black bear

Wadatacce

• asalin black bear
• Bayyanar da halayen jiki na baƙar fata
• baki hali hali
• baki haifuwa
• Matsayin kiyaye black bear

O black bear (ursus americanus. Kanada da Amurka. A zahiri, akwai yuwuwar kun ga an nuna shi a cikin sanannen fim ko jerin shirye -shiryen Amurka. A cikin wannan nau'in PeritoAnimal, zaku iya samun ƙarin cikakkun bayanai da son sani game da wannan babbar dabbar daji ta duniya. Karanta don ƙarin koyo game da asalin baƙar fata, bayyanar, ɗabi'a da haifuwa.

• Amurka
• Kanada
• Amurka

asalin black bear

black bear ne a nau'in dabbobi masu shayarwa na dangin beyar, 'yan asalin Arewacin Amurka. Yawanta ya zarce daga arewa na Kanada da Alaska zuwa yankin Sierra Gorda na Mexico, gami da tekun Atlantika da tekun Pacific Amurka. Mafi girman taro na mutane ana samunsa a cikin gandun daji da yankuna na tsaunukan Kanada da Amurka, inda ya riga ya zama nau'in kariya. A cikin ƙasar Mekziko, yawancin jama'a sun yi karanci kuma galibi an iyakance su ga yankuna masu tsaunuka a arewacin ƙasar.

Peter Simon Pallas, fitaccen masanin kimiyyar nazarin halittu na Jamus kuma masanin kimiyyar tsirrai. A halin yanzu, an san nau'ikan nau'ikan baƙar fata 16 kuma, abin ban sha'awa, ba duka ke da baƙar fata ba. Bari mu ga abin da Ƙungiyoyi 16 na baƙar fata wanda ke zaune a Arewacin Amurka:

• Ursus americanus altifrontalis: yana zaune a arewa da yamma na Pacific, daga British Columbia zuwa arewacin Idaho.
• Ursus americanus ambiceps: An samo shi a Colorado, Texas, Arizona, Utah, da arewacin Mexico.
• Ursus americanus americanus: tana zaune a yankunan gabashin Tekun Atlantika, kudanci da gabashin Kanada, da Alaska, kudancin Texas.
• Ursus americanus californiensis: ana samuwa a tsakiyar kwarin California da kudancin Oregon.
• Ursus americanus carlottae: yana rayuwa ne kawai a Alaska.
• Ursus americanus cinnamomum: yana zaune a Amurka, a jihohin Idaho, Western Montana, Wyoming, Washington, Oregon da Utah.
• ursus americanus emmonsii: An samo shi ne kawai a kudu maso gabashin Alaska.
• Ursus americanus eremicus: yawanta ya takaita ne a arewa maso gabashin Mexico.
• Ursus americanus floridanus: yana zaune a jihohin Florida, Georgia da kudancin Alabama.
• Ursus americanus hamiltoni: wani yanki ne na tsibirin Newfoundland.
• Ursus americanus kermodei: yana zaune a tsakiyar gabar tekun British Columbia.
• Ursus americanus luteolus.
• ursus americanus machetes: yana rayuwa ne kawai a Meziko.
• ursus americanus mai lalata.
• Ursus americanus pugnax: Wannan beyar tana rayuwa ne kawai a cikin tsibirin Alexander (Alaska).
• Ursus americanus vancouveri: yana zaune ne kawai a tsibirin Vancouver (Kanada).

Bayyanar da halayen jiki na baƙar fata

Tare da rassansa guda 16, baƙar fata na bera yana ɗaya daga cikin nau'in beyar tare da mafi girman bambancin ilimin halittu tsakanin mutanenta. Gaba ɗaya, muna magana ne game da a babban bear mai kauri, ko da yake yana da ƙanƙanta ƙwarai da beyar launin ruwan kasa da bears. Baƙar fata baƙar fata yawanci suna tsakanin Tsawon 1.40 da mita 2 da tsawo a bushewa tsakanin mita 1 zuwa 1.30.

Nauyin jiki na iya bambanta ƙwarai dangane da nau'ikan kuɗi, jinsi, shekaru da lokacin shekara. Mace na iya yin nauyi daga 40 zuwa 180 kg, yayin da nauyin namiji ya bambanta tsakanin 70 da 280 kg. Waɗannan bears yawanci suna isa matsakaicin nauyin su yayin faɗuwar, lokacin da dole ne su cinye abinci mai yawa don shirya don hunturu.

Bakin kan baki yana da madaidaicin bayanin fuska, tare da ƙananan idanu masu launin ruwan kasa, wani hanci mai nuni da kunnuwa masu zagaye. Jikinsa, a gefe guda, yana bayyana bayanin martaba mai kusurwa huɗu, yana da ɗan tsayi fiye da yadda yake da tsayi, tare da gaɓoɓin kafafunsa a bayyane sun fi gaban (kusan santimita 15). Dogayen kafafu masu ƙarfi da ƙarfi suna ba da damar baƙar fata ta ci gaba da tafiya cikin matsayi mai ƙafa biyu, wanda shine alamar waɗannan dabbobi masu shayarwa.

