Nau'o'in aku - Halaye, Sunaye da Hotuna

Mawallafi: Peter Berry
Ranar Halitta: 14 Yuli 2021
Sabuntawa: 14 Nuwamba 2024
Anonim
HARRY POTTER GAME FROM SCRATCH
Video: HARRY POTTER GAME FROM SCRATCH

Wadatacce

Parrots tsuntsaye ne da na cikin tsarin Psittaciformes, ya ƙunshi nau'in da ake rarrabawa a duk faɗin duniya, musamman a wurare masu zafi da na wurare masu zafi na Kudancin Amurka, Afirka, Ostiraliya da New Zealand, inda ake samun manyan bambance -bambance. Suna wakiltar ƙungiya waɗanda halayensu sun bambanta su sosai da sauran tsuntsaye, kamar su ƙarfi, ƙarfi da lanƙwasa baki wanda ke ba su damar cin abinci iri -iri iri da iri, kazalika da prehensile da zygodactile kafafu. A daya bangaren kuma, suna dauke da filaye masu dimbin zane -zane, ban da samun nau’o’i masu yawa. Suna cikin dabbobin da suka fi hankali kuma suna iya sake muryar muryar ɗan adam, wata siffa da ke sa su zama tsuntsaye na musamman.


Ci gaba da karanta wannan labarin PeritoAnimal kuma zamuyi magana akai iri aku, halayensu da sunayensu.

Halayen aku

Wadannan tsuntsaye suna yin oda tare da fiye da nau'in 370 waɗanda ke zaune a yankuna na wurare masu zafi da na ƙasa na duniya kuma an raba su zuwa manyan iyalai guda uku (Strigopidea, Psittacoidea da Cacatuoidea) waɗanda suka bambanta da halaye kamar girma, launin fulawa da rarraba yanayin ƙasa. Suna da halaye na musamman iri -iri, kamar yadda za mu gani a ƙasa:

  • kafafu. Gajeru ne amma masu ƙarfi kuma tare da su za su iya riƙe rassan bishiyoyin da ƙarfi.
  • nozzles: Bakinsu yana da ƙarfi, mai kauri kuma yana ƙarewa a cikin ƙira mai ƙarfi, sifar da ke bambanta su da sauran tsuntsaye, haka kuma harshe na muscular wanda ke aiki kamar soso lokacin ciyar da pollen, misali, ko kamar yatsa lokacin suna son cire wani ɓangaren haushi daga itace. Suna taɗi inda suke adana abincin a wani ɓangare sannan su sake jujjuya abin da ke ciki don kwikwiyo ko abokin tarayya.
  • abinci: yana da banbanci sosai kuma gaba ɗaya yana kunshe da 'ya'yan itatuwa da iri, kodayake wasu nau'in na iya ƙara abincin su da pollen da tsirrai da wasu kuma suna cin gawarwaki da ƙananan kasusuwa.
  • Mazauna: mamaye daga hamadar bakin teku, busassun gandun daji da gandun daji masu zafi zuwa muhallin halittu, kamar shuka da amfanin gona. Akwai nau'ikan janar na gaba -gaba waɗanda ke dacewa da sauƙaƙe don canje -canje a cikin muhallinsu da wasu waɗanda suka fi ƙwararru waɗanda ke buƙatar keɓaɓɓun mahalli don haɓaka cikin nasara, sifar da ke sa su zama masu rauni sosai kuma waɗanda ake barazana ga yawancin nau'ikan.
  • Halayya: nau'o'in aku daban -daban tsuntsaye ne masu jin daɗi, wato suna zaman jama'a kuma suna yin ƙungiyoyi masu girman gaske, wasu nau'in har ma suna ƙungiyoyin dubunnan mutane. Yawancin jinsuna suna samar da ma'aurata don rayuwa, don haka sun kasance mata daya -daya kuma suna gina gida a cikin ramin bishiyoyi ko tudun tsararru, ban da New Zealand Kakapo (Strigops habroptilus), wanda shine kawai aku wanda baya tashi kuma yana gina gida a ƙasa, da Monk Parakeet na Argentina (myiopsittamonachus) waɗanda ke yin manyan, gida -gida na gari ta amfani da rassan. An san su da kasancewa ɗaya daga cikin ƙungiyoyin tsuntsaye masu wayo da kuma iyawar su na koyan kalmomi da jumloli masu zurfin tunani.

