Wadatacce
- Ƙungiyoyin Rayuwa 5 na Whittaker
- 1. Masarautar Monera
- 2. Masarautar Protist
- 3. Fungi na Masarautar
- 4. Masarautar Shuka
- 5. Masarautar Animalia
- Shin kuna son ƙarin sani game da rayayyun ƙasa?
An rarraba dukkan halittu masu rai zuwa masarautu biyar, daga ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta zuwa mutane. Wannan rarrabuwa yana da tushe na asali waɗanda masanin kimiyya ya kafa Robert Whittaker, wanda ya ba da gudummawa sosai ga nazarin halittun da ke rayuwa a Duniya.
Shin kuna son ƙarin sani game da Hanyoyi 5 na rayayyun halittu? A cikin wannan labarin na PeritoAnimal, zamuyi magana game da rarrabe rayayyun halittu zuwa masarautu biyar da manyan halayensu.
Ƙungiyoyin Rayuwa 5 na Whittaker
Robert Whittaker ya kasance babban masanin kimiyyar tsirrai a Amurka wanda ya mai da hankali kan fannin nazarin al'adun tsirrai. Shi ne mutum na farko da ya ba da shawara cewa a rarrabe dukkan abubuwan halittu cikin duniyoyi biyar. Whittaker ya dogara da halaye biyu na asali don rarrabuwarsa:
- Raba rayayyun halittu bisa ga abincin su: dangane da ko kwayar halittar tana ciyarwa ta hanyar photosynthesis, sha ko cin abinci. Photosynthesis shine tsarin da tsire -tsire za su ɗauki carbon daga iska kuma su samar da makamashi. Absorption shine hanyar ciyarwa, alal misali, ƙwayoyin cuta. Ciyarwa shine aikin shan abubuwan gina jiki ta baki. Ƙara koyo game da rarrabuwa na dabbobi dangane da abinci a cikin wannan labarin.
- Rarraba rayayyun halittu gwargwadon matakin ƙungiyarsu: mun sami kwayoyin prokaryote, eukaryotes unicellular da eukaryotes da yawa. Prokaryotes kwayoyin halittar unicellular ne, wato, sel guda ne ya samar da su, kuma ana siyan su da rashin cibiya a cikin su, ana samun kayan halittar su a tarwatse a cikin tantanin halitta. Kwayoyin Eukaryotic na iya zama unicellular ko multicellular (wanda ya ƙunshi sel biyu ko fiye), kuma babban sifar su ita ce ana samun kayan halittar su a cikin wani tsari da ake kira nucleus, a cikin sel ko sel.
Haɗuwa da halayen da suka ƙunshi rarrabuwa biyu da suka gabata, Whittaker ya rarrabe dukkan rayayyun halittu a ciki masarautu biyar: Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae da Animalia.
1. Masarautar Monera
Masarautar monera ya hada kwayoyin prokaryotic unicellular. Yawancinsu suna ciyarwa ta hanyar sha, amma wasu suna iya aiwatar da photosynthesis, kamar yadda lamarin yake da cyanobacteria.
cikin masarautar monera mun sami subrealms biyu, the na archaebacteria, waɗanda ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta ne da ke rayuwa a cikin mawuyacin yanayi, alal misali, wurare masu tsananin zafi, kamar cesspools na zafi a saman teku. Da kuma subkingdom na eubacteria. Ana iya samun Eubacteria a kusan kowane muhalli a doron ƙasa, suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a rayuwar Duniya kuma wasu na haifar da cuta.
2. Masarautar Protist
Wannan daula ya haɗa da kwayoyin halitta eukaryotes mai celled guda ɗaya da wasu kwayoyin halittu masu yawa sauki. Akwai manyan ƙananan abubuwa uku na mulkin Protist:
- Algae: unicellular ko multicellular aquatic organisms dake gudanar da photosynthesis. Sun bambanta da girman su, daga nau'ikan microscopic, kamar micromonas, zuwa manyan halittu waɗanda suka kai tsawon mita 60.
- Protozoa: galibi unicellular, mobile, and absorption-feeding organisms (kamar amoebas). Suna nan a kusan dukkanin wuraren zama kuma sun haɗa da wasu ƙwayoyin cuta na mutane da dabbobin gida.
- Naman gwari. An rarrabe su cikin ƙungiyoyi 2, ƙyallen slime da ƙyallen ruwa. Yawancin masu yin naman gwari suna amfani da pseudopods ("ƙafafun ƙarya") don motsawa.
3. Fungi na Masarautar
Masarautar naman gwari ya hada ta multicellular eukaryotic kwayoyin cewa ciyar ta hanyar sha. Galibi yawancinsu suna lalata kwayoyin halitta, waɗanda ke ɓoye enzymes na narkar da abinci kuma suna ɗaukar ƙananan ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda ayyukan waɗannan enzymes suka saki. A cikin wannan masarautar ana samun kowane irin naman gwari da namomin kaza.
4. Masarautar Shuka
Wannan rukunin ya ƙunshi multicellular eukaryotic kwayoyin wanda ke yin photosynthesis. Ta hanyar wannan tsari, tsire -tsire suna samar da abincin su daga carbon dioxide da ruwa da suke kamawa.Tsire -tsire ba su da kwarangwal mai ƙarfi, don haka duk sel ɗinsu suna da bango wanda ke riƙe su a tsaye.
Hakanan suna da gabobin jima'i waɗanda ke da ɗimbin yawa kuma suna haifar da tayi a lokacin rayuwarsu. Kwayoyin da za mu iya samu a wannan daula sune, alal misali, mosses, ferns da tsire -tsire masu fure.
5. Masarautar Animalia
Wannan daula ta ƙunshi multicellular eukaryotic kwayoyin. Suna cin abinci ta hanyar cin abinci, cin abinci da narkar da shi a cikin ramuka na musamman a cikin jikinsu, kamar tsarin narkewar abinci a cikin tsutsotsi. Babu kwayoyin halitta a cikin wannan masarautar da ke da bangon tantanin halitta, wanda ke faruwa a cikin tsirrai.
Babban halayyar dabbobi shine cewa suna da ikon motsawa daga wuri guda zuwa wani, fiye ko lessasa da son rai. Duk dabbobin da ke doron ƙasa suna cikin wannan rukunin, daga soso na ruwa zuwa karnuka da mutane.
Shin kuna son ƙarin sani game da rayayyun ƙasa?
Gano a cikin PeritoAnimal komai game da dabbobi, daga dinosaurs na ruwa zuwa dabbobin da ke rayuwa a duniyarmu ta Duniya. Kasance Kwararren Dabbobi kai ma!