Wadatacce
Duk dabbobin, tun daga haihuwa, ana shayar da ilimin halittar jiki, anatomical da biochemical canje -canje don isa ga yanayin balagagge. A yawancin su, waɗannan canje -canje an taƙaita su girma girma na jiki da wasu sigogi na hormonal da ke daidaita girma. Koyaya, wasu dabbobin da yawa suna yin irin waɗannan canje -canje masu mahimmanci wanda mutum babba ba ma kama da ƙaramin yaro ba, muna magana akan metamorphosis na dabbobi.
Idan kuna sha'awar sani menene metamorphosis, a cikin wannan labarin PeritoAnimal za mu yi bayanin manufar kuma mu ba da wasu misalai.
metamorphosis kwari
Ƙwari shine ƙimar ƙungiya ta metamorphic, kuma mafi yawan abin da aka fi sani don bayyana dabba metamorphosis. Dabbobi ne masu rarrafe, waɗanda aka haife su daga ƙwai. Haɓakar su tana buƙatar rarrabewar fata ko haɗe -haɗe, saboda yana hana kwarin girma a girma kamar sauran dabbobi. Kwari na cikin phylumhexapod, saboda suna da kafafu guda uku.
A cikin wannan rukunin akwai kuma dabbobin da ba sa shan metamorphosis, kamar su rarrabuwa, la'akari ametaboles. Yawancinsu kwari ne marasa fuka-fuka (waɗanda ba su da fuka-fuki) kuma ci gaban bayan haihuwa ya zama sananne ga canje-canje kaɗan, kamar yadda yawanci ana lura da shi:
- Ci gaban ci gaban gabobin Gabobi;
- Ƙara yawan ƙwayoyin dabbobi ko nauyi;
- Ƙananan bambance -bambance a cikin gwargwadon gwargwadon sassansa. Sabili da haka, siffofin yara suna kama da babba, wanda zai iya canzawa sau da yawa.
A cikin kwari na pterygote (waɗanda ke da fikafikai) akwai da yawa iri metamorphoses, kuma ya dogara da canje -canjen da ke faruwa idan sakamakon metamorphosis ya ba mutum ƙarin ko differentasa daban da na asali:
- hemimetabola metamorphosis: daga kwan aka haifa a kumburi wanda ke da zane -zane na reshe. Ci gaban yana kama da babba, kodayake wani lokacin ba haka bane (alal misali, a yanayin dragonflies). kwari ne ba tare da yanayin almajiri ba, wato, an haifi nymph daga ƙwai, wanda, ta hanyar molting a jere, yana wucewa kai tsaye zuwa girma. Wasu misalai sune Ephemeroptera, dragonflies, kwari, kwari, tsutsotsi, da sauransu.
- holometabola metamorphosis: daga kwai, an haifi tsutsa wanda ya sha bamban da dabba babba. Tsutsa, lokacin da ta kai wani matsayi, ta zama farin ko chrysalis wanda, lokacin ƙyanƙyashe, zai samo asali daga mutum mai girma. Wannan shi ne metamorphosis da yawancin kwari ke sha, irin su malam buɗe ido, kyankyasai, tururuwa, ƙudan zuma, kumburi, ƙugiyoyi, ƙwari, da sauransu.
- hypermetabolic metamorphosis: kwari tare da hypermetabolic metamorphosis suna da dogon tsotsar tsutsa. Tsutsotsi sun bambanta da juna yayin da suke canzawa, saboda suna rayuwa a wurare daban -daban. Nymphs baya haɓaka fuka -fuki har sai sun girma. Yana faruwa a wasu coleoptera, irin su tenebria, kuma yana da rikitarwa na musamman na ci gaban tsutsa.
Dalilin nazarin halittu na kwari 'metamorphosis, ban da cewa dole ne su canza fatarsu, shine raba sabon zuriya daga iyayensu zuwa kauce wa gasa don albarkatu iri ɗaya. Yawanci, larvae suna rayuwa a wurare daban -daban fiye da manya, kamar yanayin ruwa, kuma suna ciyar da daban. Lokacin da suke tsutsa, dabbobi ne masu yawan ciyayi, kuma lokacin da suka zama manya, masu farauta ne, ko akasin haka.
Amphibian metamorphosis
Amphibians kuma suna fuskantar metamorphosis, a wasu lokuta mafi dabara fiye da wasu. Babban manufar ampambian metamorphosis shine kawar da gills da sanya wuri donhuhu, tare da wasu keɓaɓɓu, kamar axolotl na Mexico (Ambystoma mexicanum), wanda a cikin balagaggen jihar yana ci gaba da samun gills, wani abu da ake ɗauka a juyin halitta neoteny (kiyaye tsare -tsaren yara a jihar manya).
Amphibians kuma dabbobi ne masu rarrafe. Daga kwai ya zo ƙaramin tsutsa wanda zai iya yin kama da babba, kamar yadda yake a cikin masu salamanders da sabuwa, ko kuma daban -daban, kamar a cikin kwaɗi ko toads. DA kwari metamorphosis misali ne na yau da kullun don bayyana metamorphosis na amphibian.
Salamanders, lokacin haihuwa, sun riga suna da kafafu da jela, kamar iyayensu, amma kuma suna da gills. Bayan metamorphosis, wanda zai iya ɗaukar watanni da yawa dangane da nau'in, hanji ya bace kuma huhu yana tasowa.
A cikin dabbobin anuran (amphibians marasa wutsiya) kamar kwadi da toads, metamorphosis ya fi rikitarwa. Lokacin da kwai ya fito, da karamitsutsa tare da gills da wutsiya, babu kafafu da baki kawai an ɗan inganta. Bayan ɗan lokaci, wani fatar fatar ta fara girma akan gills kuma ƙananan hakora sun bayyana a cikin baki.
Bayan haka, ƙafafun baya suna haɓaka kuma suna ba da hanya zuwa ga mambobi gaba, kumburi biyu sun bayyana wanda a ƙarshe zai haɓaka a matsayin membobi. A cikin wannan yanayin, tadpole har yanzu yana da wutsiya, amma zai iya shakar iska. Wutsiya za ta ragu a hankali har sai ta ɓace gaba ɗaya, bada girma ga babban kwadi.
Nau'in metamorphosis: wasu dabbobi
Ba 'yan amphibians da kwari ne kawai ke shiga cikin hadaddun tsarin metamorphosis ba. Yawancin sauran dabbobin da ke cikin ƙungiyoyin haraji daban -daban suma suna fuskantar metamorphosis, misali:
- Cnidarians ko jellyfish;
- Crustaceans, irin su lobsters, crabs ko shrimps;
- Urochord, musamman gandun daji, bayan metamorphosis da kafawa a matsayin mutum mai girma, ya zama dabbobi masu rarrafe ko marasa motsi da rasa kwakwalwarsu;
- Echinoderms, kamar kifin tauraro, kogin teku ko kokwamba na teku.
Idan kuna son karanta ƙarin labarai makamantansu Menene metamorphosis: bayani da misalai,, muna ba da shawarar cewa ku shiga ɓangaren Curiosities na duniyar dabbobi.