Rarraba dabbobi masu rarrafe

Wadatacce

• Amfani da kalmar invertebrate
• Yaya rarrabuwa na dabbobi masu rarrafe
• Rarraba Arthropods
• chelicerates
• Crustaceans
• Unirmemeos
• Rarraba Molluscs
• Rarraba annelids
• Rarraba Platyhelminths
• Rarraba Nematodes
• Rarraba Echinoderms
• Pelmatozos
• Eleuterozoans
• Rarraba Cnidarians
• Rarraba Masu Aure
• Sauran dabbobi masu rarrafe

Dabbobi masu rarrafewa sune waɗanda, a matsayin sifa ta kowa, ke raba raunin kashin kashin baya da kwarangwal na haɗin gwiwa. A cikin wannan rukunin akwai yawancin dabbobi a duniya, wakiltar 95% na nau'in da ke akwai. Kasancewa mafi bambancin rukuni a cikin wannan daula, rarrabuwarsa ya zama da wahala, don haka babu takamaiman rarrabuwa.

A cikin wannan labarin ta PeritoAnimal, muna magana akan rarrabuwa na dabbobi masu rarrafe wanda, kamar yadda kuke gani, ƙungiya ce babba a cikin duniyoyin ban sha'awa na halittu masu rai.

Amfani da kalmar invertebrate

Kalmar invertebrate ba ta dace da wani tsari na yau da kullun ba a cikin tsarin rarrabuwa na kimiyya, kamar yadda yake a janar janar wanda ke nufin rashin fasali na gama -gari (kashin kashin baya), amma ba don kasancewar sifar da kowa ke cikin rukuni ya raba ba, kamar yadda yake a cikin kasusuwan kasusuwa.

Wannan baya nufin cewa amfani da kalmar invertebrate ba ta da inganci, akasin haka, galibi ana amfani da ita don nufin waɗannan dabbobi, yana nufin kawai ana amfani da shi don bayyana wani karin ma'ana gabaɗaya.

Yaya rarrabuwa na dabbobi masu rarrafe

Kamar sauran dabbobin, a cikin rarrabuwa na masu rarrafewa babu cikakkiyar sakamako, duk da haka, akwai wata yarjejeniya cewa manyan kungiyoyin invertebrate Za a iya rarrabasu cikin phyla mai zuwa:

• arthropods
• molluscs
• annelids
• platyhelminths
• nematodes
• echinoderms
• Cnidarians
• mafaka

Baya ga sanin ƙungiyoyin invertebrate, kuna iya sha'awar sanin misalan dabbobi masu rarrafe da rarrafe.

Rarraba Arthropods

Dabbobi ne waɗanda ke da ingantaccen tsarin gabobin jikin mutum, wanda ke nuna kasancewar kashin kashin. Bugu da kari, sun bambanta da na musamman appendices don ayyuka daban -daban gwargwadon ƙungiyar invertebrates da suke ciki.

arthropod phylum yayi daidai da rukuni mafi girma a cikin dabbobin kuma an rarrabasu zuwa subphyla huɗu: trilobites (duk sun mutu), chelicerates, crustaceans da unirámeos. Bari mu san yadda aka raba subphyla da ke wanzu da misalai da yawa na dabbobi masu rarrafe:

chelicerates

A cikin waɗannan, an gyara abubuwan biyu na farko don ƙirƙirar chelicerae. Bugu da ƙari, suna iya samun ƙafafun ƙafa, aƙalla kafafu huɗu, kuma ba su da eriya. Sun ƙunshi azuzuwan masu zuwa:

• Merostomates: ba su da madaidaitan kafafu, amma kasancewar kafafu biyar -biyar, kamar karen dokin doki (limulus polyphemus).
• Pychnogonids: dabbobin ruwa masu kafafu biyar -biyar wadanda aka fi sani da gizo -gizo.
• Arachnids. Wasu misalan dabbobin da ke cikin kashin a cikin wannan ajin sune gizo -gizo, kunama, kaska da mites.

