Wadatacce
- Haɓakar kifin mahaifa: mahimman bayanai
- Nau'in ƙwai bisa ga ƙungiyar ɗan maraƙi a ciki:
- Nau'in ƙwai gwargwadon yawan naman rago:
- Matakan al'ada na ci gaban amfrayo
- Yadda kifi ke hayayyafa: haɓakawa da zafin jiki
- Ci gaban kifin mahaifa: matakai
- Yadda kifi ke haifuwa: zygotic phase
- Haihuwar kifaye: lokacin raba kashi
- Haihuwar kifi: lokacin gastrulation
- Haihuwar kifaye: rarrabewa da sashin halittar jiki
- ectoderm:
- mesoderm:
- endoderm:
Yayin ci gaban tayi na kowace dabba, ana aiwatar da muhimman matakai don ƙirƙirar sabbin mutane. Duk wani gazawa ko kuskure yayin wannan lokacin na iya haifar da mummunar illa ga zuriyar, gami da mutuwar tayi.
Haihuwar kifin tayi sananne ne, godiya ga cewa ƙwai nasu a bayyane yake kuma ana iya lura da dukkan tsarin daga waje ta amfani da kayan aiki kamar gilashin ƙara girma. A cikin wannan labarin ta PeritoAnimal za mu koyar da wasu dabaru game da embryology kuma, musamman, game da yadda kifaye ke hayayyafa: ci gaban amfrayo.
Haɓakar kifin mahaifa: mahimman bayanai
Don kusanci ci gaban kifaye, da farko muna buƙatar sanin wasu mahimman dabaru na embryology, kamar nau'ikan ƙwai da matakan da suka haɗa farkon ci gaban amfrayo.
Za mu iya samun daban -daban iri kwai, bisa ga hanyar da ake rarraba maraƙi (kayan abinci mai gina jiki da ke cikin ƙwai na dabbobi waɗanda ke ɗauke da furotin, lectin da cholesterol) da adadinsa. Da farko, bari mu kira sakamakon haɗin ƙwai da maniyyi a matsayin ƙwai, kuma a matsayin maraƙi, jerin abubuwan gina jiki waɗanda ke cikin ƙwai kuma za su zama abinci ga tayi mai zuwa.
Nau'in ƙwai bisa ga ƙungiyar ɗan maraƙi a ciki:
- ware qwai: ana samun maraƙin a ko'ina a ko'ina cikin cikin kwai. Hankula na dabbobin daji, cnidarians, echinoderms, nemertines da dabbobi masu shayarwa.
- qwai telolect: gwaiduwa tana gudun hijira zuwa wani yanki na kwai, tana gaban wurin da tayi zai bunƙasa. Yawancin dabbobi suna tasowa daga irin wannan kwai, kamar molluscs, kifi, amphibians, dabbobi masu rarrafe, tsuntsaye, da sauransu.
- Centrolecitos qwai: gwaiduwa tana kewaye da cytoplasm kuma wannan, bi da bi, yana kewaye da tsakiya wanda zai haifar da tayi. Yana faruwa a arthropods.
Nau'in ƙwai gwargwadon yawan naman rago:
- qwai oligolectics: su kanana ne kuma suna da ɗan maraƙi.
- mesolocyte qwai: Matsakaicin matsakaici tare da matsakaicin adadin naman alade.
- qwai macrolecite: manyan kwai ne, masu yawan nono.
Matakan al'ada na ci gaban amfrayo
- Rabuwa. Ya ƙare a cikin jihar da ake kira blastula.
- Gastrulation: akwai sake tsara sel na blastula, wanda ke haifar da blastoderms (tsoffin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta) waɗanda sune ectoderm, endoderm kuma, a wasu dabbobi, mesoderm.
- Bambanci da organogenesis: kyallen takarda da gabobin jiki za su fito daga yadudduka na ƙwayoyin cuta, suna yin tsarin sabon mutum.
Yadda kifi ke hayayyafa: haɓakawa da zafin jiki
Zazzabi yana da alaƙa da kusancin lokacin ƙwai a cikin kifi da haɓaka haɓakar su (iri ɗaya yana faruwa a cikin wasu nau'in dabbobin). Akwai yawanci a ganiya kewayon zazzabi don shiryawa, wanda ya bambanta da kusan 8ºC.
Kwai da aka sanya a cikin wannan kewayon zai sami babban damar haɓaka da ƙyanƙyashe. Hakanan, ƙwai da aka ɗora tsawon lokaci a matsanancin yanayin zafi (a waje da mafi kyawun nau'in nau'in) zai sami ƙarancin kyankyasar yiwuwa kuma, idan sun kyankyashe, mutanen da aka haifa na iya shan wahala tsanani cututtuka.
