Dabbobin da ke zaune a cikin kogo da ramuka

Wadatacce

• Ƙungiyoyin dabbobin da ke zaune a cikin kogo da ramuka
• Proteus
• Guacharo
• teddy bat
• Synopoda scurion gizo -gizo
• Turai mole
• bera mole tsirara
• Rodent Zygogeomys trichopus
• mawakin amurka
• Afirka ta yi kunkuru
• Eupolybotrus cavernicolus
• Sauran dabbobin da ke zaune a cikin kogo ko ramuka

Bambancin dabbobin duniya ya ci kusan dukkanin yanayin halittu don ci gabanta, wanda ya haifar da 'yan wuraren da ba gida wani irin fauna. A cikin wannan labarin Peritoanimal muna so mu gabatar muku da wata kasida game da dabbobin da ke rayuwa a cikin kogo, da aka sani da dabbobin kogo, da kuma waɗanda ke zaune a cikin ramuka, waɗanda suka haɓaka halaye da yawa waɗanda ke sauƙaƙa rayuwa a waɗannan wuraren.

Akwai rukuni uku na dabbobi da daidaitawa ga mazaunin kogo kuma irin wannan rarrabuwa yana faruwa gwargwadon amfani da muhallin. Don haka, akwai dabbobin troglobite, dabbobin troglophile da na trogloxenous. A cikin wannan labarin za mu kuma yi magana game da wani rukunin da ake kira dabbobin burbushin halittu.

Shin kuna son sanin misalai daban -daban na dabbobin da ke zaune a cikin kogo da ramuka? Don haka ci gaba da karatu!

Ƙungiyoyin dabbobin da ke zaune a cikin kogo da ramuka

Kamar yadda muka riga muka ambata, akwai ƙungiyoyin dabbobi guda uku da ke zaune a cikin kogo. A nan za mu yi musu cikakken bayani:

• dabbobin troglobite: su ne waɗancan nau'in waɗanda a cikin tsarin juyin halitta suka dace da rayuwa ta musamman a cikin kogo ko kogo. Daga cikin su akwai wasu tsutsotsi, dabino, kwari, arachnids har ma da nau'in kifi kamar lambaris.
• dabbobi masu rarrafe: su ne dabbobin da ke jan hankalin kogo kuma suna iya haɓaka fannoni daban -daban kamar haifuwa da ciyarwa a cikin su, amma kuma suna iya kasancewa a waje da su, kamar wasu nau'in macizai, beraye da jemagu.
• dabbobin troglophile: su ne dabbobin da za su iya rayuwa a wajen kogon ko ciki, amma ba su da gabobin musamman na kogo, kamar troglobites. A cikin wannan rukunin akwai wasu nau'ikan arachnids, crustaceans da kwari irin su ƙwaro, kyankyasai, gizo -gizo da kwarin maciji.

Daga cikin dabbobin da ke zaune a ramuka, muna haskaka burbushin dabbobi. Su mutane ne masu burbushin halittu kuma suna rayuwa a ƙarƙashin ƙasa, amma kuma suna iya motsawa akan farfajiya, kamar bera ta tsirara, baja, salamanders, wasu beraye har ma da wasu nau'in ƙudan zuma da kumburi.

Na gaba, zaku sadu da nau'ikan da yawa waɗanda ke cikin waɗannan rukunin.

Proteus

Da Proteus (Proteus anguinus) Yana da ammoniyan troglobite wanda ke numfashi ta cikin gills kuma yana da fifikon rashin haɓaka metamorphosis, don haka yana riƙe da kusan duk halayen tsutsa koda a lokacin balaga. Don haka, a cikin watanni 4 na rayuwa, mutum daidai yake da iyayensu. wannan amphibian shine kawai memba na halittar Proteus kuma yana da bayyanar kama da wasu samfuran axolotl.

Dabba ce mai tsayin jiki, har zuwa 40 cm, mai kamannin maciji. Ana samun wannan nau'in a cikin wuraren da ke ƙarƙashin ruwa a cikin ƙasa Slovenia, Italiya, Croatia da Bosnia.

Guacharo

A guácharo (Steatornis caripensis) daya tsuntsu troglophile 'yan asalin Kudancin Amurka, waɗanda aka samo galibi a Venezuela, Colombia, Brazil, Peru, Bolivia da Ecuador, kodayake yana nan a wasu yankuna na nahiyar. Masanin halitta Alexander von Humboldt ne ya gano shi a daya daga cikin balaguron sa zuwa Venezuela.

