Dabbobi masu ban mamaki da aka samo a cikin Amazon na Brazil

Wadatacce

• An gano dabbobin ban mamaki 10 a cikin Amazon na Brazil
• gilashin kwaɗi
• Me yasa ko eel na lantarki
• Kwari na kibiya ko guba mai guba
• jupará
• lizard Yesu ko basilisk
• Jequityrannabuoy
• Anaconda ko koren anaconda
• Cape Verdean Ant ko Paraponera
• candiru
• Urutau
• Dabbobin da ke cikin haɗari a cikin Amazon

Amazon shine asalin halittar Brazil, yana mamaye sama da 40% na yankin ƙasa, kuma ya ƙunshi gandun daji mafi girma a duniya. Dabbobin gida da tsirrai na tsirran halittun sa suna bayyana bambancin halittu masu ban mamaki kuma dabbobin Amazon da yawa ba za a iya samun su a ko'ina cikin duniya ba. Duk da yake duk waɗannan nau'ikan suna da ban sha'awa saboda ƙarancin su, wasu sun fi ban mamaki saboda sun bambanta sosai.

Kuna da sha'awar yanayi kuma kuna son ƙarin sani game da Dabbobi masu ban mamaki da aka samo a cikin Amazon na Brazil? A cikin wannan labarin daga Labarin Kwararrun Dabbobi, zaku sami abubuwan ban sha'awa da hotunan dabbobin da aka saba da su daga Amazon waɗanda suka yi fice don bayyanar su mai ban mamaki da kuma sifofi na musamman na ilimin halittar su. Hakanan zaku san wasu nau'ikan musamman na wannan ƙirar halittu waɗanda ke cikin haɗarin ɓacewa.

An gano dabbobin ban mamaki 10 a cikin Amazon na Brazil

Lokacin da muke magana game da baƙon dabbobi da aka samo a cikin Amazon na Brazil, ba lallai ne mu yi magana game da jinsuna ba - bari mu ce - ba su da kyau sosai gwargwadon ƙa'idar da ake da ita a yanzu a cikin al'umma. Wannan jerin ya haɗa da kyawawan dabbobi masu ƙarancin halaye waɗanda ba kasafai ake samun su a cikin wasu nau'in ba.

Ko ta yaya, abu mafi mahimmanci shine ku san menene abin dabbobin dabino na Amazon, tare da keɓaɓɓun halaye waɗanda ke sa wannan ƙirar halittar ta zama ɗayan mafi bambancin duniya. Anan akwai wasu abubuwa masu ban sha'awa game da waɗannan nau'ikan sabon abu.

gilashin kwaɗi

A zahiri, ba baƙon dabba ba ne kawai da aka samo a cikin Amazon na Brazil, amma babban iyali ne na amphibians na anuran na dangin Centrolenidae. "Gilashin gilashi" shine sanannen suna da ake amfani da shi don bayyana nau'in kwaɗi da yawa waɗanda ke da sifar jikinsu mai haske.

Fata mai haske tana ba ku damar gani da ido viscera, tsokoki da ƙasusuwan waɗannan amphibians, suna yin su ya cancanci matsayi mai mahimmanci tsakanin baƙon dabbobi na gandun daji na Amazon. Suna kuma zaune a Paraguay, arewacin Kudancin Amurka da gandun daji masu zafi na Amurka ta Tsakiya.

Me yasa ko eel na lantarki

Kifi wanda yayi kama da babban macijin ruwa kuma yana da ikon fitar da raƙuman lantarki? Haka ne, wannan yana yiwuwa lokacin da muke magana dabbobin dabino na Amazon. Domin me (lantarki electrophorus), wanda kuma aka sani da eel na lantarki, yana da halaye na musamman wanda shine kawai nau'in kifin halittar Gymnotidae.

Ƙunƙwarar tana iya fitar da raƙuman wutar lantarki daga cikin jiki zuwa waje saboda kwayar halittar ta tana da tarin sel na musamman waɗanda ke fitar da manyan wutar lantarki mai ƙarfi har zuwa 600 W. Masu amfani da ita suna amfani da wannan ikon mai ban sha'awa don ayyuka da yawa, kamar farauta, karewa. a kan masu farauta da sadarwa tare da sauran eels.

Kwari na kibiya ko guba mai guba

An san kwadi na kibiya kuma ana jin tsoron su a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin dabbobi masu haɗari a cikin Amazon. Duk da ƙaramin girman, fatar waɗannan dabbobin ruwa suna da guba mai ƙarfi da ake kira batrachotoxin, wanda Indiyawan kan yi amfani da su a kan kibiya don kawo saurin mutuwar dabbobin da suke farautar abinci da maƙiyan da suka mamaye yankinsu.

