Masarautar dabbobi: rarrabuwa, halaye da misalai

Mawallafi: John Stephens
Ranar Halitta: 22 Janairu 2021
Sabuntawa: 20 Nuwamba 2024
Anonim
Masarautar dabbobi: rarrabuwa, halaye da misalai - Dabbobin Dabbobi
Masarautar dabbobi: rarrabuwa, halaye da misalai - Dabbobin Dabbobi

Wadatacce

O mulkin dabbobi ko metazoa, da aka sani da mulkin dabbobi, ya hada da kwayoyin halittu daban -daban. Akwai nau'ikan dabbobin da ba su wuce milimita, kamar rotifers da yawa; amma kuma akwai dabbobin da za su iya kaiwa mita 30, tare da shudi whale. Wasu suna rayuwa ne a cikin takamaiman wuraren zama, yayin da wasu na iya tsira har ma da mawuyacin yanayi. Wannan lamari ne na doki da tardigrades, bi da bi.

Bugu da ƙari, dabbobi na iya zama masu sauƙi kamar soso ko kuma sarkakiya kamar mutane. Koyaya, kowane nau'in dabbobi suna dacewa da mazauninsu kuma, godiya gare shi, sun tsira har zuwa yau. Kuna so ku sadu da su? Kada ku rasa wannan labarin PeritoAnimal game da mulkin dabbobi: rarrabuwa, halaye da misalai.


Rarraba dabbobi

Rarraba dabbobi yana da sarkakiya kuma ya haɗa da nau'ikan dabbobi ƙanana da ba za a iya ganinsu da ido ba, haka kuma ba a san su ba. Saboda yawan bambancin waɗannan rukunin dabbobin, bari kawai muyi magana game da phyla ko mafi yawa kuma sanannun nau'in dabbobi. Su ne kamar haka:

  • mafaka (Phylum Porifera).
  • Yaren Cnidarians (Phylum Cnidaria).
  • Platyhelminths (Phylum Platyhelminthes).
  • Molluscs (Phylum Mollusca).
  • ciwon annelids (Phylum Anellida).
  • Nematodes (Phylum Nematode).
  • Arthropods (Phylum Arthropod).
  • Echinoderms (Phylum Echinodermata).
  • Kirtani (Phylum Chordata).

Daga baya, za mu bar jerin abubuwan da ba a sani ba a masarautar dabbobi.

Porifers (Phylum Porifera)

Phylum na Poriferous ya ƙunshi fiye da nau'ikan 9,000 da aka sani. Yawancin su na ruwa ne, kodayake akwai nau'in ruwa 50. Muna komawa zuwa soso, wasu dabbobin da ke rayuwa a haɗe da matattarar abinci kuma suna ciyarwa ta hanyar tace ruwan da ke kewaye da su. Tsutsotsin su, duk da haka, masu motsi ne kuma masu rauni, don haka sun zama wani ɓangare na plankton.


Misalan Masu Aure

Anan akwai wasu misalai masu ban sha'awa na gandun daji:

  • soso gilashi(Euplectellaaspergillus): suna gida wasu ma'aurata na tsirrai Spongola wanda ke tare da shi.
  • Soso na Hermit (Suberites domuncula): yana tsiro akan bawon da tsirrai ke amfani da shi kuma yana amfani da motsin su don kama abubuwan gina jiki.

Cnidarians (Phylum Cnidaria)

Ƙungiyar cnidarian tana ɗaya daga cikin phyla mafi ban sha'awa na mulkin dabbobi. Ya ƙunshi nau'ikan ruwa sama da 9,000, galibi na ruwa. Suna halin su, a duk lokacin ci gaban su, suna iya gabatar da nau'ikan rayuwa guda biyu: polyps da jellyfish.


Polyps suna lanƙwasa kuma suna nan a haɗe da wani abin dogaro a kan tekun. Sau da yawa suna kafa yankunan da aka sani da suna murjani. Lokacin da lokaci ya yi don hayayyafa, nau'ikan da yawa suna canzawa zuwa halittu masu ban tsoro waɗanda ke shawagi a kan ruwa. An san su da jellyfish.

Misalan cnidarians

  • Karatu na Portuguese (Physalis na fure).
  • babban anemone(Heteractis mai girma).

Platyhelminths (Phylum Platyhelminthes)

Phylum flatworm ya ƙunshi fiye da nau'ikan 20,000 da aka sani tsutsotsi tsutsotsi. Yana ɗaya daga cikin ƙungiyoyin da aka fi jin tsoronsu a masarautar dabbobin saboda yanayin parasitic da ake yawan samu. Koyaya, yawancin tsutsotsi masu tsattsauran ra'ayi sune masu farautar rayuwa. Yawancin su hermaphrodite ne kuma girman su ya bambanta tsakanin milimita da mita da yawa.