Crustaceans

Gabaɗaya cikin ruwa kuma tare da kasancewar gills, antennae da mandibles. Azuzuwan wakilai guda biyar sun bayyana su, daga cikinsu akwai:

• Magunguna: makafi ne kuma suna zaune a cikin kogon teku mai zurfi, kamar nau'in Speleonectes tanumekes.
• Cephalocarids: suna ruwa, ƙanana da girman jiki.
• Branchiopods: Ƙarami zuwa matsakaici a girma, galibi suna rayuwa a cikin ruwa mai daɗi, kodayake su ma suna rayuwa cikin ruwan gishiri. Suna da appendices daga baya. Bi da bi, an bayyana su ta umarni huɗu: Anostraceans (inda za mu iya samun goblin shrimp kamar Streptocephalus mackini), notostraceans (da ake kira tadpole shrimp kamar Franciscan Artemia), cladocerans (waɗanda su ne ƙwallan ruwa) da concostraceans (mussel shrimp kamar Lynceus brachyurus).
• Maxillopods: Yawanci karami kuma tare da rage ciki da appendages. An rarrabasu zuwa ostracods, mistacocarids, መቋቋምpods, tantulocarids da cirripedes.
• Malacostraceans: an sami crustaceans da aka fi sani da mutane, suna da exoskeleton mai magana wanda ya fi sauƙi kuma an bayyana su ta umarni huɗu, daga cikinsu akwai isopods (Ex. Armadillium granulatum), amphipods (Ex. babban Alicella), eufausiaceans, waɗanda galibi aka fi sani da krill (Ex. Meganyctiphanes norvegica) da decapods, gami da kaguwa, shrimp da lobsters.

Unirmemeos

Ana siyan su ta hanyar samun gatari ɗaya kawai a cikin dukkan appendices (ba tare da reshe ba) da samun eriya, mandibles da muƙamuƙi. An tsara wannan subphylum zuwa azuzuwa biyar.

• diplopods. A cikin wannan rukunin masu rarrabuwa mun sami millipedes, a matsayin nau'in Oxidus gracilis.
• Chilopods: suna da kashi ashirin da daya, inda akwai kafafu biyu a kowanne. Dabbobi a cikin wannan rukunin galibi ana kiransu centipedes (Lithobius forficatus, da sauransu).
• pauropods: Ƙaramin ƙarami, jiki mai taushi har ma da kafafu goma sha ɗaya.
• tausayi: kashe-fari, karami da m.
• ajin kwari: samun eriya guda biyu, kafafu guda uku da fikafikai gabaɗaya. Dabbobi ne masu yawan gaske waɗanda ke haɗe kusan umarni talatin daban -daban.

Rarraba Molluscs

Wannan phylum yana halin kasancewa da cikakken tsarin narkewa, tare da kasancewar wani gabobi da ake kira radula, wanda ke cikin baki kuma yana da aikin gogewa. Suna da tsari da ake kira ƙafar da za a iya amfani da ita don yin motsi ko gyarawa. Tsarin jijiyoyin jini yana buɗewa a cikin kusan dukkanin dabbobi, musayar gas yana faruwa ta hanji, huhu ko saman jiki, kuma tsarin juyayi ya bambanta ta rukuni. An raba su zuwa azuzuwa takwas, wanda a yanzu za mu san ƙarin misalan waɗannan dabbobin da ba sa rarrabuwar kai:

• Caudofoveados: dabbobin ruwa masu tono kasa mai taushi. Ba su da kwasfa, amma suna da ƙyalli na ƙira, kamar su ciwon sikila.
• Solenogastros: kwatankwacin ajin da ya gabata, su na ruwa ne, masu hakowa kuma tare da tsarin limestone, duk da haka ba su da radula da gills (misali. Neomenia carinata).
• Monoplacophores: su kanana ne, tare da harsashi mai zagaye da ikon rarrafe, godiya ga kafa (misali. Neopilin sake dubawa).
• Polyplacophores: tare da elongated, lebur jikin da kasancewar harsashi. Suna fahimtar ƙa'idodin, kamar nau'in Acanthochiton garnoti.
• Scaphopods: an lulluɓe jikinsa a cikin kwalin tubular tare da buɗewa a ƙarshensa duka. Ana kuma kiran su dentali ko hauren giwa. Misali shine nau'in Antalis vulgaris.
• gastropods. Ajin ya ƙunshi katantanwa da zamiya, kamar nau'in katantanwa Cepaea nemoralis.
• bivalves: jiki yana cikin harsashi tare da bawuloli guda biyu waɗanda zasu iya samun girma dabam. Misali shine nau'in verrucous venus.
• Cephalopods: harsashinsa ƙanana ne ko ba ya nan, tare da ƙayyadaddun kai da idanunsa da kasancewar tantuna ko makamai. A cikin wannan aji mun sami squids da dorinar ruwa.