Ana kuma kiran guácharo da tsuntsun kogon saboda yana ciyar da yini gaba ɗaya a cikin irin wannan mazaunin kuma yana fitowa ne kawai da dare don ciyar da 'ya'yan itace. Don kasancewa ɗaya daga cikin dabbobin kogo, inda babu haske, ana samunsa ta hanyar sake maimaitawa kuma ya dogara da yanayin ƙamshinsa. Gabaɗaya, kogon da yake zaune yana jan hankalin masu yawon buɗe ido don ji da ganin wannan tsuntsun na musamman yana fitowa da zarar dare yayi.

teddy bat

Dabbobi daban -daban na dabbobin jemagu misali ne na troglophiles, da teddy jemage (Miniopterus schreibersii) yana daya daga cikinsu. Wannan dabbar tana da matsakaicin girma, tana auna kusan 5-6 cm, tana da mayafi mai kauri, launin toka a baya da m a cikin yankin ventral.

Ana rarraba wannan dabbar daga kudu maso yammacin Turai, arewa da yammacin Afirka ta Gabas ta Tsakiya zuwa Caucasus. Yana rataye a cikin manyan wuraren kogon da ke cikin yankunan da yake zaune kuma gaba ɗaya yana ciyarwa a yankunan da ke kusa da kogon.

Idan kuna son waɗannan dabbobin, gano nau'ikan jemagu da halayensu a cikin wannan labarin.

Synopoda scurion gizo -gizo

Wannan shine a gizo -gizo troglobite gano 'yan shekarun da suka gabata a Laos, a cikin tsarin kogo na kusan kilomita 100. Na nasa ne dangin Sparassidae, gungun arachnids da aka sani da manyan gizo -gizo.

Bambancin wannan gizo -gizo na farauta shi ne makanta, mai yiwuwa sanadiyyar sanadiyyar mazaunin da babu shi a ciki. Dangane da wannan, ba shi da ruwan tabarau ko pigments. Ba tare da wata shakka ba, yana ɗaya daga cikin dabbobin da ke da ban sha'awa da ke zaune a cikin kogo.

Turai mole

Moles ƙungiya ce da ta dace sosai don zama cikin ramuka waɗanda da kansu suke haƙa ƙasa. The mole na Turai (Talpa na Turai) misali ne na wannan, kasancewa a burbushin halittu ƙananan ƙananan, kai har zuwa 15 cm a tsawon.

Yankin rarrabuwarsa yana da fadi, kasancewar yana cikin Turai da Asiya. Kodayake yana iya rayuwa iri daban -daban na tsirrai, galibi ana samun sa a ciki gandun daji (tare da bishiyoyin bishiyoyi). Ta gina jerin ramuka ta inda take motsawa kuma, a ƙasa, shi ne rami.

bera mole tsirara

Duk da sanannen suna, wannan dabbar ba ta raba rarrabuwa ta haraji da moles. Bera ta tsirara (cutar heterocephalus) shi ne begen rayuwa ta karkashin kasa halin rashin gashi, wanda ke ba shi bayyanar sosai. Don haka misali ne bayyananne na dabbobin da ke zaune a cikin kogon karkashin kasa. Wani fasali na musamman shine tsayuwar sa a cikin rukunin berayen, saboda yana iya rayuwa kusan shekaru 30.

Wannan dabba burbushin yana da hadaddun tsarin zamantakewa, kwatankwacin na wasu kwari. A cikin wannan ma'anar, akwai sarauniya da ma'aikata da yawa, kuma na ƙarshen suna kula da haƙa ramukan da suke tafiya, neman abinci da kariya daga masu mamayewa. Yana da asalin Gabashin Afirka.

Rodent Zygogeomys trichopus

Waɗannan dabbobin suna da girma idan aka kwatanta da sauran berayen, ƙungiyar da suke. A wannan yanayin, su tsawon - game da 35 cm. Wataƙila saboda kusan rayuwarsa ta ƙarƙashin ƙasa, idanunsa ƙanana ne.