Taxonomic rarrabuwa parrots

An rarraba tsarin Psittaciformes zuwa manyan iyalai uku waɗanda, bi da bi, suna da nasu rarrabuwa. Don haka, an rarrabe manyan nau'ikan parrots cikin manyan magidanta masu zuwa:


  • Strigopidea: ya hada da akuyar New Zealand.
  • Cockatoo: ya hada da cockatoos.
  • psittacoid: ya hada da shahararrun parrots da sauran aku.

Strigopidea superfamily

A halin yanzu, akwai nau'ikan guda huɗu na wannan babban gidan: kakapo (Strigops haroptitus), ku (Nestor notabilis), kaka from the South Island (Nestor meridionalis meridionalis) da North Island kaka (Nestor meridionalis spetentrionalis).

Babban iyali na Strigopidea ya kasu gida biyu, waɗanda suka haɗa da nau'ikan parrots da aka ambata:

  • Strigopidae: tare da halittar Strigops.
  • Nestoridae: tare da jinsi Nestor.

Cacatuidae Superfamily

Kamar yadda muka fada, wannan dangi ya ƙunshi cockatoos, don haka kawai ya haɗa da Iyalin Cockatoo, wanda ke da ƙananan ƙungiyoyi uku:


  • Nymphicinae: tare da jinsi Nymphicus.
  • Calyptorhynchinae: tare da halittar Calyptorhynchus.
  • Cacatuinae: tare da jigon Probosciger, Eolophus, Lophochroa, Callocephalon da Cacatua.

Mun sami nau'in kamar farin cockatoo (farin cockatoo), cockatiel (Nymphicus hollandicus) ko cockatoo baki mai wutsiya (Calyptorhynchus banksii).

Psittacoid Superfamily

Ita ce mafi girman duka, saboda ta ƙunshi nau'ikan parrots sama da 360. Ya kasu gida uku, kowanne yana da dangoginsa daban -daban da asalinsu:

  • psittacidae: ya hada da dangin dangi psittacinae (tare da zuriyar Psittacus da Poicephalus) da arinae (tare da genera (Somalisorhynchus, Ara, Cyanopsitta, Primolius, Orthopsittaca, Diopsittaca, Rhynchopsitta, Ognorhynchus, Leptosittaca, Guaruba, Aratinga, Pyrrhura, Nandayus, Cyanoliseus, Enicognathus, Pionopsipiota, Pionopsipiota Grass, Pionopsipiota Grass, Pionopsipiota Grass , Deroptyus, Hapalopsittaca, Touit, Brotogeris, Bolborhynchus, Myiopsitta, Psilopsiagon da Nannopsittaca).
  • psittrichasidae: ya hada da dangin dangi psittrichasinae (tare da halittar Psittrichas) da Coracopseinae (tare da jinsin Coracopsis).
  • psittaculidae: ya hada da dangin dangi Platycercine (tare da zuriyar Barnardius, Platycercus, Psephotus, Purpureicephalus, Northiella, Lathamus, Prosopeia, Eunymphicus, Cyanoramphus, Pezoporus, Neopsephotus da Neophema), Psittacellinae (tare da halittar Psittacella), Loriinae (tare da genera Oreopsittacus, Charmosyna, Vini, Phigys, Neopsittacus, Glossopsitta, Lorius, Psitteuteles, Pseudeos, Eos, Chalcopsitta, Trichoglossus, Melopsittacus, Psittaculirostris da Cyclopsitta), Agapornithinae (tare da genera Bolbopsittacus, Loriculus da Agapornis) da psittaculinae (tare da zuriyar Alisterus, Aprosmictus, Polytelis, Eclectus, Geoffroyus, Tanygnathus, Psittinus, Psittacula, Prioniturus da Micropsitta).