A yau, an yi rikodin fiye da nau'in 180 na kwadin ƙanƙara wanda ya ƙunshi babban iyali. Dendrobatidae. DA mafi yawan nau'in guba shine kibiya na zinariya (Phyllobates terribilis), wanda gubarsa zata iya kashe mutane sama da 1000. Ba mu buƙatar yin bayanin dalilin da yasa yake cikin wannan jerin dabbobin dabbobin daji masu ban mamaki na Amazon, daidai ne?

jupará

Wataƙila mutane kaɗan ne za su yi tunanin cewa ɗan ƙaramin abin sha mai shayarwa zai kasance daga cikin Dabbobi masu ban mamaki da aka samo a cikin Amazon na Brazil. Koyaya, juparás (flavus tukwane) Dabbobi ne na gama -gari na nahiyar Amurka, suna da halaye na musamman waɗanda ke bambanta su da sauran nau'in da suka ƙunshi dangin Procionidae. A saboda wannan dalili, shi ne kawai nau'in cikin jinsin tukwane.

A Brazil, ana kuma kiranta da biri na dare saboda yana da halaye na dare kuma yana iya yin kama da tamarin. Amma a zahiri, juparás suna cikin dangi ɗaya kamar na wariyar launin fata da riguna, kuma ba su da alaƙa da nau'in birai da ke zaune cikin dazuzzukan Brazil. Babban fitaccen sifar jikin sa shine rigar zinariya da doguwar jela wanda yake amfani da shi don tallafawa kansa a kan rassan bishiyoyi.

lizard Yesu ko basilisk

Me ya sa za su sa wa dangi kadangare don girmama Yesu Kristi? To saboda wannan mai rarrafe yana da ban mamaki ikon "tafiya" akan ruwa. Godiya ga haɗuwar nauyi mai nauyi, ƙarancin jiki mai yawa, yanayin ƙafar bayanta (waɗanda ke da membranes tsakanin yatsun kafa) da saurin da wannan ɗan ƙaramin ƙanƙara zai iya kaiwa lokacin motsi, yana iya yiwuwa, maimakon nutsewa kamar zai yi kusan duk dabbobi, suna iya gudu akan koguna da sauran gabobin ruwa. Ikon ban mamaki don tserewa manyan dabbobi masu nauyi.

Abu mafi ban sha'awa shi ne, wannan, tsakanin baƙon dabbobin da aka samo a cikin Amazon na Brazil, ba kawai nau'in jinsi ɗaya ne ke da wannan ikon ba. A zahiri, dangin basilisk ya ƙunshi nau'ikan guda huɗu, mafi yawancin su Basiliscus Basiliscus, wanda aka fi sani da basilisk na kowa. Duk da kasancewa ɗaya daga cikin dabbobin da ke zaune a cikin Amazon na Brazil, ƙadangaren Yesu kuma suna zaune a wasu gandun daji a Kudancin da Tsakiyar Amurka.

Jequityrannabuoy

A jequitiranabóia (hasken laternary) da aka sani da turanci a matsayin gyada kai gyada. Amma ba kawai siffar kai ne ke jawo hankali ga wannan dabba daga Amazon ba. Gabaɗayan yanayin wannan kwari baƙon abu ne kuma ba shi da daɗi, amma yana da kyakkyawan dalili, don yin kame -kame. Kamar yadda ƙaramin dabbobi ne marasa lahani, kawai hanyar tsaron ta don tserewa mafarauta ita ce sake kamanni tsakanin ganyayyaki, rassa da ƙasa daga mazauninsu na halitta.

Wataƙila, siffar shugaban jequityranabóia yana ƙoƙarin yin koyi da shugaban ƙadangare. Ƙari ga haka, fukafukansa suna da tabo guda biyu masu kama da na mujiya. Waɗannan dabarun suna da amfani don ruɗewa da yaudarar mafarauta.

Anaconda ko koren anaconda

Anacondas ko anacondas sun shahara sosai har ma sun zama fitattun jarumai akan manyan allo. Yana ɗaya daga cikin ƙananan dabbobin da baƙon abu a cikin gandun dajin Amazon don zama tauraron fim. Koyaya, nesa da wannan hoton kisan kai da aka zana a cikin fina-finai, waɗannan manyan macizai waɗanda ke da dabi'un ruwa na ruwa an keɓe su sosai kuma hare-hare kan mutane ba safai ba, galibi yana faruwa lokacin da anaconda ke jin barazanar kasancewar mutum.

A halin yanzu, anaconda iri huɗu da ke cikin Kudancin Amurka Ana gane su.Anaconda kore wanda ke zaune a cikin Amazon na Brazil shine mafi girma daga cikin waɗannan nau'ikan guda huɗu, yana auna tsawon mita 9 kuma yana auna sama da kilo 200. A saboda wannan dalili, ana ɗaukarsa mafi maciji mafi ƙarfi da nauyi a duniya, yana rasa girman sa kawai ga reticulated python.

Cape Verdean Ant ko Paraponera

Daga dukkan nau'in tururuwa da ke wanzuwa a cikin duniya, Cape Verdean ant (paraponera mai ƙarfi) yana jawo hankali don kasancewa mafi yawan sanannun nau'in a duniya. Suna da girma sosai wanda za a iya kuskuren su da tsutsotsi, ko da yake ba su iya tashi ba.

