Dabbobi masu rarrafe

Wadatacce

• rarrabuwa rarrafe
• Juyin halitta mai rarrafe
• Dabbobi masu rarrafe da misalai
• Kada
• Squamous ko Squamata
• Makarantu
• Haihuwa
• fata mai rarrafe
• numfashi mai rarrafe
• Tsarin jijiyoyin jini
• zuciyar dabbobi masu rarrafe
• Tsarin dabbobi masu rarrafe
• Dabbobi masu rarrafe
• Tsarin excretory na dabbobi masu rarrafe
• Ciyar da dabbobi masu rarrafe
• Sauran halaye masu rarrafe
• Dabbobi masu rarrafe suna da gajerun gabobi ko babu.
• Dabbobi masu rarrafe sune dabbobin ectothermic
• Vomeronasal ko Jacobson organ a cikin dabbobi masu rarrafe
• Tankunan tanti na gas na gaske

Dabbobi masu rarrafe dabbobi ne iri -iri. A cikinsa muke samun kadangare, macizai, kunkuru da kada. Wadannan dabbobin suna zaune cikin ƙasa da ruwa, sabo da gishiri. Za mu iya samun dabbobi masu rarrafe a cikin gandun daji na wurare masu zafi, hamada, gandun daji har ma a cikin wuraren da ke da sanyi a duniya. Halayen dabbobi masu rarrafe sun ba su damar yin mulkin mallaka iri -iri na muhallin halittu.

A cikin wannan labarin ta PeritoAnimal, za mu san halaye masu rarrafe cewa sanya su m dabbobi, ban da hotuna masu rarrafe madalla!

rarrabuwa rarrafe

masu rarrafe dabbobi ne masu kashin baya wanda aka samo daga gungun reptilomorphic burbushin amphibians da ake kira Diadectomorphs. Waɗannan dabbobi masu rarrafe na farko sun samo asali ne lokacin Carboniferous, lokacin da akwai nau'ikan abinci iri -iri.

Juyin halitta mai rarrafe

Dabbobi masu rarrafe waɗanda daga yau masu rarrafe suka samo asali an kasu kashi uku, dangane da kasancewar buɗaɗɗen lokaci (suna da ramuka a cikin kwanyar, don rage nauyi):

• synapsids: dabbobi masu rarrafe mai shayarwa kuma hakan ya haifar da su. Suna da buɗewa na ɗan lokaci kawai.
• Testudines ko Anapsids: ya ba kunkuru kunci, ba su da buɗaɗɗen lokaci.
• diapsids, an kasu kashi biyu: archosauromorphs, wanda ya haɗa da kowane nau'in dinosaur kuma wanda ya haifar da tsuntsaye da kada; kuma lepidosauromorphs, wanda ya samo asali kadangare, macizai da sauransu.

Dabbobi masu rarrafe da misalai

A sashin da ya gabata, kun san rarrabuwa na dabbobi masu rarrafe wanda ya samo asali daga na yanzu. A yau, mun san ƙungiyoyi masu rarrafe guda uku da misali:

Kada

Daga cikinsu, mun sami kada, kaimani, gharials da alligators, kuma waɗannan su ne mafi yawan misalan wakilan dabbobi masu rarrafe:

• Kada na Amurka (Crocodylus acutus)
• Kada na Mexico (crocodylus moreletii)
• Alligator na Amurka (Alligator mississippiensis)
• Dodar (kaman crocodilus)
• Alligator-of-the-fadama (Caiman Yacare)

Squamous ko Squamata

Dabbobi masu rarrafe kamar macizai, kadangare, iguanas da makafi macizai, kamar:

• Komodo dodon (Varanus komodoensis)
• Ruwan ruwa (Amblyrhynchus cristatus)
• Green iguana (iguana iguana)
• Gecko (Tarentola ta Mauritaniya)
• Arboreal Python (Morelia viridis)
• Maciji makaho (Blanus cinereus)
• Chameleon na Yemen (Chamaeleo calyptratus)
• Thorny Iblis (Moloch horridus)
• Sardauna (lepida)
• Hamada Iguana (Dipsosaurus dorsalis)

