Equine glanders - Alamomi da Rigakafi

Wadatacce

• Menene glanders equine?
• Dalilin glanders equine
• Ta yaya ake watsa glanders?
• Mene ne alamun glanders equine?
• Equine pulmonary glanders alamomin
• Alamun cutaneous glanders
• Equine glanders ganewar asali
• Bincikeótsutsaíkawai equine glander
• Binciken dakin gwaje -gwaje na glanders equine
• Yadda ake warkar da kurajen ido
• rigakafin glanders

glanders babbar cuta ce ta kwayan cuta wacce ta fi shafar dawakai, kodayake felines sun faɗi a baya a cikin saukin kamuwa da wasu dabbobin kuma na iya kamuwa. Hakanan mutane na iya kamuwa da wannan kamuwa da cuta, don haka yana da zoonosis na wajibi sanarwar. An yi sa'a, yanzu an kawar da ita a yawancin ƙasashe, amma har yanzu akwai shari'o'i a Brazil.

glanders na iya bayyana munanan siffofi tare da nodules da ulcers a cikin tsarin numfashi, na yau da kullun ko na asymptomatic, wanda dawakai ke ci gaba da ɗauka da kuma watsa ƙwayoyin cuta a duk rayuwarsu. Ci gaba da karanta wannan labarin PeritoAnimal don ƙarin koyo game da shi equine glanders - alamu da ganewar asali.

Menene glanders equine?

Glandar equine shine a cuta mai yaduwa na asali mai tsananin kwayan cuta wanda ke shafar dawakai, alfadarai da jakuna, kuma yana da yuwuwar zoonotic, wato, ana iya yada shi zuwa ga mutum. Ba tare da magani ba, kashi 95% na dawakai na iya mutuwa daga cutar, kuma wasu dawakai suna kamuwa da cutar na tsawon lokaci kuma suna ci gaba da yada ƙwayoyin cuta har zuwa ƙarshen rayuwarsu.

Baya ga dawakai, alfadarai da jakuna, membobin dangin felidae (kamar zakuna, damisa ko kyanwa) kuma wani lokacin ma wasu dabbobi kamar karnuka, awaki, tumaki da rakuma na iya kamuwa da cutar. A gefe guda kuma, shanu, aladu da kaji suna tsayayya da glanders.

Wannan cuta tana yaduwa a sassan yankin Kudancin Amurka, Afirka, Asiya da Gabas ta Tsakiya. An kawar da shi a yawancin ƙasashe a tsakiyar ƙarni na ƙarshe kuma barkewar cutar ba ta da yawa a yau, duk da haka, akwai bayanan kwanan nan, gami da cikin 2021, a cikin jihohi daban -daban na Brazil.^[1]

Kwayoyin da ke haifar da glanders An yi amfani da shi azaman makamin halitta a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na ɗaya da na biyu akan mutane, dabbobi da dawakai na sojojin.

Idan kai mai doki ne, muna kuma ba da shawarar karanta wannan labarin akan cututtukan da suka fi yawa a cikin dawakai.

Dalilin glanders equine

glanders ne ke haifar da shi kwayan cuta, musamman musamman Gram negative bacillus da ake kiraburkholderia mallei, na dangin Burkholderiaceae. Wannan microorganism a baya an san shi da Pseudomonas mallei, kuma yana da alaka ta kusa Burkholderia pseudomallei, wanda ke haifar da melioidosis.

Ta yaya ake watsa glanders?

Yaduwar wannan ƙwayoyin cuta yana faruwa ta hanyar tuntuɓar kai tsaye ko tare da ruɓaɓɓen numfashi da fatar mai cutar, kuma dawakai da kyanwa suna kamuwa da cutar gurbata abinci ko ruwa ta kwayoyin cuta, haka nan aerosols ko ta fata da raunin mucosal.

A gefe guda kuma, mafi haɗari shine dawakai masu ciwon latent ko na yau da kullun, waɗanda ke ɗauke da ƙwayoyin glanders amma basa nuna alamun cutar, saboda suna ci gaba da yaduwa a duk rayuwarsu.

A cikin wannan labarin za ku iya gano waɗanne tsire -tsire masu guba ne ga dawakai.