Misalan tsutsotsi

Ga wasu misalai na tsutsotsi:

  • Tapeen (Solium Taenia).
  • Masu shiryawa(Pseudoceros spp ba.): tsutsotsi tsutsotsi da ke rayuwa a ƙarƙashin teku. Su masu farauta ne kuma sun yi fice don kyawun kyawun su.

Hakanan kuna iya sha'awar sanin waye mafi kyawun iyaye a cikin dabbobin.

Molluscs (Phylum Mollusca)

Phyllum Mollusca na ɗaya daga cikin mafi bambancin a cikin dabbobin dabba kuma ya haɗa da fiye da nau'ikan 75,000 da aka sani. Waɗannan sun haɗa da nau'in ruwa, ruwan sha da na ƙasa. An sifanta su da samun jiki mai taushi da ikon kera nasu harsashi ko kwarangwal.

Mafi sanannun nau'ikan molluscs sune gastropods (katantanwa da slugs), cephalopods (squid, octopus da nautilus) da bivalves (mussels da kawa),

Misalan kifin kifi

Anan akwai wasu misalai masu ban sha'awa na molluscs:

  • Yankin teku (disodoris spp.): kyakkyawa mara kyau na ruwa.
  • Yaren Nautilus (Nautilus spp ba.).
  • manyan mussels (tridacne spp ba.): su ne manyan bivalves da ke wanzuwa kuma suna iya kaiwa girman mita biyu.

Annelids (Phylum Annelida)

Ƙungiyar annelids ta ƙunshi fiye da 13,000 sanannun nau'in kuma, kamar yadda a cikin rukunin da suka gabata, sun haɗa da jinsuna daga teku, ruwan sha da ƙasa. A cikin rarrabuwa na dabbobi, waɗannan sune dabbobin da aka raba kuma daban -daban. Akwai azuzuwan uku ko nau'in annelids: polychaetes (tsutsotsi na ruwa), oligochaetes (tsutsotsi na ƙasa) da hirudinomorphs (leeches da sauran parasites).

Misalai na annelids

Anan akwai wasu misalai masu ban sha'awa na annelids:

  • Tsutsotsin kura (Sabellidae iyali): ya zama gama gari a ruɗe su da murjani, amma suna ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun annelids da ke wanzu.
  • Babban Gizon Amazon (Haementeria ghilianii): yana daya daga cikin manyan leches a duniya.

Hoto na biyu da aka ɗauka daga YouTube.

Nematodes (Phylum Nematoda)

Phylum nematode shine, duk da bayyanuwa, ɗayan mafi banbanci tsakanin rarrabuwa na dabbobi. Ya ƙunshi fiye da nau'ikan 25,000 na tsutsotsi. Waɗannan tsutsotsi sun mamaye dukkan mahalli kuma ana samun su a kowane matakin sarkar abinci. Wannan yana nufin cewa suna iya zama phytophagous, masu farauta ko parasites, wanda aka fi sanin su.

Misalan Nematodes

Ga wasu misalai na nematodes:

  • Soya nematode (Heterodera glycines).
  • Filarias na zuciya (Dirofilaria immitis): su ne tsutsotsi da ke gurgunta zuciya da huhun karnuka (karnuka, kyarkeci, da sauransu).

Arthropods (Phylum Arthropoda)

Phylum Arthropoda shine O mafi bambancin da yalwataccen rukuni na mulkin dabbobi. Rarraba waɗannan dabbobin sun haɗa da arachnids, crustaceans, myriapods da hexapods, daga cikinsu akwai kowane nau'in kwari.

Duk waɗannan dabbobi suna da su shafuka masu magana (kafafu, eriya, fuka -fuki da sauransu) da exoskeleton da ake kira cuticle. A lokacin rayuwarsu, suna canza cuticle sau da yawa kuma da yawa suna da larvae da/ko nymphs. Lokacin da waɗannan suka sha bamban da manya, suna shafar tsarin metamorphosis.

Misalan Arthropods

Don nuna bambancin wannan nau'in dabbobi, mun bar muku wasu misalai masu ban sha'awa na arthropods:

  • gizo -gizo (Pycnogonum spdon.): sune nau'ikan dangin Pycnogonidae, gizo -gizo kawai da ke wanzu.
  • Gane (pollicipes pollicipes).
  • Turai centipede (Scolopendra cingulata): shine mafi girma a tsakiyar Turai. Ciwonsa yana da ƙarfi sosai, amma yana da wuya ya iya kisa.
  • Zakin tururuwa (myrmeleon formicarius): kwari ne masu ƙanƙantar da kai waɗanda tsutsarsu ke rayuwa a binne a ƙasa ƙarƙashin rijiya mai siffa mai mazugi. A can, suna jira ƙanƙararsu ta faɗa cikin bakunansu.