Makarantu

Wannan nau'in dabbobi masu rarrafe ya yi daidai da kunkuru, na ƙasa da na ruwa:

• Kunkuru na Girka (gwajin kyauta)
• Kunkuru na Rasha (Gwajin gwaji)
• Green kunkuru (Mylon Chelonia)
• Kunkuru na kowa (kula da kulawa)
• Kunkuru na fata (Dermochelys coriacea)
• Kunkuru mai cizo (serpentine chelydra)

Haihuwa

Bayan ganin wasu misalai na dabbobi masu rarrafe, muna bin su da halayensu. masu rarrafe dabbobi ne masu oviparous, wato, waɗanda ke ƙwai, ko da yake wasu dabbobi masu rarrafe suna ovoviviparous, kamar wasu macizai, waɗanda ke haifar da zuriya cikakke. Haɗin waɗannan dabbobin koyaushe yana cikin ciki. Bawon ƙwai na iya zama da wuya ko na bakin ciki.

A cikin mata, ovaries suna “shawagi” a cikin ramin ciki kuma suna da tsarin da ake kira bututun Müller, wanda ke ɓoye ɓoyayyen ƙwai.

fata mai rarrafe

Daya daga cikin mahimman fasali na dabbobi masu rarrafe shine akan fatarsu babu ƙwayoyin mucous don kariya, kawai ma'aunin epidermal. Ana iya shirya waɗannan sikeli ta hanyoyi daban -daban: gefe -gefe, juye -juye, da sauransu. Sikeli ya bar yanki mai motsi tsakanin su, wanda ake kira hinge, don ba da damar motsi. A karkashin sikelin epidermal, mun sami sikelin kashi wanda ake kira osteoderms, wanda aikinsa shine sa fata ta yi ƙarfi.

Ba a canza fata mai rarrafe a cikin guda, amma a cikin yanki gaba ɗaya, exuvia. Yana shafar ɓangaren epidermal na fata kawai. Shin kun riga kun san wannan sifa ta dabbobi masu rarrafe?

numfashi mai rarrafe

Idan muka yi bitar halayen masu ambaliyar ruwa, za mu ga cewa numfashi yana faruwa ta fata kuma huhu sun rarrabu sosai, ma'ana ba su da yawa don musanya gas. A cikin dabbobi masu rarrafe, a gefe guda, wannan rarrabuwa yana ƙaruwa, yana sa su samar da wani abu hayaniyar numfashi, musamman kadangare da kada.

Bugu da kari, huhu masu rarrafe suna ratsa wani bututu da ake kira mesobronchus, wanda ke da tasirin inda musayar gas ke faruwa a cikin tsarin numfashi na reptilian.

Tsarin jijiyoyin jini

Ba kamar dabbobi masu shayarwa ko tsuntsaye ba, zuciyar masu rarrafe yana da ventricle guda ɗaya kawai, wanda a cikin nau'ikan da yawa ya fara rarrabuwa, amma yana rarrabuwa gaba ɗaya a cikin kada.

zuciyar dabbobi masu rarrafe

A cikin dan kada, haka ma, zuciya tana da tsari da ake kira Paniza rami, wanda ke sadar da bangaren hagu na zuciya da dama. Ana amfani da wannan tsarin don sake amfani da jini lokacin da dabbar ta nutse cikin ruwa kuma ba zai iya ko baya so ya fita don yin numfashi, wannan yana ɗaya daga cikin halayen masu rarrafe da ke burgewa.

