, a sakamakon haka, suna lalata ta. Lamari ne na salo Ophrys (orchids).
Mimicry na sauti
Dangane da kwaikwayon sauti, misali shine kirim mai tsami (Acanthiza pusilla), tsuntsun Australiya cewa yana kwaikwayon siginar ƙararrawa na wasu tsuntsaye. Don haka, lokacin da wani mai farautar matsakaici ya kai hari, suna kwaikwayon siginar da wasu nau'in ke fitarwa lokacin da shaho ya kusanto. A sakamakon haka, matsakaicin mai farauta yana gudu ko yana ɗaukar lokaci mai tsawo don kai hari.
Camouflage ko kuka a cikin dabbobi
Wasu dabbobin suna da launi ko zane -zane wanda ke ba su damar haɗuwa da yanayin su. Ta wannan hanyar, wasu dabbobi ba sa lura da su. An san wannan tsarin crypt ko cryptic coloration.
Sarakunan cryptis sune, babu shakka, hawainiya (dangi Chamaeleonidae). Wadannan dabbobi masu rarrafe suna iya canza launin fatar su dangane da yanayin da suke ciki. Suna yin wannan godiya ga nanocrystals waɗanda suka haɗu da rarrabuwa, suna nuna raƙuman ruwa daban -daban. A cikin wannan labarin na PeritoAnimal, zaku iya koyon yadda hawainiya ke canza launi.
Misalan dabbobin da ke rufe kansu
Adadin dabbobin da ke yin kamannin kansu cikin yanayi godiya ga launuka masu ƙyalli ba su da adadi. Ga wasu misalai:
- Fara (Suborder Caelifera): Su ne abincin da aka fi so na masu farauta da yawa, don haka suna da launuka masu kama da yanayin da suke ciki.
- Gecko na Moorish (Iyalin Gekkonidae): waɗannan dabbobi masu rarrafe suna ɓoye kansu cikin duwatsu da bango suna jiran abin da za su ci.
- tsuntsaye masu cin nama na dare (Dokar Strigiformes): waɗannan tsuntsayen suna yin sheƙarsu a cikin ramukan bishiyoyi. Tsarin launi da ƙirar su yana da wahalar ganin su, koda lokacin da suke fakewa.
- addu'ar mantis (Umurnin Mantodea): mantis da yawa na addu'o'i sun haɗu tare da kewayen su godiya ga launuka masu duhu. Wasu suna kwaikwayon reshe, ganye har ma da furanni.
- Gizo -gizo (thomisus spp)
- 'Yan mata (Umarnin Octopoda): kamar hawainiya da sepia, da sauri suna canza launin su gwargwadon abin da aka same su.
- birch asu (Biston betular shagon): su ne dabbobin da ke yin kamannin kansu a cikin farin haushi na bishiyoyin birch. Lokacin juyin juya halin masana'antu ya zo Ingila, ƙurar gawayi ta taru akan bishiyoyin, ta mai da su baƙi. A saboda wannan dalili, malam buɗe ido a yankin sun rikide zuwa baƙar fata.
Idan kuna son karanta ƙarin labarai makamantansu Misalin dabbobi - Ma’ana, iri da misalai,, muna ba da shawarar cewa ku shiga ɓangaren Curiosities na duniyar dabbobi.