Echinoderms (Phylum Echinodermata)

Phylum na echinoderms ya ƙunshi fiye da nau'ikan 7,000 waɗanda ke da alaƙa Siffar pentarradial. Wannan yana nufin za a iya raba jikinka zuwa sassa biyar daidai. Yana da sauƙi a yi tunanin lokacin da muka san irin dabbobin da suke: macizai, furanni, kokwamba, taurari da ƙaƙƙarfan teku.

Sauran sifofin echinoderms sune kwarangwal ɗinsu na limestone da tsarin tashoshinsu na ciki ta inda ruwan teku ke gudana. Larvae ma na musamman ne, saboda suna da sifar juna biyu kuma suna rasa ta yayin da rayuwarsu ke wucewa. Kuna iya sanin su da kyau a cikin wannan labarin akan haɓakar kifin.

Misalan echinoderms

Waɗannan wasu membobi ne na masarautar dabbobi waɗanda ke cikin rukunin echinoderms:

  • Lily na Tekun Indo-Pacific (Lamprometra palmata): kamar duk furannin furannin teku, suna rayuwa a haɗe da wani ɗan ƙaramin abu kuma suna da bakunan su a madaidaicin matsayi, kusa da dubura.
  • Swimmer kokwamba (Pelagothurianatatrix): yana daya daga cikin mafi kyawun masu ninkaya a cikin rukunin cucumber na teku. Kamanninsa yayi kama da na jellyfish.
  • Kambi na ƙaya (Acanthaster fili): Wannan kifin tauraro mai ban tsoro yana ciyar da polyps cnidarian (murjani).

Kirtani (Phylum Chordata)

Ƙungiyar chordate ta haɗa da sanannun ƙwayoyin halittu a cikin dabbobin, saboda ita ce phylum wanda ɗan adam da abokan sa ke ciki. Suna halin kasancewa da kwarangwal na ciki wanda ke tafiyar da tsawon dabbar. Wannan na iya zama notochord mai sassauƙa, a cikin madaidaitan mawaƙa; ko kashin kashin baya a cikin kasusuwan kasusuwa.

Bugu da ƙari, duk waɗannan dabbobin suna da igiyar jijiya ta dorsal (kashin kashin baya), tsagewar pharyngeal, da wutsiya ta baya, aƙalla a wani lokaci a ci gaban ɗan tayi.

Rarraba dabbobi masu igiya

An raba chordates, bi da bi, cikin waɗannan subphylums ko nau'ikan dabbobi:

  • Urochord: dabbobin ruwa ne. Yawancin su suna zaune a haɗe da substrate kuma suna da larvae masu rayuwa. Duk suna da murfin kariya da aka sani da riga.
  • Cephalochordate.
  • Gandun daji: ya haɗa da mafi sanannun ƙwayoyin halittu a cikin rarrabuwa na dabbobi: kifi da tetrapods (amphibians, dabbobi masu rarrafe, tsuntsaye da dabbobi masu shayarwa).

sauran nau'in dabbobi

Baya ga phyla mai suna, a cikin rarrabuwar masarautar akwai wasu da yawa ƙananan ƙungiyoyi da aka sani. Don kada mu bari su faɗi ta kan hanya, mun tattara su a cikin wannan sashin, muna haskaka da ƙarfin waɗanda suka fi yawa kuma masu ban sha'awa.

Waɗannan su ne nau'ikan dabbobi a cikin dabbobin da ba ku sanya suna ba:

  • Yaren Loricifers (Phylum Loricifera).
  • Quinorinums (Phylum Kinorhyncha).
  • Priapulids (Phylum Priapulida).
  • Nematomorphs (Nematomorphs)Phylum nematomorph).
  • GastrotricsPhylum Gastrotricha).
  • Tardigrades (Phylum tardirada).
  • Onychophores (Phylum Onychophora).
  • Ketognaths (Phylum Chaetognatha).
  • Acanthocephali (Phylum Acanthocephala).
  • Rotifers (Phylum Rotifera).
  • MicrognathosisPhylum Micrognathozoa).
  • GnatostomulidPhylum Gnatostomulid).
  • Ƙasar Equiuros (Phylum Echiura).
  • Sipuncles (Phylum Sipuncula).
  • Cyclophores (Phylum Cycliophora).
  • Entoproctos (Phylum Entoprocta).
  • Yaren Nemertinos (Phylum Nemertea).
  • Briozoas (Phylum Bryozoa).
  • Foronides (Phylum Phoronide).
  • BrachiopodsPhylum Brachiopoda).

Yanzu da kuka san komai game da mulkin dabbobi, rarrabuwa na dabbobi da phyla na masarautar dabbobi, kuna iya sha'awar wannan bidiyon game da manyan dabbobi da aka taɓa samu:

Idan kuna son karanta ƙarin labarai makamantansu Masarautar dabbobi: rarrabuwa, halaye da misalai,, muna ba da shawarar cewa ku shiga ɓangaren Curiosities na duniyar dabbobi.