Tsarin dabbobi masu rarrafe

Magana game da dabbobi masu rarrafe da halaye na gaba ɗaya, tsarin narkar da dabbobi masu rarrafe ya yi kama da na dabbobi masu shayarwa. Yana farawa a cikin baki, wanda zai iya ko ba shi da hakora, sannan ya motsa zuwa esophagus, ciki, ƙaramin hanji (gajeru sosai a cikin dabbobi masu rarrafe masu cin nama) da babban hanji, wanda ke gudana cikin cloaca.

masu rarrafe kar a tauna abincin; saboda haka, waɗanda suke cin nama suna samar da acid mai yawa a cikin narkar da abinci don inganta narkewar abinci. Hakanan, wannan tsari na iya ɗaukar kwanaki da yawa. A matsayin ƙarin bayani game da dabbobi masu rarrafe, zamu iya cewa wasu daga cikinsu hadiye duwatsu iri -iri saboda suna taimakawa wajen murkushe abinci a ciki.

akwai wasu dabbobi masu rarrafe hakora masu guba, kamar macizai da nau'in 2 na gilashin dodo kadangare, dangi Helodermatidae (A cikin Mexico). Dukansu jinsunan kadangare suna da guba sosai, kuma sun canza gusar salivary wanda ake kira gland na Durvernoy. Suna da ramuka guda biyu don ɓoye wani abu mai guba wanda ke hana ganima.

A cikin halayen dabbobi masu rarrafe, a cikin macizai musamman, zamu iya samu iri daban -daban na hakora:

• hakora aglyph: babu channel.
• hakora opistoglyph: wanda yake a bayan baki, suna da tashar da ake yin dafin dafin ta.
• hakora protoroglyph: yana kan gaba kuma yana da tashar.
• Solenoglyph hakora: gabatarwa kawai a cikin macizai. Suna da bututun ciki. Hakora na iya motsawa daga baya zuwa gaba, kuma sun fi guba.

Dabbobi masu rarrafe

Yin tunani game da halaye na dabbobi masu rarrafe, kodayake a cikin yanayin tsarin juyayi mai rarrafe yana da ɓangarori iri ɗaya kamar na tsarin jijiya na dabbobi masu shayarwa, yafi na farko. Misali, kwakwalwar reptilian ba ta da rikice -rikice, waxanda su ne hankulan da ke cikin qwaqwalwa da ke hidimar qara girman sararin samaniya ba tare da qara girmanta ko girmanta ba. Cerebellum, wanda ke da alhakin daidaitawa da daidaitawa, ba shi da ɓangarori biyu kuma yana haɓaka sosai, kamar yadda lobes na gani.

Wasu dabbobi masu rarrafe suna da ido na uku, wanda shine mai karɓa mai haske wanda ke sadarwa tare da gland, wanda ke cikin kwakwalwa.

Tsarin excretory na dabbobi masu rarrafe

Dabbobi masu rarrafe, da sauran dabbobi da yawa, da koda biyu wanda ke samar da fitsari da mafitsara da ke adana shi kafin cloaca ya kawar da shi. Duk da haka, wasu dabbobi masu rarrafe ba su da mafitsara kuma suna kawar da fitsari kai tsaye ta hanyar cloaca, maimakon adana shi, wanda yana ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da ke jan hankalin dabbobi masu rarrafe waɗanda mutane kalilan ne suka sani game da su.

Saboda yadda ake samar da fitsarin ku, dabbobi masu rarrafe na ruwa suna samar da ammoniya da yawa, wanda ke buƙatar narkar da ruwan da suke sha kusan a kullum. A gefe guda kuma, dabbobi masu rarrafe na ƙasa, tare da ƙarancin samun ruwa, suna canza ammoniya zuwa uric acid, wanda baya buƙatar narkewa. Wannan yana bayyana wannan sifa ta dabbobi masu rarrafe: fitsarin dabbobi masu rarrafe na ƙasa ya yi kauri da yawa, farare da fari.