Shin nau'in endemic zuwa Mexico, musamman Michoacán. Yana zaune a cikin ƙasa mai zurfi, yana haƙa ramuka har zuwa zurfin mita 2, don haka shine nau'in zada burbushin halittu, sabili da haka, wani daga cikin mafi wakilcin dabbobin da ke zaune a cikin ramuka. Yana zaune a cikin dazuzzukan daji kamar su fir, spruce da alder.

mawakin amurka

Bikin Amurka (Bikin Kanada) ana ɗauka mafi girman bera a Arewacin Amurka, mai auna har zuwa cm 80.Yana da dabi'un ruwa, don haka yana ciyar da dogon lokaci a cikin ruwa, iya nutsewa har zuwa mintuna 15.

Dabba ce da za ta iya yin muhimman canje -canje a mazaunin inda take saboda gina madatsun ruwa na ƙungiyar. Yana ƙware a gina lauren ku, wanda yake amfani da katako, gansakuka da laka, waɗanda ke kusa da koguna da rafuffuka inda yake. Yana da asalin Kanada, Amurka da Mexico.

Afirka ta yi kunkuru

Wata dabbar da ke rayuwa a cikin mafi ban sha'awa da burrow burrows shine kunkuru na Afirka (Centrochelys sulcata), wanda shine wani burbushin halittu. Kunkuru ne na ƙasa mallakar dangin Testudinidae. An dauke shi na uku mafi girma a duniya, tare da namiji mai nauyin kilo 100 da kwankwasonsa mai tsawon cm 85.

An rarraba shi sosai a yankuna daban -daban na Afirka kuma ana iya samunsa kusa da koguna da rafuffuka, amma kuma a yankunan dune. Yawancin lokaci yana kan farfajiya ne da safe da lokacin damina, amma ga sauran ranar yawanci yana kwance cikin ramuka masu zurfi da yake haƙawa. har zuwa mita 15. Waɗannan burrows wasu lokuta wasu mutane fiye da ɗaya za su iya amfani da su.

Eupolybotrus cavernicolus

Wannan wata dabba ce daga cikin dabbobin da ke zaune a cikin kogo. Yana da nau'in endemic troglobite centipede daga cikin kogo biyu a cikin Croatia waɗanda aka gano a cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata. A Turai an fi kiranta da cyber-centipede saboda shine nau'in eukaryotic na farko wanda aka yi cikakken bayanin asalin sa a cikin DNA da RNA, da kuma ilimin halittar jiki da kuma anatomically rajista ta amfani da ingantattun kayan aiki.

Yana da kusan 3 cm tsayi, yana da launi wanda ya bambanta daga launin shuɗi-rawaya zuwa launin ruwan kasa. Ofaya daga cikin kogon da take zaune tana da tsayin mita sama da 2800 kuma akwai ruwa. Mutanen farko da aka tattara sun kasance a ƙasa ƙarƙashin duwatsun, a wuraren da babu haske, amma kusan mita 50 daga ƙofar, saboda haka, wani ne daga cikin dabbobin da ke zaune a cikin kogon karkashin kasa.

Sauran dabbobin da ke zaune a cikin kogo ko ramuka

Jinsunan da aka ambata a sama ba su kadai ba ne. dabbobin kogo ko kuma suna iya haƙa ramuka da gudanar da rayuwar ƙasa. Akwai wasu da yawa da ke raba waɗannan halaye. Ga wasu daga cikinsu:

• Neobisium birsteini: shine pseudoscorpion na troglobite.
• Troglohyphantes sp.: wani irin gizo -gizo ne na troglophile.
• Deep Schaefferia: shine nau'in arthropod na troglobite.
• Plutomurus ortobalaganensis: wani nau'in arthropod na troglobite.
• Catops na mahaifa: wannan shine coleopter troglophile.
• Oryctolagus cuniculus.
• Baibacina marmot: shine marmot mai launin toka, wanda shima yana zaune a cikin ramuka kuma shine nau'in burbushin halittu.
• Dipodomys agilis: shi ne beran kangaroo, shi ma dabba mai burbushin halittu.
• zuma zuma.
• Eisenia foetida: jajaye ne, wata dabba mai burbushin halittu.

Idan kuna son karanta ƙarin labarai makamantansu Dabbobin da ke zaune a cikin kogo da ramuka,, muna ba da shawarar cewa ku shiga ɓangaren Curiosities na duniyar dabbobi.