Halayen Amphibian

Wadatacce

• Menene amphibians?
• Ire -iren dabbobin daji
• Halayen Amphibian
• Metamorphosis na amphibians
• fata na amphibian
• Skeleton Amphibian da Ƙarshe
• Bakin Amphibian
• Amphibian ciyarwa
• Amphibian numfashi
• Haihuwar Amphibian
• Wasu halaye na amphibians

Amphibians sun ƙera mafi m rukuni na vertebrates. Sunansu yana nufin "rayuwa biyu" (amphi = duka da bios = rayuwa) kuma su dabbobin ectothermic ne, ma'ana sun dogara da tushen zafi na waje don sarrafa daidaiton cikin su. Hakanan, su amniotes ne, kamar kifi. Wannan yana nufin cewa kumburin ku ba ya kewaye da membrane: amnion.

A gefe guda, juyin halittar masu ambaliyar ruwa da wucewarsu daga ruwa zuwa ƙasa ya faru sama da miliyoyin shekaru. Kakanninku sun rayu Shekaru miliyan 350 da suka wuce, a ƙarshen Devonian, kuma jikinsu ya yi ƙarfi, tare da dogayen kafafu, lebur da yatsu da yawa. Waɗannan sune Acanthostega da Icthyostega, waɗanda sune magabatan duk tetrapods da muka sani a yau. Amphibians suna da rarrabuwa a duk duniya, kodayake basa cikin yankuna hamada, a cikin iyakokin polar da Antarctic da akan wasu tsibiran teku. Ci gaba da karanta wannan labarin PeritoAnimal kuma zaku fahimci duk abubuwan halaye na amphibian, abubuwan da suka bambanta da salon rayuwarsu.

Menene amphibians?

Amphibians su ne tetrapod vertebrate dabbobi, wato, suna da ƙasusuwa da gabobi huɗu. Wata ƙungiya ce ta musamman, yayin da suke shaƙuwa da yanayin yanayi wanda ke ba su damar wucewa daga matakin tsutsa zuwa matakin manya, wanda kuma ke nufin cewa, a duk rayuwarsu, suna da hanyoyin numfashi daban -daban.

Ire -iren dabbobin daji

Akwai nau'ikan amphibians guda uku, waɗanda aka rarrabasu kamar haka:

• Amphibians na tsari Gymnophiona.
• Amphibians na umarnin Caudata.
• Amphibians na tsarin Anura: ba su da wutsiya kuma sune mafi sani. Wasu misalai sune kwaɗi da toads.

Halayen Amphibian

Daga cikin halaye na amphibians, masu zuwa sun bambanta:

Metamorphosis na amphibians

Amphibians suna da wasu halaye a cikin hanyar rayuwarsu. Ba kamar sauran tetrapods ba, suna bi ta hanyar da ake kira metamorphosis, lokacin da tsutsa, watau tadpole, ta zama juya zuwa balagagge kuma yana wucewa daga numfashin reshe zuwa numfashin huhu. A yayin wannan tsari, ana samun canje -canje masu yawa na tsarin jiki da na jiki, ta inda kwayoyin halitta ke shirya kansu don wucewa daga cikin ruwa zuwa rayuwa ta duniya.

An ajiye kifin kifin cikin ruwa; saboda haka, lokacin da tsutsa ta tsinke, tana da kumburin numfashi, wutsiya, da bakin madauwari don ci. Bayan ɗan lokaci a cikin ruwa, zai kasance a shirye don metamorphosis, wanda zai sha canje -canje masu ban mamaki daga bacewar wutsiya da gutsuttsura, kamar yadda a cikin wasu salamanders (Urodelos), zuwa manyan canje -canje a cikin tsarin kwayoyin halitta, kamar a cikin kwaɗi (Anurans). O gaba kuma yana faruwa:

• Ƙaddamar da ƙananan baya da na baya;
• Ci gaban kashin kashin;
• Ciwon huhu;
• Bambancin kunnuwa da idanu;
• Canje -canje na fata;
• Ƙaddamar da wasu gabobin jiki da azanci;
• Ci gaban Neuronal.

Koyaya, wasu nau'ikan salamanders na iya basa buƙatar metamorphosis da isa ga yanayin balagagge har yanzu yana da halayen tsutsa, kamar kasancewar gills, yana mai da su kamar ƙaramin babba. Ana kiran wannan tsari neoteny.

fata na amphibian

Duk masu ambaliyar ruwa na zamani, watau Urodelos ko Caudata (salamanders), Anuras (toads) da Gimnophiona (caecilians), ana kiran su Lissanphibia gaba ɗaya, kuma wannan sunan ya samo asali ne daga gaskiyar cewa waɗannan dabbobi ba su da sikeli a fata, don haka tana "tsirara". Ba su da wani abin rufe fuska kamar sauran tsutsotsi, ko gashi, fuka -fukai ko sikeli, in ban da 'yan caecilians, wadanda wani nau'in "sikelin fata" ya rufe fata.

A wannan bangaren, fatar jikin ku tana da kauri sosai, wanda ke sauƙaƙe numfashin fatarsu, yana da ƙima kuma ana ba shi wadataccen jijiyoyin jini, aladu da gland (a wasu lokuta masu guba) wanda ke ba su damar kare kansu daga ɓarna muhalli da sauran mutane, suna aiki azaman layin farko na kariya.