Ciyar da dabbobi masu rarrafe

A cikin halayen masu rarrafe, mun lura cewa suna na iya zama dabbobi masu cin dabbobi ko masu cin nama. Dabbobi masu rarrafe masu cin nama na iya samun hakora masu kaifi kamar kada, kada hakora masu dafi kamar macizai, ko baki mai kama da kunkuru. Sauran dabbobi masu rarrafe suna cin kwari, kamar hawainiya ko kadangare.

A gefe guda, dabbobi masu rarrafe suna cin 'ya'yan itatuwa iri -iri, kayan marmari da ganye. Galibi ba su da hakora da ake iya gani, amma suna da ƙarfi da yawa a muƙamuƙansu. Don ciyar da kansu, sai su tsinke guntun abinci su hadiye su duka, don haka ya zama ruwan dare su ci duwatsu don taimakawa narkewar abinci.

Idan kuna son sanin wasu nau'ikan dabbobin daji ko masu cin nama, da duk halayen su, kada ku rasa waɗannan labaran:

• Dabbobi masu kiba - Misalai da abubuwan sha'awa
• Dabbobi masu cin nama - Misalai da Bishiyoyi

Sauran halaye masu rarrafe

A cikin sassan da suka gabata, mun yi bitar halaye daban -daban na dabbobi masu rarrafe, suna nufin jikinsu, ciyarwa da numfashi. Koyaya, akwai wasu halaye da yawa na kowa ga dabbobi masu rarrafe, kuma yanzu za mu nuna muku mafi ban sha'awa:

Dabbobi masu rarrafe suna da gajerun gabobi ko babu.

Dabbobi masu rarrafe gabaɗaya suna da gajerun gabobi. Wasu dabbobi masu rarrafe, kamar macizai, ba su ma da kafafu. Dabbobi ne da suke tafiya kusa da ƙasa. Dabbobi masu rarrafe na ruwa ma ba su da dogayen gabobi.

Dabbobi masu rarrafe sune dabbobin ectothermic

Dabbobi masu rarrafe sune dabbobin ectothermic, wanda ke nufin hakan ba su iya daidaita yanayin zafin jikinsu ba kadai, kuma ya dogara da yanayin zafin muhallin. Ectothermia yana da alaƙa da wasu halaye. Misali, dabbobi masu rarrafe dabbobi ne da galibi suna dadewa cikin rana, zai fi dacewa akan duwatsu masu zafi. Lokacin da suka ji cewa zafin jikinsu ya ƙaru sosai, suna ƙauracewa rana. A yankuna na duniya inda damuna ke sanyi, masu rarrafe hibernate.

Vomeronasal ko Jacobson organ a cikin dabbobi masu rarrafe

Kwayar vomeronasal ko gabobin Jacobson ana amfani dashi don gano wasu abubuwa, yawanci pheromones. Bugu da kari, ta hanyar gishirin ruwa, dandano da kamshi sun yi ciki, wato dandano da kamshi suna ratsa baki.

Tankunan tanti na gas na gaske

Wasu dabbobi masu rarrafe suna ganin ƙananan canje -canje a yanayin zafi, suna gano bambance -bambancen har zuwa 0.03 ° C. wadannan ramuka suna kan fuska, kasancewa ɗaya ko biyu nau'i -nau'i, ko ma ramukan guda 13.

A cikin kowane rami akwai ɗakuna biyu da membrane ya raba. Idan akwai dabba mai ɗumi-ɗumi a kusa, iskar dake ɗakin farko tana ƙaruwa kuma membrane na ciki yana motsa ƙarshen jijiya, yana faɗakar da dabbobi masu rarrafe don kasancewar mai iya cin nama.

Kuma tunda batun batun halaye ne masu rarrafe, zaku iya duba bidiyon akan tashar mu ta YouTube wanda ke nuna nau'ikan jin daɗi da aka ambata a cikin wannan labarin, komodo dragon:

Idan kuna son karanta ƙarin labarai makamantansu Dabbobi masu rarrafe,, muna ba da shawarar cewa ku shiga ɓangaren Curiosities na duniyar dabbobi.