dabbobin daji - ma'ana, misalai da halaye

Wadatacce

• menene dabbobin dabbobi
• Halaye na dabbobi masu jin daɗi
• Ire -iren dabbobin jinjina
• Misalai na dabbobi masu gaisuwa
• ƙudan zuma (family Apidae)
• Tururuwa (iyali Maganin kashe kashe)
• Bera ta tsirara (cutar heterocephalus)
• Wolves (ruwan lupus)
• Wildebeest (jinsi Connochaetes)
• Bature mai cin kudan zuma (Merops apiaster)
• Yaren Flamingos (Phoenicopterus)
• Kifin zinariya (Notemigonus crysoleucas)
• Gorillas (jinsi gorilla)
• dabbar dolphin Lagenorhynchus obscurus)
• sauran dabbobin gaisuwa

A koyaushe muna jin cewa mu mutane ne dabbobin zamantakewa. Amma mu kadai ne? Shin akwai wasu dabbobin da ke ƙirƙirar ƙungiyoyi masu rikitarwa don tsira?

A cikin wannan labarin Peritoanimal, muna gayyatar ku don saduwa da waɗancan dabbobin da suka koyi zama cikin al'umma: dabbobin daji. Don haka za mu yi bayanin ma’anar, nau'ikan dabbobin jin daɗi da nuna misalai da yawa. Kyakkyawan karatu.

menene dabbobin dabbobi

Zamu iya ayyana zamantakewar dabbobi a matsayin bakan tsakanin tsaka -tsaki guda biyu: a gefe guda, na dabbobin da ke kadaita, waɗanda ke haduwa kawai don yin aure, da na cikakkiyar dabbobin zamantakewa (eusocial), wanda sa rayuwarsu a hidimar gama -gari, kamar yadda lamarin yake ga ƙudan zuma ko tururuwa.

Haɗin kai hali ne wanda ya haɗa da haɗin kan dabbobin jinsi iri ɗaya, dangi ko a'a, su zauna tare a cikin sarari ɗaya, raba alaƙar zamantakewa.

Halaye na dabbobi masu jin daɗi

Sau da yawa ana jayayya cewa halin zamantakewa ya bayyana a tarihin juyin dabbobi don fifita rayuwa. O nishaɗi yana da fa'idodin juyin halitta da yawa kuma za mu bayyana mafi mahimmancin su a ƙasa:

• Mafi kyawun abinci: dabbobin daji suna iya samun ingantaccen abinci don dalilai da yawa. Wannan na iya faruwa saboda suna farauta cikin ƙungiyoyi, kamar kyarkeci (ruwan lupus), tunda ta wannan hanyar za su iya samun ganima mafi girma idan sun yi farauta su kaɗai. Hakanan yana yiwuwa memba na ƙungiya ya gaya wa wasu inda za su sami abinci.
• Kula da zuriya: wasu dabbobi masu jin daɗi, lokacin lokacin kiwo ya isa, raba ayyukan. Don haka, wasu suna kula da neman abinci, wasu suna kare yankin kuma wasu suna kula da kwikwiyo. Wannan dabi'a ta zama ruwan dare a cikin jakar zinariya (Gidan Aureus), misali. A cikin wannan nau'in, maza da mata suna yin ma'aurata masu aure guda ɗaya, kuma maza na zuriyarsu suna ci gaba da zama a cikin yankin da aka saba don taimakawa ma'auratan da zarar sun balaga. Wani abu makamancin haka yana faruwa da giwaye: an haɗa mata a cikin garken da mazan ke barin lokacin da suka balaga. Amma a cikin waɗannan rukunin giwayen mata, duka uwaye da kakanni suna kula da matasa.
• Tsaro daga masu cin nama: dabbobin da ke cin gaisuwa sun fi samun tsira daga hare -haren masu farauta saboda dalilai masu zuwa: A gefe guda, yayin da ƙarin membobin ƙungiyar ke sane da kasancewar masu farauta, zai fi sauƙi a guje su. A wasu lokuta, saboda akwai ƙarfi a lambobi, dabbobi na iya kare kansu a matsayin ƙungiya daga hare -hare; kuma a ƙarshe, tunani na son kai amma mai ma'ana: da yawan membobin ƙungiyar suna da ƙarancin ƙima shine abin ganimar da kanta.
• Kariya daga mummunan yanayin muhalli: ta fuskar tsananin sanyi, wasu nau'in, irin su penguins, suna tafiya cikin ƙungiya don kare juna. Hakanan yana yiwuwa mafi kyawun abincin da ake bayarwa ta hanyar sada zumunci yana ba wa dabbobi da yawa ƙarin kuzarin da za su iya jure sanyi. Wasu nazarin sun nuna cewa, a cikin wasu dabbobin, kamfanonin mutane iri ɗaya suna rage matakan damuwa, wanda kuma, yana ba su damar kula da lafiyar jiki, wanda yake da mahimmanci yayin fuskantar yanayi mara kyau.

Hakanan kuna iya sha'awar wannan labarin na PeritoAnimal game da dabbobi 10 mafi kadaici a duniya.