Rarraba annelids

Shin tsutsotsi metameric, wato, tare da rarrabuwar jiki, tare da datti mai ƙyalli na waje, rufewar jijiyoyin jini da cikakken tsarin narkewar abinci, musayar gas yana faruwa ta hanyar gills ko ta fata kuma yana iya zama hermaphrodites ko tare da jinsi daban.

An bayyana babban darajar annelids ta azuzuwan uku waɗanda a yanzu zaku iya bincika tare da ƙarin misalan dabbobin da ba su rarrabuwa:

• Polychaetes. Yawancin sassan suna da abubuwan haɗin gwiwa. Zamu iya ambaton a matsayin misali nau'in succinic nereis da Phyllodoce lineata.
• oligochetes. Misali, muna da tsutsa (lumbricus terrestris).
• Hirudine: a matsayin misalin hirudine mun sami leeches (misali. Hirudo medicinalis), tare da ƙayyadaddun adadin sassan, kasancewar zobba da yawa da kofunan tsotsa.

Rarraba Platyhelminths

Tsutsotsi ne dabbobin lebur gabaɗaya, tare da buɗe baki da al'aura da tsoffin abubuwa ko tsarin juyayi da azanci. Bugu da ƙari, dabbobi daga wannan rukunin masu rarrafe ba su da tsarin numfashi da na jini.

Sun kasu kashi hudu:

• guguwa. An fi sanin su da masu tsara shirin (misali. Digno ta Temnocephala).
• Monogenes: Waɗannan galibin nau'ikan kifaye ne masu ɓarna da wasu kwaɗi ko kunkuru. Ana siyan su ta hanyar samun rayayyun halittu masu rai, tare da mai masaukin baki ɗaya kawai (misali. Haliotrema sp.).
• Trematodes: Jikinsu yana da siffar ganye, ana nuna shi da zama parasites. A zahiri, yawancin su sune endoparasites na kashin baya (Ej. Ciwon hanta).
• Kwanduna: tare da halaye waɗanda suka bambanta da azuzuwan da suka gabata, suna da dogayen jiki da lebur, ba tare da cilia a cikin sigar babba ba kuma ba tare da narkewar abinci ba. Koyaya, an rufe shi da microvilli wanda ke ɗaukar kauri ko murfin dabbar (misali. Solium Taenia).

Rarraba Nematodes

kananan parasites wanda ke mamaye yanayin ruwa, ruwa mai tsabta da yanayin ƙasa, duka a yankuna na polar da na wurare masu zafi, kuma yana iya lalata sauran dabbobi da tsirrai. Akwai dubban nau'in nematodes da aka gano kuma suna da sifar sifar cylindrical, tare da m cuticle da rashin cilia da flagella.

Rarraba mai zuwa ya dogara ne akan halayen halittar ƙungiyar kuma yayi daidai da azuzuwan biyu:

• Adenophorea: Gabobin gabobin ku suna da madauwari, karkace, ko sifar rami. A cikin wannan ajin za mu iya samun sifar parasite Trichuris Trichiura.
• Asiri. A cikin wannan rukunin mun sami nau'in parasitic lumbricoid ascaris.

Rarraba Echinoderms

Dabbobi ne na ruwa waɗanda ba su da rarrabuwa. Jikinsa yana da zagaye, silinda ko siffar tauraro, mara kan kai kuma yana da tsarin azanci iri-iri. Suna da spikes calcareous, tare da locomotion ta hanyoyi daban -daban.

An raba wannan rukunin masu rarrabuwa (phylum) zuwa subphyla guda biyu: Pelmatozoa (kofin ko sifar goblet) da eleuterozoans (stellate, discoidal, globular ko siffa mai siffa).

Pelmatozos

An bayyana wannan rukunin ta rukunin crinoid inda muke samun waɗanda aka fi sani da lilies na teku, kuma daga cikinsu wanda zai iya ambaton nau'in Antedon Bahar Rum, davidaster rubiginosus kuma Himerometra robustipinna, da sauransu.

Eleuterozoans

A cikin wannan subphylum na biyu akwai azuzuwa biyar:

• concentricicloids: da aka sani da daisies na teku (misali. Xyloplax janetae).
• asteroids: ko taurarin teku (misali. Pisaster ochraceus).
• Ophiuroides: wanda ya haɗa da macizai na teku (misali. Ophiocrossota multispina).
• Equinoids: wanda aka fi sani da urchins na teku (misali Strongylocentrotus franciscanus da Strongylocentrotus purpuratus).
• holoturoids: kuma ana kiranta cucumbers na teku (misali. holothuria cinerascens kuma Stichopus chloronotus).

