Dabbobin da ke rayuwa a ƙarƙashin teku

Wadatacce

• Dabbobi masu zurfin teku: Yankin Abyssal
• Dabbobi masu zurfin teku: Halaye
• Dabbobi 10 da ke rayuwa a ƙarƙashin teku da hotuna
• 1. Caulophryne jordani ko fanfin masunta
• 2. Kifin maciji
• 3. Dumbo dorinar ruwa
• 4. Goblin shark
• 5. Kifin Shaidan Baki
• 6. Kumbin kifi
• 7. Kifin dragon
• 8. Kifin kifi
• 9. Tsutsar Pompeii
• 10. Kifin viper
• Dabbobi masu zurfin teku: Ƙarin Dabbobi

A fauna abyssal za ku iya samun dabbobi masu halaye na zahiri masu ban mamaki, waɗanda suka cancanci fina -finai masu ban tsoro. Abyssal masu zurfin teku suna rayuwa cikin duhu, a cikin duniyar da ba a san ɗan adam ba. Makafi ne, suna da manyan hakora wasu ma har da iyawa bioluminescence. Waɗannan dabbobin suna da ban sha'awa, sun sha bamban da waɗanda aka saba da su, kuma kada ku bari kowa ya kasance yana nuna halin ko in kula game da wanzuwar sa.

A cikin wannan labarin PeritoAnimal, zamuyi magana game da shi dabbobin da ke rayuwa a ƙarƙashin teku, yana bayanin yadda mazaunin yake, halaye, kuma za mu kuma nuna muku misalai 10 tare da hotuna da wasu sunaye 15 na dabbobin da ba a saba gani ba. Na gaba, za mu bayyana muku wasu daga cikin mafi munanan halittu a Duniya da wasu abubuwan ban sha'awa. Shirya don jin ɗan tsoro tare da waɗannan dabbobin zurfin teku!

Dabbobi masu zurfin teku: Yankin Abyssal

Saboda mawuyacin yanayi na wannan muhallin, ɗan adam ya bincika kawai 5% na yankunan teku a fadin duniya Duniya. Saboda haka, duniyar shuɗi, mai 3/4 na farfajiya ta ruwa, kusan ba a san mu ba. Koyaya, masana kimiyya da masu bincike sun sami damar tabbatar da wanzuwar rayuwa a cikin ɗayan zurfin matakan teku, a zurfin fiye da mita 4,000.

Yankunan abyssal ko abyssopelagic wurare ne na kankare a cikin tekuna waɗanda ke kaiwa zurfin tsakanin mita 4,000 zuwa 6,000, kuma waɗanda ke tsakanin yankin bathypelagic da yankin hadal. Hasken rana ba zai iya kaiwa ga waɗannan matakan ba, don haka zurfin ruwan abyssal yake yankunan duhu, sanyi sosai, tare da ƙarancin ƙarancin abinci da babban matsin lamba na hydrostatic.

Daidai saboda waɗannan yanayi, rayuwar ruwa ba ta da yawa, ko da yake abin mamaki ne. Dabbobin da ke zaune a waɗannan yankuna ba sa cin abinci a kan tsirrai, saboda ciyayi ba zai iya aiwatar da photosynthesis ba, amma a kan tarkace da ke saukowa daga manyan yadudduka.

Koyaya, akwai yankuna har ma da zurfi fiye da yankunan abyssal, the ramukan abyssal, tare da zurfin har zuwa kilomita 10. Waɗannan wuraren an san su da kasancewa inda faranti tectonic guda biyu ke haɗuwa, kuma suna gabatar da mawuyacin yanayi fiye da waɗanda aka bayyana a cikin yankunan rami. Abin mamaki, har ma a nan akwai wata fauna ta musamman kamar kifi da molluscs, musamman karami da bioluminescent.

Abin lura ne cewa, har zuwa yau, wuri mafi zurfi da aka sani a cikin teku yana kudu maso gabashin Tsibirin Mariana, a kasan yammacin tekun Pacific, kuma ana kiransa Maɓallin Marianas. Wannan wurin ya kai matsakaicin zurfin mita 11,034. Dutsen mafi tsayi a doron duniya, Dutsen Everest, ana iya binne shi a nan kuma har yanzu yana da tazarar kilomita 2!

Dabbobi masu zurfin teku: Halaye

Dabbar abyssal ko abyssopelagic fauna ta fito don kasancewa ƙungiya mai yawan dabbobi masu ban mamaki da ban tsoro, a sakamakon matsin lamba da sauran abubuwan da waɗannan halittu suka dace da su.