Godiya ga ƙusoshinsu masu ƙarfi, baƙar fata bears kuma iya tono da hawan bishiyoyi cikin sauki. Dangane da sutura, ba duk nau'ikan baƙar fata masu baƙar fata suna nuna mayafin baƙar fata ba. A duk faɗin Arewacin Amurka, ana iya ganin nau'ikan da ke da launin ruwan kasa, ja, cakulan, shuɗi, har ma da mayafi ko fararen fata.

baki hali hali

Duk da girmansa da ƙarfinsa, beyar baƙar fata tana da yawa agile da daidai lokacin farauta, kuma yana iya hawa dogayen bishiyoyin gandun daji inda yake zaune a Arewacin Amurka don gujewa barazanar da ake iya samu ko hutawa cikin kwanciyar hankali. Motsawarsa halaye ne na dabbar dabba mai shayarwa, wato yana ba da cikakken goyon bayan tafin ƙafarsa a ƙasa lokacin tafiya. Hakanan, suna gwanayen ninkaya kuma galibi suna ƙetare manyan magudanan ruwa don motsawa tsakanin tsibiran tsibiran ko tsallaka daga babban birni zuwa tsibiri.

Godiya ga ƙarfin su, ƙusoshin su masu ƙarfi, saurin su da ingantattun hankulan su, baƙar fata berayen mafarauta ne masu kyau waɗanda za su iya kama ganima iri-iri. A zahiri, galibi suna cinyewa daga kwari da ƙananan kwari zuwa rodents, barewa, kifi, kifi da kaguwa. Daga ƙarshe, su ma za su iya cin gajiyar gawarwakin da sauran mafarauta suka bari ko kuma su ci ƙwai don ƙara cin furotin a cikin abincin su. Koyaya, kayan lambu suna wakiltar kusan 70% na abubuwan da ke ciki abinci mai cin abinci, cinyewa da yawa ganye, ciyawa, berries, 'ya'yan itatuwa da Pine kwayoyi. Suna kuma son zuma kuma suna iya hawa manyan bishiyoyi don samun ta.

A lokacin faɗuwar, waɗannan manyan dabbobi masu shayarwa suna ƙaruwa sosai don cin abincin su, saboda suna buƙatar samun isasshen kuzarin makamashi don kiyaye daidaiton metabolism yayin hunturu. Koyaya, baƙar fata ba sa yin bacci, a maimakon haka suna kula da wani irin bacci na lokacin hunturu, lokacin da zafin jiki ke raguwa kaɗan kaɗan yayin da dabbar ke bacci na dogon lokaci a cikin kogon ta.

baki haifuwa

black bears ne dabbobi masu kadaici wanda kawai ke shiga cikin abokan hulɗarsu da isowar lokacin balaga, wanda ke faruwa tsakanin watannin Mayu da Agusta, a lokacin bazara da bazara na Arewacin Hemisphere. Gabaɗaya, maza suna isa balaga ta jima'i daga shekara ta uku na rayuwa, yayin da mata ke yin hakan tsakanin shekara ta biyu zuwa ta tara na rayuwa.

Kamar sauran nau'ikan beyar, baƙar fata bea shine dabbar viviparous, wanda ke nufin hadi da ci gaban zuriya na faruwa ne a cikin mahaifa na mace. Baƙi na bera sun jinkirta haɓakar juna biyu, kuma amfrayo baya fara haɓaka har zuwa kimanin makonni goma bayan kwaɗayin, don hana haihuwa daga haihuwa. Lokacin yin ciki a cikin wannan nau'in yana tsakanin watanni shida zuwa bakwai, wanda a ƙarshe mace za ta haifi ɗa ɗaya ko biyu, waɗanda aka haife su da gashi, tare da rufe idanu da matsakaicin nauyin daga 200 zuwa 400 grams.

Iyaye za su shayar da 'yan kwikwiyo har sai sun kai wata takwas, lokacin da za su fara gwaji da abinci mai kauri. Koyaya, za su zauna tare da iyayensu na farkon shekaru biyu ko uku na rayuwa, har sai sun kai ga balaga ta jima'i kuma sun shirya tsaf don rayuwa ita kaɗai. Tsawon rayuwar ku a cikin yanayin sa na iya bambanta tsakanin 10 da 30 shekaru.

Matsayin kiyaye black bear

Dangane da jerin Jerin IUCN na Dabbobin da ke Cikin Hadari, an rarrabe baƙar fata a cikin jihar mafi ƙarancin damuwa, galibi saboda yawan mazaunin sa a Arewacin Amurka, ƙarancin kasancewar masu farautar halitta da dabarun kariya. Koyaya, yawan baƙar fata beyar ya ragu sosai a cikin ƙarni biyu da suka gabata, galibi saboda farauta. An kiyasta cewa game da 30,000 mutane ana farauta a kowace shekara, galibi a Kanada da Alaska, kodayake an tsara wannan aikin bisa doka kuma ana kiyaye nau'in.