A cikin wannan dangin mun sami nau'in akuya, don haka akwai nau'ikan irin su Bourke parakeet (Neopsephotus bourkii), fuskokin da ba za a iya raba su ba (lovebirds canus) ko jan makogwaro akankeet (Charmosyna amabilis).

Hakanan ana iya rarrabe nau'ikan aku da girman, kamar yadda za mu gani a sashe na gaba.

Nau'o'in ƙananan aku

Akwai nau'ikan ƙaramin parrots iri -iri, don haka a ƙasa zaɓi na mafi yawan wakilai ko shahararrun nau'in.

Pygmy aku (Tsarin microps)

Wannan nau'in na gidan Psittacoidea ne na dangi (dangin Psittaculidae da Psittaculinae na dangi). Tsawon 8 zuwa 11 cm, shine mafi ƙanƙanin nau'in aku da ke wanzuwa. Wannan ɗan tsiro ne na ɗan ƙaramin karatu, amma asalinsa ga New Guinea, yana zaune a cikin gandun daji masu ɗimbin yawa kuma yana yin ƙananan ƙungiyoyi na kusan mutane shida.

Tuim mai launin shuɗi (Forpus xanthopterygius)

Hakanan ana kiranta parakeet mai fuka-fukai, ana samun wannan nau'in a cikin babban gidan Psittacoidea (dangin Psittacidae da dangin Arinae), suna aunawa 13 cm tsayi, ɗan asalin Kudancin Amurka ne kuma yana zaune a wuraren da aka buɗe don wuraren shakatawa na birni. Yana gabatar da dimorphism na jima'i (halin da ba a saba gani ba a cikin tsarin Psittaciformes), inda namiji ke da gashin fuka -fukan jirgin sama kuma mace gaba ɗaya kore ce. Yana da yawa don ganin su a cikin nau'i -nau'i.

Parakeet na Australiya (Melopsittacus mara iyaka)

An san shi parakeet na Australiya, yana cikin babban gidan Psittacoidea (dangin Psittaculidae, dangin Loriinae), asalin asalin Ostiraliya ne kuma yana can a can, kodayake an gabatar da shi a wasu ƙasashe da yawa. Matakan game 18 cm tsayi kuma yana zaune a wurare masu bushewa ko tsaka -tsaki zuwa gandun daji ko wuraren dazuzzuka. A cikin wannan nau'in akwai dimorphism na jima'i kuma ana iya bambanta mace da namiji ta kakin baki (naman da wasu tsuntsaye ke da shi a gindin baki), kamar yadda mata masu launin ruwan kasa, yayin da namiji mai launin shuɗi.

Parakeet na Ostiraliya yana ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun nau'ikan parrots na cikin gida saboda girmansa, halinsa da kyawunsa. Koyaya, dole ne a jaddada cewa duk tsuntsayen da ke rayuwa a zaman talala dole ne su ji daɗin lokutan tashi, saboda haka, ba bu kyau a tsare su cikin keji 24 sa'o'i a rana.

Nau'o'in matsakaitan aku

Daga cikin nau'ikan akuya sama da 370, muna kuma samun nau'in matsakaici. Wasu daga cikin sanannun sune:

Steak na Argentina (myiopsitta monachus)

Matsakaicin matsakaitan nau'in akuya, masu auna kusan 30 cm tsayi. Na gidan Psittacoidea ne na dangi (dangin Psittacidae da dangin Arinae). Yana zaune a Kudancin Amurka, daga Bolivia zuwa Argentina, duk da haka, an gabatar da shi a wasu ƙasashe a Amurka da sauran nahiyoyi, wanda ya sa ya zama kwaro, saboda yana da ɗan gajeren lokacin haihuwa kuma yana ƙwai da yawa. Bugu da ƙari, nau'in jinsi ne mai son juna wanda ke da gidajen jama'a waɗanda ma'aurata da yawa ke raba su.

