Yadda Dinosaurs suka ƙare

Wadatacce

• Yaushe dinosaur suka wanzu?
• Rarraba dinosaur
• Ka'idojin halakar dinosaur
• Yaushe dinosaurs suka lalace?
• Ta yaya dinosaur suka ɓace?
• Me yasa dinosaur suka mutu?
• Dabbobin da suka tsira daga halakar dinosaurs
• Menene ya faru bayan bacewar dinosaur?

A cikin tarihin duniyarmu, halittu kalilan ne suka yi nasarar kama sha'awar ɗan adam kamar dinosaur. Manyan dabbobin da suka mamaye Duniya yanzu sun cika allon mu, littattafan mu har ma da akwatunan wasan mu muddin za mu iya tunawa. Koyaya, bayan rayuwar rayuwa tare da ƙwaƙwalwar dinosaur, shin mun san su kamar yadda muke zato?

Sannan, a cikin PeritoAnimal, zamu nutse cikin ɗayan manyan asirin juyin halitta: ƘariTa yaya dinosaur suka ɓace?

Yaushe dinosaur suka wanzu?

Muna kiran dinosaurs da dabbobi masu rarrafe waɗanda aka haɗa a cikin sarkin dinosaur, daga Girkanci deinos, wanda ke nufin "mummunan", kuma sauros, wanda ke fassara a matsayin "lizard", kodayake bai kamata mu rikita dinosaur da kadangare ba, saboda suna cikin nau'ikan dabbobi masu rarrafe guda biyu.

Bayanan burbushin halittu yana nuna cewa dinosaur sun yi tauraro a cikin ya kasance Mesozoic, wanda aka sani da "zamanin manyan dabbobi masu rarrafe". An gano burbushin dinosaur mafi tsufa har zuwa yau (samfurin nau'in Nyasasaurus parringtoni) yana da kusan Shekaru miliyan 243 sabili da haka nasa ne Lokacin Triassic na Tsakiya. A wancan lokacin, nahiyoyin na yanzu suna da alaƙa tare suna samar da babban ƙasar da aka sani da Pangea. Kasancewar nahiyoyin ba, a lokacin, teku ta raba su, ya ba da damar dinosaurs su bazu cikin sauri a saman duniya. Hakanan, rarrabuwa na Pangea a cikin tubalan nahiyar Laurasia da Gondwana a lokacin farkon zamanin Jurassic ya tayar da rarrabuwar kawunan dinosaur, yana haifar da nau'o'i daban -daban.

Rarraba dinosaur

Wannan rarrabuwa ya fifita bayyanar dinosaurs tare da halaye daban -daban, bisa al'ada an rarrabe su cikin umarni biyu, gwargwadon karkatar ƙashin ƙugu:

• Saurischians (Saurischia). An raba su zuwa manyan layi biyu: theropods (kamar Velociraptor ko kuma Allosaurus) da sauropods (kamar Diplodocus ko kuma brontosaurus).
• 'Yan ornithischians (Ornithsia): reshen balaguro na membobin wannan ƙungiya an daidaita shi diagonally. Wannan tsari ya ƙunshi manyan layi biyu: tyerophores (kamar Stegosaurus ko kuma Ankylosaurus) da cerapods (kamar Pachycephalosaurus ko kuma Triceratops).

A cikin waɗannan rukunoni, zamu iya samun dabbobin da ke da tsayi mai yawa, daga Ƙwarewa, dinosaur mafi ƙanƙanta da aka gano har zuwa yau, mai kama da girman kaji, ga abin ƙyama brachiosaurus, wanda ya kai tsayin mita 12 mai ban sha'awa.

Dinosaurs kuma suna da nau'ikan abinci iri -iri. Kodayake yana da wuya a tabbatar da takamaiman takamaiman abincin kowane nau'in, ana ɗaukar hakan sun kasance mafi yawan ciyayi, kodayake yawancin dinosaurs masu cin nama suma sun wanzu, wasu daga cikinsu sun riga sun fara cin sauran dinosaurs, kamar sanannen Tyrannosaurus rex. Wasu nau'ikan, kamar su Baryonyx, kuma ya ciyar da kifi. Akwai dinosaurs da ke bin tsarin cin abinci, kuma da yawa daga cikinsu ba su ƙi cin naman ba. Don ƙarin cikakkun bayanai, kar a manta labarin akan nau'ikan dinosaurs da suka wanzu. ”

Kodayake wannan bambancin nau'ikan rayuwa ya sauƙaƙe mulkin mallaka na duk duniya a lokacin Mesozoic, daular dinosaur ta ƙare tare da bugun ƙarshe na zamanin Cretaceous, shekaru miliyan 66 da suka gabata.