Rarraba Cnidarians

An san su da kasancewa mafi yawan ruwa tare da wasu 'yan tsirarun ruwa. Akwai nau'ikan sifofi guda biyu a cikin waɗannan mutane: polyps da jellyfish. Suna da chitinous, limestone ko exoskeleton protein ko endoskeleton, tare da haifuwa ta jima'i ko na asali kuma ba su da tsarin numfashi da motsa jiki. Halayen ƙungiyar shine kasancewar tsotsar sel wanda suke amfani da shi don kare ko kai hari ga ganima.

An rarraba phylum zuwa azuzuwa huɗu:

• Hydrozoa: Suna da yanayin rayuwa mara kyau a cikin lokacin polyp da na jima'i a cikin lokacin jellyfish, duk da haka, wasu nau'in na iya ba da ɗayan matakan. Polyps suna kafaffun yankuna kuma jellyfish na iya motsawa da yardar kaina (misali.hydra vulgaris).
• scifozoa. Lokacin polyp ɗinku yayi ƙasa kaɗan (misali. Chrysaora quinquecirrha).
• Cubozoa: tare da babban nau'in jellyfish, wasu sun isa manyan girma. Sun kasance masu ninkaya da farauta da kyau kuma wasu nau'ikan na iya yin illa ga mutane, yayin da wasu ke da guba mai sauƙi. (misali Carybdea marsupialis).
• antozooa: sune polyps masu sifar furanni, ba tare da lokacin jellyfish ba. Duk suna cikin ruwa, kuma suna iya rayuwa sama -sama ko zurfi kuma a cikin iyakacin ruwa ko ruwan zafi. An kasu kashi uku, waɗanda sune zoantarios (anemones), ceriantipatarias da alcionarios.

Rarraba Masu Aure

Na wannan kungiya mallakar soso, wanda babban halayensa shine cewa jikinsu yana da yawan pores da tsarin tashoshi na ciki waɗanda ke tace abincin. Suna da sessile kuma sun dogara kacokan akan ruwan da ke ratsa su don abinci da iskar oxygen. Ba su da ainihin nama don haka babu gabobin jiki. Suna cikin ruwa na musamman, galibi na ruwa, ko da yake akwai wasu nau'in da ke zaune da ruwan sabo. Wani fasali mai mahimmanci shine cewa an samar da su ta hanyar carbonate carbonate ko silica da collagen.

An raba su zuwa azuzuwan da ke gaba:

• farar ƙasa: waɗanda a cikin su spikes ko raka'o'in da ke haifar da kwarangwal ɗin asalinsu ne na calcareous, wato, carbonate carbonate (misali. Sycon raphanus).
• Hexactinylides. Euplectella aspergillus).
• demosponges: ajin da kusan kashi 100% na nau'in soso da manyan su ke, tare da launuka masu ƙyalli. Spicules ɗin da ke samar da silica ne, amma ba na haskoki shida ba (misali. Xestospongia na gwaji).

Sauran dabbobi masu rarrafe

Kamar yadda muka ambata, ƙungiyoyin invertebrate suna da yawa kuma har yanzu akwai wasu phyla waɗanda aka haɗa cikin rarrabuwa ta dabbobi. Wasu daga cikinsu sune:

• Placozoa
• Ctenophores
• Chaetognath
• Nemertinos
• Gnatostomulid
• Rotifers
• Gastrotrics
• Kinorhincos
• Loricifers
• Priapulides
• nematomorphs
• endoprocts
• onychophores
• tardigrades
• ectoprocts
• Brachiopods

Kamar yadda muke iya gani, rarrabuwa na dabbobi yana da bambanci iri -iri, kuma a tsawon lokaci, adadin nau'in da ya ƙunshi zai ci gaba da ƙaruwa, wanda ke sake nuna mana yadda duniyar dabbobi take da ban mamaki.

Kuma yanzu da kuka san rarrabuwa na dabbobi masu rarrafe, ƙungiyoyin su da misalai marasa adadi na dabbobin da ba su da rarrabuwar kai, kuna iya sha'awar wannan bidiyon game da mafi ƙarancin dabbobin ruwa a duniya:

Idan kuna son karanta ƙarin labarai makamantansu Rarraba dabbobi masu rarrafe,, muna ba da shawarar cewa ku shiga ɓangaren Curiosities na duniyar dabbobi.