Cockatoo na Filifin (Cockatoo haematuropygia)

Wannan tsuntsu yana da yawa a cikin Filipinas kuma yana zaune a yankuna masu ɗanɗano. An samo shi a cikin babban gidan Cacatuoidea (dangin Cacatuidae da Cacatuinae). Yana kaiwa zuwa 35 cm tsayi kuma farin furensa ba shi da tabbas ga yankin ruwan hoda da yake gabatarwa ƙarƙashin fuka -fukan jela da kuma gashin kansa mai launin rawaya ko ruwan hoda. Wannan nau'in yana cikin haɗarin ɓacewa saboda farauta ba bisa ƙa'ida ba.

Haɗu da dabbobin da ke da haɗarin ɓacewa a Brazil a cikin wannan labarin.

Lory mai launin rawaya (Lorius chlorocercus)

Wani nau'in da aka haɗa a cikin babban gidan Psittacoidea (dangin Psittaculidae, dangin Loriinae). Lory-collared lory wani nau'in asalin tsibirin Solomon Islands ne wanda ke mamaye dazuzzuka masu danshi da wuraren tsaunuka. Ba ni tsakanin 28 zuwa 30 cm tsayi kuma tana da fentin launin launi wanda ya yi fice don nuna ja, kore da rawaya, kuma don samun murfin baƙar fata a kansa. Jinsin ne wanda ba a yi nazari sosai ba, amma ana ɗauka cewa ilimin halittar sa yayi kama da sauran Psittaciformes.

Ire -iren manyan aku

Mun rufe nau'ikan parrots da aka jera su da girma tare da mafi girman duka. Mafi shahararrun nau'ikan sune:

Macaw ko Hyacinth MacawAnorhonorhynchus hyacinthinus)

Na gidan Psittacoidea ne na dangi (dangin Psittacidae, subfamily Arinae), ɗan asalin Brazil ne, Bolivia da Paraguay, kuma nau'in nau'in aku ne da ke zaune a cikin gandun daji da gandun daji. Yana iya samun auna fiye da mita, kasancewar mafi girman nau'in macaw. Dabbobi ne masu ban sha’awa ba kawai don girmansa da jelarsa da fuka -fukai masu tsayi ba, har ma da launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi tare da bayanan rawaya a kusa da idanu da baki. An lasafta shi a matsayin "Mai rauni" saboda asarar muhallinsa da cinikin haramtacciyar hanya, ban da kasancewa jinsin da tsarin halittar halittar sa yayi tsawo sosai, yayin da ya kai shekarun haihuwa a shekaru 7.

Dukansu don kyawunsa da hankalinsa, macaw hyacinth shine ɗayan shahararrun nau'ikan parrots na cikin gida. Koyaya, dole ne mu tuna cewa wannan nau'in mai rauni ne, don haka yakamata ya rayu cikin 'yanci.

Araracanga (makao)

Wani nau'in babban gidan Psittacoidea (dangin Psittacidae, dangin Arinae), yana kaiwa fiye da 90 cm tsayi ciki har da jelarsa, wacce ke da dogayen fuka -fukai, ta sa ta zama daya daga cikin manyan akuya da ta wanzu. Tana zaune a cikin gandun daji na wurare masu zafi, gandun daji, tsaunuka da wuraren da ba su da yawa daga Mexico zuwa Brazil. Ya zama ruwan dare gama gari ganin garken mutane sama da 30 waɗanda suka yi fice don jan fatar jikinsu tare da fuka -fukai masu launin shuɗi da rawaya.

Green macaw (soja ara)

Wannan macaw ne ɗan ƙarami fiye da sauran, kuma an haɗa shi a cikin babban gidan Psittacoidea (dangin Psittacidae, subfamily Arinae), kuma wanda ke shafar kusan 70 cm tsayi. Dabbobi ne da suka faro daga Mexico zuwa Argentina kuma suna mamaye dazuzzuka cikin yanayi mai kyau na kiyayewa, wanda shine dalilin da yasa ake amfani da shi azaman bioindicator na kiwon lafiya da ingancin mahalli da yake ciki, kamar yadda yake ɓacewa daga ƙazantattun wurare. An lasafta shi a matsayin “Mai rauni” saboda asarar muhallinsa. Furensa kore ne a jiki, tare da jan bayani dalla -dalla a goshi.