Wata sifar dabbobin da ke rayuwa a cikin zurfin teku ita ce bioluminescence. Dabbobi da yawa daga wannan rukunin samar da hasken kansu, godiya ga ƙwayoyin cuta na musamman waɗanda, ko a kan eriyarsu, aka yi amfani da su musamman don jan hankalin abin da suke farauta, ko akan fatarsu, don kamawa ko tserewa yanayi mai haɗari. Don haka, bioluminescence na gabobin su yana ba su damar jan hankalin ganima, tserewa masu farauta har ma da sadarwa tare da sauran dabbobi.

Hakanan yana da yawa don gigantism na abyssal. Manyan halittu, kamar gizo -gizo na teku, tsayinsa ya kai mita 1.5, ko murtsunguwa har zuwa santimita 50, sun zama ruwan dare a waɗannan wuraren. Koyaya, waɗannan sifofi na musamman ba kawai abin mamaki bane a cikin dabbobin da ke rayuwa a cikin teku da zurfin teku, akwai wasu abubuwan da ke haifar da daidaitawa don rayuwa irin wannan matakin matakin farfajiya:

• Makanta ko idanun da galibi ba sa aiki, saboda rashin haske;
• Manyan bakuna da hakora, sau da yawa girma fiye da jikin da kansu;
• ciki dilating, mai iya cin ganima mafi girma fiye da ita kanta dabbar.

Hakanan kuna iya sha'awar jerin sunayen dabbobin ruwa na prehistoric, duba shi.

Dabbobi 10 da ke rayuwa a ƙarƙashin teku da hotuna

Kodayake har yanzu akwai abubuwa da yawa don bincika da koyo game da su, a kowace shekara ana gano sababbin nau'in da ke zaune a cikin waɗannan wuraren da ba su da kyau a duniyar tamu. A ƙasa, zamu nuna misalai 10 tare da hotunan dabbobin da ke rayuwa a ƙarƙashin teku wanda mutum ya gane su kuma abin mamaki ne:

1. Caulophryne jordani ko fanfin masunta

Mun fara jerin dabbobinmu masu zurfin teku tare da kifin kaulophryne jordan, kifin dangin Caulphrynidae wanda ke da kamannin jiki na musamman. yana auna tsakanin 5 da 40 santimita kuma yana da katon baki mai kaifi, hakora masu ban tsoro. An ba da wannan yanayin zagaye-zagaye gabobin da ke da hankali a cikin hanyar spines, wanda ke aiki don gano motsin ganima. Hakanan, eriyarsa tana aiki don jan hankali da kamun kifi.

2. Kifin maciji

Shark maciji (Chlamydoselachus anguineus) an dauke shi a "burbushin rayuwa", kamar yadda yake daya daga cikin tsoffin nau'in halittu a doron kasa wanda bai canza ba a yayin juyin halittarsa ​​tun kafin tarihi.

Ya yi fice don kasancewa dabba mai tsayi kuma babba, tare da matsakaita na Tsawon mita 2, ko da yake akwai mutanen da suka cimma nasarar Mita 4. Haƙƙin shark maciji yana da 25 layuka tare da hakora 300, kuma yana da ƙarfi musamman, yana ba shi damar cin babban ganima. Bugu da ƙari, tana da buɗaɗɗen gill guda 6, tana iyo da bakinta a buɗe kuma abincinta ya dogara ne akan kifi, squid da sharks.

3. Dumbo dorinar ruwa

A karkashin kalmar "octopus-dumbo" muna nuna dabbobi masu zurfin teku na mallakar halittar Grimpoteuthis, a cikin odar dorinar ruwa. Sunan an yi wahayi zuwa gare shi ta ɗayan halayen zahiri na waɗannan dabbobin, waɗanda ke da fikafikai biyu a kai, kamar sanannen giwar Disney. Duk da haka, a wannan yanayin ƙusoshin suna taimaka wa dorinar ruwa don motsa kanta da iyo.

Wannan dabbar tana rayuwa tsakanin 2,000 da 5,000 mita mai zurfi, kuma yana ciyar da tsutsotsi, katantanwa, jakunkuna da bivalves, godiya ga motsawar da siphons ɗin sa ke samarwa.

4. Goblin shark

Shark goblin (Matsukurina owstoni) wata dabba ce daga cikin zurfin teku wanda yawanci abin mamaki ne. Wannan nau'in ma na iya aunawa tsakanin mita biyu zuwa uku, duk da haka, ya fito waje don haƙorarsa, cike da hakora masu kaifi sosai, haka kuma tsawa da ke fitowa daga fuskarsa.