Ka'idojin halakar dinosaur

Halakar dinosaurs shine, don ilmin burbushin halittu, wuyar warwarewa guda dubu kuma yana da wahalar warwarewa. Shin wani abu ne da ke tantancewa ya haifar da shi ko kuma sakamakon haɗarin haɗarin abubuwa da yawa? Shin tsari ne na kwatsam kuma ba zato ba tsammani ko a hankali akan lokaci?

Babban cikas ga bayanin wannan sabon abu mai ban mamaki shine rashin cika yanayin rikodin burbushin halittu: ba duk samfuran ana adana su a cikin ƙasa ba, wanda ke ba da cikakken ra'ayi game da gaskiyar lokacin. Amma godiya ga ci gaban fasaha na ci gaba, an bayyana sabbin bayanai a cikin shekarun da suka gabata, wanda ke ba mu damar ba da amsoshi kaɗan kaɗan ga tambayar yadda dinosaurs suka ɓace.

Yaushe dinosaurs suka lalace?

Dandalin Radioisotope yana kasancewa a cikin halakar dinosaurs kimanin shekaru miliyan 66 da suka wuce. Don haka yaushe dinosaur suka ɓace? A lokacin haila marigayi cretaceous na zamanin Mesozoic. Duniyarmu a lokacin wuri ne mara tsayayye, tare da canje -canje masu yawa a yanayin zafi da matakin teku. Wadannan canjin yanayi na iya haifar da asarar wasu muhimman nau'ikan halittu a cikin tsirrai a lokacin, suna canza sarkar abinci na mutanen da suka rage.

Ta yaya dinosaur suka ɓace?

Haka hoton ya kasance lokacin da Fashewar tsautsayi daga tarkon Deccan Ya fara a Indiya, yana sakin sulfur da iskar gas a cikin adadi mai yawa da haɓaka ɗumamar yanayi da ruwan sama na acid.

Kamar dai hakan bai isa ba, bai ɗauki dogon lokaci ba don babban wanda ake zargi a cikin ɓarnar dinosaurs ya isa: shekaru miliyan 66 da suka gabata, wata ƙasa ta ziyarci Duniya. asteroid kusan kilomita 10 a diamita, wanda ya yi karo da yankin yanzu da ake kira Yucatán Peninsula a Meziko kuma ya bar azaman tunatarwa ga dutsen Chicxulub, wanda tsawonsa ya kai kilomita 180.

Amma wannan babban gibin a saman duniya ba shine kawai abin da meteor ya kawo ba: mummunan haɗarin ya haifar da bala'in girgizar ƙasa wanda ya girgiza Duniya. Bugu da ƙari, yankin tasirin yana da wadataccen sulfates da carbonates, waɗanda aka fitar da su cikin sararin samaniya suna samar da ruwan acid da lalata lalata ozone na ɗan lokaci. An kuma yi imanin cewa ƙurar da masifar ta taso ta iya sanya wani duhu a tsakanin Rana da Duniya, ta rage jinkirin ƙimar photosynthesis da ɓarna nau'in shuka. Lalacewar tsirrai zai haifar da lalacewar dinosaurs na ciyayi, wanda zai jagoranci masu cin nama tare da su zuwa ga halaka. Don haka, saboda yanayin ƙasa da canjin yanayi, dinosaurs ba zai iya ciyarwa ba sabili da haka suka fara mutuwa.

Me yasa dinosaur suka mutu?

Bayanin da aka gano ya zuwa yanzu ya haifar da ɗimbin ra'ayoyi game da yuwuwar sanadin halakar dinosaur, kamar yadda kuka gani a sashin da ya gabata. Wasu mutane sun fi ba da muhimmanci ga tasirin meteorite a matsayin sanadin ɓarkewar dinosaurs; wasu kuma suna tunanin sauye -sauyen muhalli da kuma tsananin aikin dutsin da ake yi na lokacin ne ya jawo ɓacewar sannu a hankali. Masu ba da shawara a hasashen matasan Har ila yau, sun yi fice: wannan ka'idar ta ba da shawarar cewa yanayin yanayi da tsaunin tsaunin dutse ya haifar da raguwar yawan mutanen dinosaur, waɗanda tuni sun kasance cikin mawuyacin hali lokacin da meteorite ya ba da juyin mulkin.