Iri magana aku

A cikin duniyar tsuntsaye, akwai umarni da yawa tare da nau'in da ke da ikon kwaikwayon muryar ɗan adam da koyo, haddacewa da maimaita kalmomi da jumloli. A cikin wannan rukunin akwai nau'ikan aku da yawa waɗanda ke da alamar hankali kuma suna iya yin mu'amala da mutane, saboda suna iya koyan jumla har ma da haɗa su da ma'ana. Za mu duba wasu daga cikin nau'in aku da suke magana akai.

Kwango ko Grey Parrot (Psittacus erithacus)

Wani nau'in babban gidan Psittacoidea (dangin Psittacidae, dangin Psittacinae), 'yan asalin Afirka waɗanda ke zaune a cikin gandun daji da savannas masu ɗumi. Yana auna kusan tsakanin 30 zuwa 40 cm a tsayi kuma yana da ban sha'awa sosai don launin toka mai launin toka tare da fuka -fukan jela. Dabbobi ne masu matukar kulawa da muhallinsa kuma shine, daidai gwargwado, nau'in aku aku. yana da a babban ikon koyan kalmomi da haddace su, haka ma, yana da hankali kwatankwacin na ƙaramin yaro.

Daidai saboda hikimarsa da ikon koyo, aku congo shine ɗayan shahararrun nau'ikan parrots na cikin gida a duniya. Bugu da ƙari, muna nuna mahimmancin barin waɗannan dabbobin kyauta don su iya tashi da motsa jiki. Haka kuma, muna ƙarfafa ku da ku yi tunani kan mallakar tsuntsu kafin ku ci gaba da yin riƙo saboda duk halayen da muka ambata a sama.

Parrot-fronted parrot ko ainihin aku (da Amazon)

'Yan asalin Kudancin Amurka, wannan nau'in aku yana cikin babban gidan Psittacoidea (dangin Psittacidae, dangin Arinae), yana zaune a cikin gandun daji da gandun daji, gami da yankunan periurban da wuraren shuka daga Bolivia zuwa Argentina. Shin irin tsawon rai, yana da bayanan mutane har zuwa shekaru 90. Yana da girman kusan 35 cm da sifa mai siffa a goshi tare da gashin fuka -fukai. Ya shahara sosai saboda ikon sake muryar ɗan adam kuma yana iya koyan adadi mai yawa na kalmomi da dogon jimla.

Ecletus aku (Eclectus roratus)

Wani nau'in da ake rarrabawa a Tsibirin Solomon, Indonesia, New Guinea da Australia, inda ya mamaye dazuzzukan daji da gandun daji da wuraren tsaunuka. An haɗa shi a cikin babban gidan Psittacoidea (dangin Psittaculidae, subittamily Psittaculinae). Tsawonsa yana tsakanin 30 zuwa 40 cm kuma yana da fa'ida sosai alama dimorphism jima'i, kamar yadda namiji da mace suka bambanta dangane da cewa na ƙarshen yana da jan jiki tare da cikakkun bayanai a cikin shuɗi da baƙar fata baki, yayin da namiji kore ne kuma bakinsa rawaya. Lokacin da suka gano wannan nau'in, sai ya sa su yi tunanin cewa iri biyu ne daban. Wannan nau'in, kamar na baya, shima yana iya sake muryar muryar ɗan adam, kodayake yana buƙatar ƙarin lokaci don koyo.

Idan kuna son karanta ƙarin labarai makamantansu Nau'o'in aku - Halaye, Sunaye da Hotuna,, muna ba da shawarar cewa ku shiga ɓangaren Curiosities na duniyar dabbobi.