Koyaya, mafi kyawun abin da ya shafi wannan yanayin shine ikon sa project your jaw gaba lokacin da ka bude bakinka. Abincin su ya dogara ne akan kifin teleost, cephalopods da kaguwa.

5. Kifin Shaidan Baki

Kifin shaidan baki (Melanocetus johnsonii) kifin abyssal ne daga 20 santimita, wanda ke ciyar da yawancin crustaceans. Yana zaune a cikin zurfin teku tsakanin mita 1,000 zuwa 3,600, yana kaiwa zurfin mita 4,000. Yana da kamannin da wasu za su ga abin tsoro, da kuma kallon gelatinous. Wannan kifin mai zurfin teku ya yi fice a kansa bioluminescence, kamar yadda yake da "fitila" wanda ke taimaka muku haska yanayin duhu.

Idan kuna da sha'awar sanin ƙarin dabbobin da ke rayuwa a ƙarƙashin teku, ku kuma duba labarinmu akan dabbobi 5 mafi haɗari a duniya.

6. Kumbin kifi

Kifin kumfa, wanda kuma aka sani da dropfish (Psychrolutes marcidus), yana daya daga cikin mafi karancin dabbobin ruwa a duniya, yana da kamanni gelatinous kuma ba tare da musculature ba, ban da kasusuwa masu taushi. Tana da zurfin mita 4,000, kuma tana alfahari da lambar yabo ta farko "mafi munin kifaye a duniya", a cewar Kungiyar Kula da Dabbobi mara kyau. Matakan game da ƙafa a tsawon. Wannan bakon dabba yana zama, marar haƙori da yana ciyarwa ne kawai a kan haƙarƙarin da ke kusa da bakinsa.

7. Kifin dragon

Kifin dragon (kyau stomias) yana da jiki mai tsayi da tsayi, tsakanin 30 da 40 santimita na tsawon. Baki, mai girman gaske, yana da dogayen hakora masu kaifi, ta yadda wasu mutane ba za su iya rufe bakinsu gaba ɗaya ba.

8. Kifin kifi

Dabba ta gaba akan jerin dabbobinmu masu zurfin teku shine kifin ogre, kawai nau'in kifin cikin dangi. Anoplogastridae. Yawanci suna auna tsakanin santimita 10 zuwa 18 kuma suna da hakora marasa daidaituwa idan aka kwatanta da sauran jikinku. Kifin ogre ba shi da ƙarfin bioluminescence, don haka hanyar farautar ta ƙunshi yi shiru a bakin teku har sai ganima ta matso ta gano ta da hankulan ta.

9. Tsutsar Pompeii

Tsutsar pompei (alvinella girma) yana da kusan tsayin santimita 12. Yana da tentacles a kansa da kuma furry. Wannan tsutsa yana zaune a haɗe da bangon bangon ramukan hydrothermal volcanic, a cikin ramukan teku. Abin sha'awa game da waɗannan dabbobi masu zurfin teku shine cewa zasu iya tsira daga yanayin zafi har zuwa 80ºC.

10. Kifin viper

Mun ƙare jerin dabbobinmu masu zurfin teku tare da viperfish (chauliodus danae), wani kifin abyssal mai tsawo, tsayin santimita 30, wanda ke rayuwa cikin zurfin har zuwa mita 4,400. Abin da ya fi ba da mamaki game da wannan kifin shine hakora masu kaifi, wanda yake amfani da shi wajen kai farmaki bayan ya jawo su da nasa bioluminescent photophores, ko gabobin haske, waɗanda ke ko'ina cikin jiki.

Ƙara koyo game da dabbobin da ba a saba gani ba a cikin labarinmu akan dabbobin ruwa masu guba na Brazil.

Dabbobi masu zurfin teku: Ƙarin Dabbobi

Don kammala jerin zurfin halittun teku, ga jerin sunayen ƙarin sunaye 15 dabbobin da ke rayuwa a ƙarƙashin teku rare da mamaki:

1. Ruwan ruwan octopus mai launin shuɗi
2. kifi grenadier
3. kifin mai ganga
4. kifin gatari
5. saber kifi
6. pelican kifi
7. Amphipods
8. Chimera
9. tauraro
10. isopod kato
11. akwatin kifaye
12. Babban squid
13. Hairy jellyfish ko jellyfish mane na zaki
14. Jahannama Vampire Squid
15. Haɗuwa da Blackfish