Bugu da ƙari, yana da ƙarfi mai ƙarfi, wanda zai iya zama har sau 30 ya fi zafi fiye da na kumburi. A zahiri, an ce azabar da cizon Paraponera ke haifar da kwatankwacin tasirin harsashi kuma yana iya ɗaukar sama da awanni 24 don tafiya. Ba abin mamaki ba ana kiran waɗannan kwari harsashin tururuwa (galibi cikin Ingilishi da Spanish).

candiru

Kallo ɗaya, candiru (Vandellia cirrhosa) na iya yin kama da ƙaramin kifin mara lahani tare da jiki mai haske kuma babu fasali na zahiri. Amma me yasa za a ɗauke shi ɗayan dabbobi mafi ban mamaki a cikin Amazon na Brazil? Wannan dabbar tana daya daga cikin tsirarun halittun halittar hematophagous da aka sani, wato suna cin jinin sauran dabbobi.

Waɗannan ƙananan dangin kifin suna da kasusuwan siffa mai ƙugi waɗanda suke amfani da su don shiga cikin fata na sauran kifayen, su sha jinin, kuma su riƙe kansu da ƙarfi. Kodayake ba safai ba, suna kuma iya shiga cikin fitsari ko dubura na masu wanka kuma su lalata su, yanayin mai raɗaɗi wanda galibi yana buƙatar tiyata don warwarewa.

Hoto: Haihuwa/William Costa-Portal Amazônia

Urutau

Shin tsuntsu zai iya zama ɗaya daga cikin baƙon dabbobin da aka samo a cikin Amazon na Brazil? Ee da da da. Musamman idan yazo da “tsuntsu fatalwa” wanda zai iya tafiya gaba ɗaya ba a gane shi ba a tsakiyar mazaunin sa. Launi da tsarin furen urutau na kowa (Nyctibius griseus) yana yin daidai da bayyanar haushi daga busasshen, matacce ko karyayyen gindin bishiya.

Hakanan, idanunsa suna da ɗan rami a cikin murfin da tsuntsu zai iya ci gaba da shi. gani ko da idanun a rufe. Suna kuma nuna iyawa mai ban sha'awa na kasancewa gaba ɗaya mara motsi na awanni da yawa, koda sun gano kasancewar wasu dabbobi ko mutane. Wannan ikon yana ba da damar uruuta ta yaudari masu son farauta da adana kuzari mai yawa don tserewa.

Hoto: Haihuwa/Manzo

Dabbobin da ke cikin haɗari a cikin Amazon

Dangane da Takaddun Haraji na Dabbobin Brazil ^[1], wanda aka aiwatar da himmar Ma'aikatar Muhalli, gandun namun daji na Brazil ya ƙunshi fiye da dubu 116 da aka yi rikodin nau'in dabbobi masu rarrafe da dabbobi masu rarrafe. Abin takaici, kusan 10% na waɗannan Dabbobin Brazil suna cikin haɗarin halaka kuma mafi rinjayen halittu masu rai shine Amazon.

Nazarin da Cibiyar Chico Mendes ta Kula da Rayayyun Halittu ta gudanar ^[2] (ICMBio) tsakanin 2010 zuwa 2014 ya bayyana cewa aƙalla dabbobi 1050 a cikin Amazon suna cikin haɗarin ɓacewa a cikin shekarun da suka gabata. Tsakanin dabbobin Amazon da ke cikin haɗari, zaku iya samun kifaye, dabbobi masu shayarwa, dabbobi masu rarrafe, dabbobi masu rarrafe, kwari, tsuntsaye da dabbobi masu rarrafe. Ba zai yiwu ba a yi magana game da jinsin da yawa a cikin layin kaɗan. Koyaya, a ƙasa za mu ambaci wasu dabbobin alama na wannan ƙirar halitta ta Brazil waɗanda ke cikin haɗarin ɓacewa:

• Dolphin ruwan hoda (Ina geoffrensis);
• Yaren Margay (Leopardus wiedii);
• Ararajuba (Guaruba guarouba);
• Hawk (Harp harp);
• Manatee ta Amazonian (Tsarin Trichechus);
• Chawa (Rhodocorytha Amazon);
• Yaren Jaguar (panthera onca);
• Caiarara (daCebus kaapori);
• Bikin Capuchin (Sapajus cay);
• Babban Gizo (Myrmecophaga tridactyla);
• Bugun gizo -gizo (Atheles Belzebuth);
• Puma (daPco concolor);
• Otter (Pteronura brasiliensis);
• Yaren Uakari (Cacajao hosomi);
• Arapacu (Kerthios dendrokolaptes);
• Toucan mai baƙar fata (Vitellinus Ramphastos);
• Sauim-de-learsaguinus mai launi biyu);
• Blue Arara (Anorhonorhynchus hyacinthinus);
• Cocoa bera (Callistomys hoto);
• Golden Lion tamarin (Leontopithecus Rosalia);
• Weasel na Amazon (Afirka mustela);
• Ocelot (Damisa damisa);
• Kyarkeci Guara (Chrysocyon brachyurus);
• Pirarucu (Arapaima gigas);
• Woodpecker mai launin rawaya (Galeatus Dryocups).