Ire -iren dabbobin jinjina

Mun riga mun ga menene dabbobin gaisuwa kuma menene maƙasudin wannan ɗabi'a, amma waɗanne irin saɓo ne? Ana iya raba dabbobin gaisuwa zuwa rukuni daban -daban dangane da ma'aunin da muke amfani da su don rarrabasu. Idan muka duba, alal misali, dalilin da yasa suke raba sararin su tare da mutane iri ɗaya, zamu iya raba su gida biyu:

• Dangantaka ta asali: lokacin da yake faruwa tsakanin mutane iri ɗaya.
• alaƙar da ba ta dace ba: lokacin da yake faruwa tsakanin mutane iri daban -daban da ke zaune a yanki ɗaya kawai saboda wurin albarkatu, kamar ruwa da abinci.

Yana da kyau a ambaci cewa ba kowa bane a sami dabbobi masu jin daɗi tsakanin membobin herpetofauna (amphibians da dabbobi masu rarrafe), tare da keɓaɓɓun keɓancewa, kamar kore iguanas (iguana iguana).

Misalai na dabbobi masu gaisuwa

Ga wasu misalan dabbobi masu gaisuwa:

ƙudan zuma (family Apidae)

Ƙudan zuma ƙwari ne na zamantakewar al'umma waɗanda ke taruwa a cikin yankuna da aka tsara zuwa azuzuwan zamantakewa guda uku: ƙudan zuma ma'aikata, jirage marasa matuka da kudan zuma. Kowane ɗayan waɗannan nau'ikan yana da aikinsa:

• ma'aikatan kudan zuma: ƙudan zuma masu aiki, waɗanda su ne mafi yawan ƙudan zuma a cikin hive, mata ne marasa haihuwa, masu alhakin tsaftacewa da kare gidan, gina bangarori, samar da abinci ga sauran garken, da adana wannan abincin.
• jirage marasa matuka: jirage marasa matuka ne ke kula da takin babban kudan zuma.
• Sarauniya Bee: ita kadai ce mace da ta samu ci gaban jima'i. Ita ce ke kula da haifuwa, ta haifar da sabon ƙarni na ƙudan zuma, ta parthenogenesis. Don yin wannan, tana ɗora ƙwai mai ƙoshin daga ciki wanda ƙudan zuma za su ƙyanƙyashe da ƙwai da ba sa haihuwa wanda zai haifar da sabbin jirage marasa matuka.

Manufar mulkin kudan zuma ita ce kula da kanta da kuma haifar da kudan zuma.

Tururuwa (iyali Maganin kashe kashe)

Tururuwa suna yin tururuwa an shirya shi a cikin gidaje uku: tururuwa masu aiki (galibi mata marasa haihuwa), tururun sojoji (galibi maza marasa haihuwa), maza masu haihuwa, da sarauniya ɗaya ko fiye.

Yana da tsarin matsayi na iya bambanta, kamar yadda wasu rarrabuwa na iya faruwa: alal misali, akwai nau'in da ba su da sarauniya, a cikin haka ne wasu ma'aikata masu haihuwa ke kula da haihuwa. Kamar ƙudan zuma, tururuwa suna ba da haɗin kai da sadarwa don yin aiki tare cikin tsari mai kyau don amfanin mulkin mallaka.

Bera ta tsirara (cutar heterocephalus)

Bera ta tsirara sananniyar dabbar dabbar daji ce: kamar tururuwa da kudan zuma, ana rarraba ta cikin simintin gyare-gyare, ɗaya daga cikinsu ƙwararre ne wajen hayayyafa, yayin da sauran kuma ba sa haihuwa. Akwai sarauniya da wasu maza, wanda aikinsa shine yin aure tare da sarauniya, yayin da sauran membobin bakarare ke haƙa ramuka na gama gari waɗanda mazaunin ke zaune a ciki, neman abinci, kula da sarauniya da zuriyarta, da kuma kare ramukan daga masu ƙuntatawa.

Wolves (ruwan lupus)

Duk da “keɓaɓɓiyar kyarkeci” stereotype, kerkeci dabbobin zamantakewa ne sosai. Suna zaune cikin fakitoci masu tsari tare da bayyana matsayi na zamantakewa, wanda ma'aurata masu kiwo ke jagoranta (waɗanda aka fi sani da membobinsu alpha namiji da alpha mace). Wannan ma'auratan suna jin daɗin babban matsayin zamantakewa: an ɗauke su aikin warware yaƙin ƙungiya, rarraba abinci, da kiyaye haɗin fakiti. Lokacin da kerkeci ya bar fakitin, ba ya shiga neman kaɗaicin da ke alaƙa da wannan dabba; yana yin hakan ne don neman abokin aure, kafa sabon yanki, da ƙirƙirar fakitinsa.

Wildebeest (jinsi Connochaetes)

Dukansu wildebeest fararen wutsiya (Connochaetes gnou) da gandun daji mai baƙar fataTaurine Connochaetes) su ne shanu na Afirka na zamantakewa sosai. An kasu kashi biyu daban -daban: a gefe guda, mata da zuriyarsu suna taruwa. Maza kuwa, su ke yin nasu garken. Ko da hakane, waɗannan ƙananan ƙungiyoyin suna son raba sarari tare da juna da kuma tare da wasu. ungulate dabbobi kamar zebra ko barewa, wanda suke ba da haɗin kai wajen gano masu farauta da gudu daga gare su.