Mene ne alamun glanders equine?

glanders a cikin dawakai na iya haɓaka gaba ɗaya, na lokaci -lokaci ko asymptomatically. Daga cikin siffofin da ke haifar da alamu, mun sami uku: hanci, huhu da cutaneous. Kodayake biyun farko suna da alaƙa da muguwar cuta, glanders cutaneous yawanci tsari ne na yau da kullun. Lokacin shiryawa yawanci yana dawwama. tsakanin makonni 2 zuwa 6.

Equine hanci gland gland alamu

A cikin sassan hanci, raunin da ya biyo baya ko alamu na iya faruwa:

• Deep nodules na hanci.
• Ulcers a cikin mucosa na hanci, kuma wani lokacin a cikin maƙogwaro da trachea.
• Uni ko ɓoyayyen ɓarna, mai kauri, kauri da rawaya.
• Wani lokaci zubar jini.
• Ciwon hanci.
• Ƙara ƙananan ƙwayoyin lymph na submaxillary, waɗanda wani lokacin ke rufewa da magudanar ruwa.
• Tabarbare mai tauraro.
• Zazzaɓi.
• Tari.
• Matsalar numfashi.
• Ciwon mara.

Equine pulmonary glanders alamomin

A cikin wannan nau'in asibiti, mai zuwa yana faruwa:

• Abubuwa da nodules a cikin huhu.
• An watsa bayanan sirri zuwa babba na numfashi.
• Matsalar numfashi mai rauni ko mai rauni.
• Tari.
• Zazzaɓi.
• Sautin numfashi.
• Slimming.
• Raunin ci gaba.
• Zawo.
• Polyuria.
• Nodules a wasu gabobin kamar su hanta, hanta da koda.

Alamun cutaneous glanders

A cikin glanders cutanous, alamun da ke biyo baya suna faruwa:

• Ƙasa ko zurfin nodules akan fata.
• Ciwon fata.
• M, purulent da yellowish secretions.
• Ƙara da kumbura kumburi na kusa.
• Tukwane na tsarin lymphatic cike da turawa kuma sun taurare, yawanci a ƙarshen ko bangarorin akwati; da wuya a kai ko wuya.
• Arthritis tare da edema.
• Pain a cikin kafafu.
• Ƙunƙarar ƙwayar cuta ko orchitis.
• Babban zazzabi (jakai da alfadarai).
• Alamomin numfashi (musamman jakuna da alfadarai).
• Mutuwa cikin 'yan kwanaki (jakuna da alfadarai).

lamuran asymptomatic ko subclinical su ne ainihin hatsarin kasancewar su babbar hanyar kamuwa da cuta. A cikin mutane, cutar tana yawan mutuwa ba tare da magani ba.

Equine glanders ganewar asali

Sakamakon ganewar glanders a cikin dawakai zai dogara ne akan gwajin asibiti da dakin gwaje -gwaje.

Bincikeótsutsaíkawai equine glander

Bayyanar alamomin asibiti da muka bayyana ya kamata ya haifar da zato ga wannan cuta, amma dole ne a bambanta kowanne hali daga sauran matakai cikin dawakai cewa haifar da alamu iri ɗaya, kamar:

• Cutar adenitis.
• Sporotrichosis.
• Ulcerative lymphangitis.
• Lymphangitis na Epizootic.
• Pseudotuberculosis.

a necropsy, yana yiwuwa a haskaka abubuwan da ke gaba lalacewar gabobin jiki na dawakai:

• Ulceration da lymphadenitis a cikin kogon hanci.
• Nodules, ƙarfafawa, da yaɗuwar huhu huhu.
• Pyogranulomatous nodules a cikin hanta, spleen da kodan.
• Lymphangitis.
• Orchitis.

Binciken dakin gwaje -gwaje na glanders equine

Samfuran da aka tattara don gano cutar daga jini, exudates da turawa daga raunuka, nodules, hanyoyin iska da fatar da ta shafa. Gwaje -gwajen da ake da su don gano ƙwayoyin cuta sune:

• Al'adu da canza launi: samfura daga raunin numfashi ko exudates. Ana shuka iri akan matsakaicin agar jini na awanni 48, inda ake iya lura da farar fata, kusan bayyananne da mazaunin mazauna, wanda daga baya ya zama rawaya, ko akan glycerin agar, inda bayan 'yan kwanaki mai tsami, mai ɗumi, mai laushi da laushi za a gan shi zai iya yin kauri, da wuya da launin ruwan kasa mai duhu. Ana gano ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin al'adun tare da gwajin biochemical. B. malami ana iya tabo shi da gani a ƙarƙashin na'urar microscope tare da methylene blue, Giemsa, Wright ko Gram.
• ainihin lokacin PCR: don bambance tsakanin B. malami kuma B. pseudomallei.
• gwajin malein: yana da amfani a yankunan da ba su da yawa. Halin ƙima ne wanda ke ba da damar gano dawakai masu cutar. Ya ƙunshi yin allurar juzu'in furotin na ƙwayoyin cuta ta allurar intrapalpebral. Idan dabbar ta tabbata, kumburin fatar ido zai faru awanni 24 ko 48 bayan yin allurar. Idan inoculated subcutaneously a wasu yankuna, zai haifar da kumburi tare da gefuna da aka ɗaga wanda ba zai haifar da ciwo gobe ba. Mafi yawan tsari shine inoculation ta amfani da ruwan ido, yana haifar da conjunctivitis da ɓarkewar ɓarna 5 zuwa 6 bayan gudanarwar sa, tare da matsakaicin tsawon sa'o'i 48. Wadannan halayen, idan sun tabbata, suna tare da zazzabi. Zai iya ba da sakamako mara ƙima yayin da cutar ta yi muni ko a ƙarshen matakan na yau da kullun.
• Agglutination tare da Rose Bengal: Anyi amfani dashi musamman a Rasha, amma ba abin dogaro bane akan dawakai tare da glanders na yau da kullun.

A gefe guda, da jarrabawa tare da mafi aminci don tantance glanders a cikin dawakai sune:

• Haɗe-haɗe.
• ELISA.

Yadda ake warkar da kurajen ido

Domin irin wannan cuta ce mai hatsari, maganin ku yana karaya. Ana amfani da shi ne kawai a cikin wuraren da ba a san su ba, amma yana haifar da dabbobin da ke ɗauke da ƙwayoyin cuta kuma suna aiki a matsayin masu yaɗuwar cutar, don haka yana da kyau kada a bi da shi, kuma babu alluran rigakafi ma.

rigakafin glanders

Glander yana cikin jerin cututtukan rahoton tilas ga dawakai ta Hukumar Lafiya ta Dabbobi ta Duniya (OIE), saboda haka, dole ne a sanar da hukumomi, kuma ana iya tuntubar buƙatun da ayyukan a cikin OIE Terrestrial Animal Health Code. An tabbatar da cewa dabbobin da ke samun sakamako mai kyau a cikin gwaje-gwajen bincike a yankin da ba shi da cutar (yankin da ba a kamu da shi ba) sadaukarwa saboda hadarin da suke da shi ga lafiyar jama'a da kuma tsananin cutar. Dole ne a ƙone gawawwaki saboda haɗarin da suke ɗauka.

Idan akwai fashewar glanders equine, kafa keɓewa na cibiyoyi inda ake samun dawakai, tare da tsaftacewa da tsabtace wurare da abubuwa, dawakai da sauran fomites. Dabbobi masu saurin kamuwa da cuta dole ne a nisanta su da nisa daga waɗannan wuraren har tsawon watanni, saboda cutar ko yaduwa da cutar ta yi yawa, don haka wuraren da dabbobin suke taruwa ke wakiltar babban haɗari.

A wuraren da babu glanders, an hana shigo da dawakai, naman su ko samfuran da aka samo daga ƙasashen da ke da cutar. Dangane da shigo da dawakai, ana buƙatar gwaje -gwaje marasa kyau (gwajin malein da gyara gyara) kafin shiga dabbobin, waɗanda ake maimaitawa yayin keɓewa da aka yi lokacin isowa.

Wannan labarin don dalilai ne kawai na bayanai, a PeritoAnimal.com.br ba za mu iya rubuta magungunan dabbobi ko yin kowane irin ganewar asali ba. Muna ba da shawarar cewa ku kai dabbar ku ga likitan dabbobi idan tana da kowane irin yanayi ko rashin jin daɗi.

Idan kuna son karanta ƙarin labarai makamantansu Equine glanders - Alamomi da Rigakafi, muna ba da shawarar ku shiga sashin Cututtukan Kwayoyin cuta.