Yawancin nau'ikan, kamar su dendrobatids (kwaɗi masu guba), suna da launuka masu haske sosai hakan yana ba su damar ba da “faɗakarwa” ga masu farautarsu, saboda suna da ban sha'awa sosai, amma wannan launin kusan koyaushe yana da alaƙa da ƙwayoyin guba. Wannan a yanayi ana kiranta aposematism na dabba, wanda ainihin launi ne na faɗakarwa.

Skeleton Amphibian da Ƙarshe

Wannan rukunin dabbobin yana da bambanci iri -iri dangane da kwarangwal dinsa dangane da sauran kasusuwan kasusuwa. A lokacin juyin halittar su, su rasa da gyara kasusuwa da yawa na gaban goshi, amma kugunsa, ya bunƙasa sosai.

Kafafu na gaba suna da yatsun kafa huɗu da na baya, biyar, kuma tsawo ne don tsalle ko iyo, sai dai a cikin 'yan caecilians, waɗanda suka rasa gabobin bayansu saboda salon rayuwarsu. A gefe guda, dangane da nau'in, ana iya daidaita ƙafafun baya don tsalle da iyo, amma kuma don tafiya.

Bakin Amphibian

Bakin amphibians yana da halaye masu zuwa:

• Raunin hakora;
• Babban baki da fadi;
• Muscularized da nama harshe.

Harsunan Amphibian suna sauƙaƙe ciyar da su, kuma wasu nau'in suna iya fitowa don kama abin farautar su.

Amphibian ciyarwa

Amsa tambayar game da abin da masu cin abincin dabbobi ke ci yana da ɗan wayo, kamar yadda dabbobi masu rarrafe ke cin abinci ya bambanta da shekaru, samun damar ciyar da tsirrai na ruwa a lokacin tsutsar tsutsa da ƙananan invertebrates a matakin manya, kamar:

• Tsutsotsi;
• Ƙwari;
• Gizo -gizo.

Hakanan akwai nau'ikan dabbobin da zasu iya cin abinci kananan kasusuwa, kamar kifi da masu shayarwa. Misalin wannan shine garken shanu (wanda aka samu a cikin ƙungiyar kwaɗo), waɗanda mafarautan dama ne kuma galibi suna iya shaƙa yayin ƙoƙarin haɗiye abin da ya yi yawa.

Amphibian numfashi

Amphibians suna da gill numfashi (a cikin matakin tsutsa) da fata, godiya ga fatar jikin su mai kauri da raɗaɗi, wanda ke ba su damar musayar gas. Koyaya, manya kuma suna da numfashin huhu kuma, a yawancin nau'in, suna haɗa hanyoyin numfashi guda biyu a duk rayuwarsu.

A gefe guda kuma, wasu nau'in salamanders gaba ɗaya ba su da numfashin huhu, don haka kawai suna amfani da musayar gas ta fata, wanda galibi ana nade shi domin saman musayar ya karu.

Haihuwar Amphibian

Amphibians suna nan jinsi daban, wato suna dioecious, kuma a wasu lokuta akwai dimorphism na jima'i, wanda ke nufin namiji da mace sun bambanta. Haɓakar haɓakar waje ta musamman ga anuran kuma na ciki zuwa urodelus da gymnophionas. Dabbobi ne masu rarrafe kuma ana sanya ƙwai a cikin ruwa ko ƙasa mai danshi don hana bushewa, amma a yanayin salamanders, namiji yana barin fakitin maniyyi a cikin substrate, wanda ake kira spermatophore, wanda mace za ta tattara daga baya.

Ana sanya ƙwai na Amphibian a ciki talakawa wanda iyaye suka samar kuma, bi da bi, ana iya kiyaye shi ta hanyar gelatinous membrane wanda kuma yana kare su daga kamuwa da cututtuka da masu farautar su. Yawancin jinsuna suna da kulawar iyaye, duk da cewa ba kasafai suke yin su ba, kuma wannan kulawar ta takaita ne kan daukar kwai a cikin baki ko tadpoles a bayansu, da kuma motsa su idan akwai mai farauta a kusa.

Hakanan, suna da magudanar ruwa, da dabbobi masu rarrafe da tsuntsaye, kuma ta wannan tashar ne ake yin hayayyafa da fitar da jiki.

Wasu halaye na amphibians

Baya ga halayen da aka ambata, an rarrabe amphibians ta waɗannan masu zuwa:

• tricavitary zuciya. Fatar jikin ku tana da ƙarfi sosai.
• Yi ayyukan muhalli: tun da yawancin jinsuna suna cin kwari waɗanda za su iya zama kwari ga wasu tsirrai ko ƙwayoyin cuta, kamar sauro.
• Waɗannan su ne bioindicators masu kyau. Wannan ya sa yawan su ya ragu a yankuna da dama na duniya.
• Babban bambancin nau'in: akwai nau'ikan dabbobi masu rarrafewa sama da 8,000 a cikin duniya, wanda sama da 7,000 suka dace da anurans, kusan nau'ikan urodelos 700 kuma sama da 200 sun dace da gymnophionas.
• Wanda ke cikin haɗari: adadi mai yawa na nau'ikan suna da rauni ko haɗari saboda lalacewar mazaunin da cutar da ake kira chytridiomycosis, wanda ke haifar da cututtukan fungal chytrid, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, wanda ke lalata al'ummomin su da yawa.

Idan kuna son karanta ƙarin labarai makamantansu Halayen Amphibian,, muna ba da shawarar cewa ku shiga ɓangaren Curiosities na duniyar dabbobi.