Ci gaban kifin mahaifa: matakai
Yanzu da kuka san mahimman abubuwan da ke tattare da embryology, za mu zurfafa cikin ci gaban kifin. kifi ne telolectic, wato sun fito ne daga qwai telolecite, wadanda suke da gwaiduwa ta koma yankin kwai.
A cikin batutuwa na gaba za mu yi bayani yaya haifuwar kifi.
Yadda kifi ke haifuwa: zygotic phase
Sabuwar kwai da ya hadu ya kasance a cikin jihar zygote har zuwa kashi na farko. Kimanin lokacin da wannan rarrabuwa ke faruwa ya dogara ne da nau'in da yanayin zafin muhallin. A cikin kifin zebra, Danio rerio (kifin da aka fi amfani da shi a bincike), kashi na farko yana faruwa a kusa Minti 40 bayan hadi. Kodayake da alama a cikin wannan lokacin babu canje -canje, a cikin mahimman matakai na ƙwai don ƙarin ci gaba suna faruwa.
Haɗu: Kifin da ke fitar da ruwa
Haihuwar kifaye: lokacin raba kashi
Kwai yana shiga lokacin rarrabuwa lokacin da kashi na farko na zygote ya auku. A cikin kifi, rarrabuwa shine meroblastic, saboda rarrabuwar ba ta ƙetare ƙwai gaba ɗaya, kamar yadda gwaiduwa ke hana ta, kasancewar ta takaita ne kawai ga wurin da tayi. Rukunin farko na tsaye ne kuma a kwance zuwa ga amfrayo, kuma suna da sauri da aiki tare. Suna haifar da tarin sel da aka sanya akan maraƙi, wanda ya ƙunshi fashewar discoidal.
Haihuwar kifi: lokacin gastrulation
A lokacin lokacin gastrulation, sake fasalin sel discoula blastula yana faruwa ta motsi morphogenetic, wato bayanin da ke cikin tsakiya na sel daban -daban da aka riga aka ƙera, an rubuta shi ta hanyar tilasta sel su sami sabon saitin sarari. Dangane da kifi, ana kiran wannan sake tsarawa shigarwar. Hakanan, wannan matakin ana nuna shi da raguwar ƙimar rarrabuwa ta sel da ƙarancin sel ko babu.
A lokacin ba da izini, wasu sel na discoblastula ko blastidal blastula suna ƙaura zuwa gwaiduwa, suna yin rufi akansa. Wannan Layer zai kasance endoderm. Layer sel da ya rage a cikin tsibi zai samar da ectoderm. A ƙarshen aikin, za a ayyana gastrula ko, a cikin yanayin kifin, discogastrula, tare da manyan ƙwayoyin cuta guda biyu ko fashewar abubuwa, ectoderm da endoderm.
Ƙara sani game da: kifin ruwan gishiri
Haihuwar kifaye: rarrabewa da sashin halittar jiki
Yayin lokacin rarrabewa a cikin kifaye, Layer na ciki na uku ya bayyana, wanda ke tsakanin endoderm da ectoderm, wanda ake kira mesoderm.
Endoderm yana ɓullo da ƙirƙirar rami da ake kira archentor. Za a kira ƙofar wannan ramin blastopore kuma zai haifar da duburar kifi. Daga wannan lokacin, zamu iya rarrabe abubuwan cephalic vesicle (kwakwalwa a samuwar) kuma, a ɓangarorin biyu, da vesicles na gani (idanu na gaba). Bayan vesicle na cephalic, da neural tube yana yin tsari kuma, a ɓangarorin biyu, somites, tsarin da a ƙarshe zai samar da kashin kashin baya da hakarkarinsa, tsokoki da sauran gabobin.
A wannan lokacin, kowane ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta zai ƙare yana haifar da gabobin jiki ko kyallen takarda, don haka:
ectoderm:
- Epidermis da tsarin juyayi;
- Farawa da ƙarewar narkewar abinci.
mesoderm:
- Dermis;
- Musculature, excretory da haihuwa haihuwa gabobin;
- Celoma, peritoneum da tsarin jijiyoyin jini.
endoderm:
- Kwayoyin da ke cikin narkewa: epithelium na ciki na fili mai narkewa da glandan adnexal;
- Organs masu kula da musayar gas.
Karanta kuma: Kiwo Betta Kifi
Idan kuna son karanta ƙarin labarai makamantansu yadda kifi ke hayayyafa,, muna ba da shawarar cewa ku shiga ɓangaren Curiosities na duniyar dabbobi.