Sannan, abin da ya haifar da halakar dinosaurs? Kodayake ba za mu iya cewa da tabbaci ba, hasashen matasan shine ka’idar da aka fi goyan baya, saboda tana jayayya cewa akwai abubuwa da yawa da suka haifar da ɓacewar dinosaurs a lokacin Late Cretaceous.

Dabbobin da suka tsira daga halakar dinosaurs

Kodayake bala'in da ya haifar da gushewar dinosaurs yana da tasiri a duniya, wasu nau'in dabbobi sun sami nasarar tsira da bunƙasa bayan bala'in. Wannan lamari ne ga wasu kungiyoyi na kananan dabbobi masu shayarwa, kamar yadda Kimbetopsalis simmonsae, wani jinsin da daidaikun mutane masu cin ganyayyaki suke kama da ƙugiya. Me yasa dinosaur suka mutu kuma ba dabbobi masu shayarwa ba? Wannan ya faru ne saboda kasancewar su ƙanana, suna buƙatar ƙarancin abinci kuma sun fi dacewa da dacewa da sabon yanayin su.

Tsira ma dama kwari, karen doki da tsoffin kakannin kakanni na yau, kunkuru da sharks. Hakanan, masoyan dinosaur waɗanda ke shan wahala suna tunanin ba za su taɓa iya ganin iguanodon ko pterodactyl su tuna cewa waɗannan halittun da ba su taɓa rayuwa ba sun ɓace gaba ɗaya - wasu har yanzu suna rayuwa a cikin mu. A haƙiƙanin gaskiya, ana yawan ganin su a rana mai kyau suna tafiya cikin ƙauye ko lokacin da muke gudu ta kan titunan biranen mu. Kodayake yana iya zama mai ban mamaki, muna magana ne game da tsuntsaye.

A lokacin Jurassic, dinosaur din halittar halittu sun yi dogon tsari na juyin halitta, wanda ya haifar da nau'o'in tsuntsayen archaic da suka yi rayuwa tare da sauran dinosaur. Lokacin da Cretaceous hecatomb ya faru, wasu daga cikin waɗannan tsoffin tsuntsaye sun sami nasarar tsira, haɓakawa da rarrabuwa har zuwa yau.

Abin takaici, waɗannan dinosaurs na zamani suma yanzu suna cikin koma baya, kuma yana da sauƙin gano dalilin: yana da alaƙa da tasirin ɗan adam. Rushewar mazauninsu, gabatar da dabbobin dabaru masu gasa, dumamar yanayi, farauta da guba sun haifar da bacewar jimlar nau'in tsuntsaye 182 tun daga shekara ta 1500, yayin da kusan 2000 wasu ke cikin wani hali na barazana. Rashin saninmu shine hanzarin meteor wanda ke shawagi a duniyar nan.

An ce muna shaida mai girma na shida mai raye da launin launi. Idan muna son hana bacewar dinosaurs na ƙarshe, muna buƙatar yin gwagwarmaya don kiyaye tsuntsaye da adana babban girmamawa da burgewa ga fuka -fukan fuka -fukan da muke saduwa da su a kowace rana: tattabarai, magi da siraran da muka saba gani suna ci gaba da rayuwarsu. kasusuwa masu rauni suna da rabon gado na ƙattai.

Menene ya faru bayan bacewar dinosaur?

Tasirin meteorites da volcanism sun fifita ƙarni na abubuwan girgizar ƙasa da gobarar da ta ƙara dumamar yanayi. Daga baya, duk da haka, bayyanar ƙura da toka wanda ya duhunta sararin samaniya kuma ya toshe wucewar hasken rana samar da sanyaya duniya. Wannan sauyi na ba -zata tsakanin matsanancin yanayin zafi ya haddasa gushewar kusan kashi 75% na nau'in da ke zaune a Duniya a lokacin.

Duk da haka, bai ɗauki lokaci mai tsawo ba don rayuwa ta sake bayyana a cikin wannan mummunan yanayin. Layen ƙurar yanayi ya fara wargajewa, yana barin haske ya ratsa. Mosses da ferns sun fara girma a yankunan da cutar ta fi kamari. Ƙananan wuraren da ruwa ya shafa sun bazu. Ƙananan dabbobin da suka sami nasarar tsira daga bala'in sun ƙaru, sun samo asali kuma sun bazu ko'ina cikin duniya. Bayan gushewar taro na biyar wanda ya lalata halittun halittu na duniya, duniya ta ci gaba da juyawa.

Idan kuna son karanta ƙarin labarai makamantansu Yadda Dinosaurs suka ƙare,, muna ba da shawarar cewa ku shiga ɓangaren Curiosities na duniyar dabbobi.