A cikin wannan labarin, zaku gano wasu dabbobin daga Afirka.

Bature mai cin kudan zuma (Merops apiaster)

Kudan zuma na kudan zuma ko kudan zuma na Turai tsuntsaye ne masu farauta. Yana birgima a cikin ramukan da yake ƙirƙirawa a bangon gangara kusa da koguna da tabkuna. kungiyoyin wadannan dabbobin daji galibi suna gida gida ɗaya, don haka al'ada ce ga gidan mai kudan zuma na Turai ya kasance tare da wasu da yawa na nasa.

Yaren Flamingos (Phoenicopterus)

Babu ɗayan nau'ikan flamingo daban -daban da ke keɓe musamman. sun saba zama sosai zamantakewa, kafa manyan ƙungiyoyi waɗanda ke tafiya tare. A lokacin kiwo, masarautar tana samun takamaiman wuri don saka ƙwai, sanya su da kuma renon yaransu, wanda kuma babban misali ne na dabbobi masu jin daɗi.

Shin kun taɓa yin mamakin me yasa flamingos ke da wannan launi mai haske? A cikin wannan labarin na PeritoAnimal, munyi bayanin dalilin da yasa flamigo ruwan hoda ne.

Kifin zinariya (Notemigonus crysoleucas)

Kifin zinari nau'in kifi ne, kamar sauran mutane, yana tarawa tare da sauran membobi iri ɗaya a makarantun da ke iyo a hanya ɗaya. Abu ne gama gari cewa, a lokacin ƙaura, ƙungiyar tana jagorantar wasu daga cikin karin gogaggun mutane.

Gorillas (jinsi gorilla)

Wani misalin dabbar dabbar dabbar dabbar ko gungun gorillas. Gorillas suna ƙirƙirar manyan ƙungiyoyi galibi mata da samari maza, kuma jagorancin wani babban namiji, wanda ke yanke shawarar lokacin da garken ya kamata ya motsa, yana taimakawa wajen magance rikice -rikice, kuma shine babban mai tsaron ƙungiyar akan masu farautar.

Gorillas suna sadarwa da juna ta hanyar sauti da alamun gani, kuma suna da harshe mai wadata, tare da sautuka daban -daban. Kamar sauran dabbobin daji, suna koyo ta hanyar kwaikwayo kuma suna ƙaunar juna. An sami lokuta da yawa na makoki tsakanin gorillas lokacin da wani dan uwa ko abokin sani ya mutu.

dabbar dolphin Lagenorhynchus obscurus)

Wannan dabbar dolphin mai walƙiya, kamar yawancin dangin Delphinidae, Dabba ce sosai zamantakewa. An tsara membobin wannan nau'in cikin ƙungiyoyi, wanda zai iya kasancewa daga membobi 2 zuwa ɗaruruwan mutane. Af, kun san wace dabbar dolphin ce? Muna jaddada cewa harshen Fotigal ba ya yin rijistar kalma don ayyana ƙungiyar dabbar dolphin, saboda haka, ba daidai ba ne a kira gungun dabbar dabbar dabbar dabbar dabbar dabbar dabbar dabbar dabbar dabbar dabbar dabbar dabbar dabbar ba. A cewar malamin Fotigal Pasquale Neto, kawai ku ce kungiya.^[1]

Komawa ga dabbar dolphins mai launin toka ko maraice, wanda kuma ana ɗaukar su dabbobin jin daɗi, galibi ana kafa manyan ƙungiyoyi tare da manufa ɗaya, ko don ciyarwa, ƙaura ko zamantakewa, amma galibi waɗannan manyan ƙungiyoyin suna ƙananan ƙungiyoyi na abokan tarayya na dogon lokaci.

Hakanan kuna iya sha'awar wannan labarin game da abubuwan nishaɗi 10 game da dabbar dolphin.

sauran dabbobin gaisuwa

Daga cikin dabbobin da suma ke zaune cikin ƙungiya, waɗannan ma sun yi fice:

• Giwaye.
• Dawakai na zinariya.
• Green iguanas.
• Kifirai.
• Zomaye.
• Zaki.
• Zebra.
• Tumaki.
• Ƙafar ƙafa.
• Dawakai.
• Bonobos.
• Barewa.
• Guinea aladu.
• Gerbils.
• Beraye.
• Parakeets.
• Ƙarfi.
• Korafi.
• Coatis.
• Capybaras.
• Boars.
• Orcas.
• Kuraye.
• Lemur.
• Meerkats.

Yanzu da kuka san komai game da dabbobi masu gaisuwa, kar ku rasa bidiyon da ke gaba game da manyan dabbobi da aka taɓa samu a duniya:

Idan kuna son karanta ƙarin labarai makamantansu dabbobin daji - ma'ana, misalai da halaye,, muna ba da shawarar cewa ku shiga ɓangaren Curiosities na duniyar dabbobi.